• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

This study analyzes the economic efficiency of the virtual power plant (VPP) model that aims to integrate a number of emergency generators installed at the consumer end and operate them as a single power plant. Several factors such as the demand response benefits from VPP operation and costs incurred for converting emergency generators into VPP are considered to assess the economic efficiency of the proposed VPP model. Scenarios for yearly VPP conversion are prepared based on the installed capacities of the emergency generators distributed in South Korea, while the costs and benefits are calculated from the viewpoints of participants and power companies in accordance with California Test Methods. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the cost factors among those affecting the economic efficiency of VPP business because these two factors have a great impact on benefits.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

정전에 따른 직접적이고 단기간의 정전비용을 평가하기 위해 산업용 수용가를 대상으로 설문조사 결과를 요약한 것이다. 설문지는 주로 수용가의 전기전문가를 대상으로 예상되는 예비 조치에 바탕을 두고 작성되었다. 정전의 기간과 빈도를 고려한 신뢰성에 대한 경제성 평가는 어떠한 종류의 정전에 의해 유발되는 특히 대규모 산업용 수용가의 손실과 경제적인 충격을 정확히 반영하지 못했다. 수용가 집단에 초래되는 비용의 큰 차이를 내포시키기 위해 본 정전비용을 분석함에 있어서 IEC, IEEE와 같은 국제 규격을 활용하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2015

Many burial sites were constructed in a short time to prevent the rapid spread of foot and mouth disease in infected livestock carcasses in Korea. More than 4,700 carcass burial sites were constructed in 2011. Approximately seven million poultry and 3.5 million livestock, including cattle and swine, were buried on farmland. Some burial sites were suspected of leachate leakage and were excavated and carcasses redisposed in a bioaugmentation process. This study performed interviews in order to understand the economic issues related to carcass burial and redisposal. The internal data from local government and the assumption data from online sites were analyzed to evaluate the costs; the focus was on burial site construction. The results showed that the local government paid $4.7 and $10.9 per carcass for traditional burial and redisposal. The comparable costs shown online were $4.5. This study found that the standard operating procedures should be carried out to reduce environmental impact and avoid additional costs. We estimated that the cost could be reduced by the advance preparations of materials against the emergency situations such as catastrophe of epidemics. In addition, the innovative technology for the stabilization of carcasses should be established through a future study.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Purpose: Ground source heat pump system has been attracted in the horticulture industry for the reduction of energy costs and the increasing of farm income. Even though it has higher initial costs, if it uses in combination with heat storage, it is able to reduce the initial costs and operate efficiently. In order to have significant effect of heat storage type ground source heat pump system, it is required to design the capacity considering various conditions such as energy load pattern and operating schedule. Method: In this study, we have designed heat storage type ground source heat pump system in 5 cases by the operating schedule, and examined the system to find the most economic and having superb performance regarding the system COP(Coefficient of Performance) and energy consumption, using dynamic energy simulation, TRNSYS 17. Result: Conventional ground source heat pump system has lower energy consumption than heat storage type, but following the result of LCC(Life Cycle Cost) analysis, the heat storage type was more economic due to the initial costs. In addition, it has the most efficient performance and energy costs in the case of the smallest heat storage time.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.239-267
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• 2009

공공보건정책사업에 대한 투자는 국민들의 건강수준을 향상시켜 미래의 의료비 절감효과가 나타날 것이며 질병부담 감소로 인한 생산성 손실이 감소할 것이며, 이러한 공공보건정책사업에 의한 건강증진효과는 경제성장을 촉발시키는 원동력이 될 것으로 사료된다. 본 논문에서는 공공보건정책사업의 투자효과를, 사업시행의 결과로 국민들의 질병으로 인한 사회경제적 비용이 감소했는지의 여부와 그 정도로 측정했으며, 특히 구축된 시계열 자료를 토대로 미시적 분석을 수행하기 위해, 질병으로 인한 사회경제적 비용규모가 가장 큰 5대 질환군 및 각 연령대별 인구집단을 대상으로 시행된 공공보건정책사업의 건강증진효과와 이들 효과가 경제성장에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 질환별로는 호흡기계, 소화기계, 순환기계 및 감염성 질환 등에서 정책효과가 유의했고, 연령대별로는 0~9세, 10~19세, 40~49세, 50~59세, 60~69세 및 70세 이상 연령대에서 유의한 효과를 보였다. 아울러 이들 질병으로 인한 사회경제적 비용의 절감은 실질국내총생산의 증가에 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2015

Since lamb is a commodity, producers cannot control the price of the product they sell. Therefore, managing production costs is a necessity. We explored the study of elasticities as a tool for basing decision-making in sheep production, and aimed at investigating the composition and elasticities of lamb production costs, and their influence on the performance of the activity. A representative sheep production farm, designed in a panel meeting, was the base for calculation of lamb production cost. We then performed studies of: i) costs composition, and ii) cost elasticities for prices of inputs and for zootechnical indicators. Variable costs represented 64.15% of total cost, while 21.66% were represented by operational fixed costs, and 14.19% by the income of the factors. As for elasticities to input prices, the opportunity cost of land was the item to which production cost was more sensitive: a 1% increase in its price would cause a 0.2666% increase in lamb cost. Meanwhile, the impact of increasing any technical indicator was significantly higher than the impact of rising input prices. A 1% increase in weight at slaughter, for example, would reduce total cost in 0.91%. The greatest obstacle to economic viability of sheep production under the observed conditions is low technical efficiency. Increased production costs are more related to deficient zootechnical indexes than to high expenses.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2021

Background: With increasing economic evaluation studies on the treatment of or screening tools for liver diseases that cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), interest in the analysis of the medical utilization and costs of HCC treatment is increasing. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the medical utilization and costs of HCC patients, and calculate the cost of main procedures for HCC treatment, including liver transplant (LT), hepatic resection (HR), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: We analyzed claim data from January to December 2018 from the Health Insurance and Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS-2018) dataset, including data of patients diagnosed with HCC (Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code C22.0) who had at least one inpatient claim for HCC. Results: A total of 715 HCC patients were identified. In 2018, the yearly average medical cost per HCC patient was ₩18,460K (thousand), of which ₩14,870K was attributed to HCC. Among the total medical costs of HCC patients, the inpatient cost accounted for the largest portion of both the total medical and HCC-related costs. The major procedures of HCC treatment occurred most frequently in the order of TACE, RFA, HR, and LT. The average medical cost per treatment episode was the highest for LT (₩87,280K), followed by HR (₩10,026K), TACE (₩4,047K), and RFA (₩2,927K). Conclusion: By identifying the medical costs of HCC patients and the costs of the main procedures of HCC treatment, our results provide basic information that could be utilized for cost estimation in liver disease-related economic evaluation studies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2024

Background: The rise in national health care costs has emerged as a global problem given the ever-aging population and rapid development of medical technology. The utilization of interventional pain management has, similarly, shown a continued rise worldwide. This study evaluates the differences in the medical costs in the field of interventional pain treatment (IPT) between two countries: Korea and Japan. Methods: Korean medical insurance costs for 2019 related to pain management focused on IPT were compared to those of Japan. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was used to adjust the exchange rate differences and to compare prices in consideration of the respective societies' economic power. Results: The cost of trigger point injections in Japan was 1.06 times higher than that of Korea, whereas the perineural and intraarticular injection prices were lower in Japan. The cost of epidural blocks was higher in Japan compared to Korea in both cervical/thoracic and lumbar regions. As for blocks of peripheral branches of spinal nerves, the cost of scapular nerve blocks in Japan was lower than that in Korea, given a PPP ratio 0.09. For nerve blocks in which fluoroscopy guidance is mandatory, the costs of epidurography in Japan were greater than those in Korea, given a PPP ratio 1.04. Conclusions: This is the first comparative study focusing on the medical costs related to IPT between Korea and Japan, which reveals that the costs differed along various categories. Further comparisons reflecting more diverse countries and socio-economic aspects will be required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6903-6908
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• 2015

Background: As smoking is the leading preventable cause of multiple diseases and premature cancer deaths, estimating the burden of cancer attributable to smoking has become the standard in documenting the adverse impact of smoking. In Indonesia, there is a dearth of studies assessing the economic costs of cancers related to smoking. This study aimed to estimate indirect mortality costs of premature cancer deaths and years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to smoking among the Indonesian population. Materials and Methods: A prevalence based method was employed. Using national data, we estimated smoking-attributable cancer mortality in 2013. Premature mortality costs and YPLL were estimated by calculating number of cancer deaths, life expectancy, annual income, and workforce participation rate. A human capital approach was used to calculate the present value of lifetime earnings (PVLE). A discount rate of 3% was applied. Results: The study estimated that smoking attributable cancer mortality was 74,440 (30.6% of total cancer deaths), comprised of 95% deaths in men and 5% in women. Cancers attributed to smoking wereresponsible for 1,207,845 YPLL. Cancer mortality costs caused by smoking accounted for USD 1,309 million in 2013. Among all cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of death and economic burden. Conclusions: Cancers related to smoking pose an enormous economic burden in Indonesia. Therefore, tobacco control efforts need to be prioritized in order to prevent more losses to the nation. The data of this study are important for advocating national tobacco control policy.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1998

1993년에서부터 1996년까지 우리나라에서는 연간 1,500여명의 식중독환자가 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 살모넬라균으로 인한 감염 환자수는 세균성 식중독환자의 55.1%를 차지하고 있다. 하지만 신고되지 않은 실제 환자수는 더 많을 것으로 추정되고 있다. 본 연구의 결과로 1996년의 경우 실제 살모넬라균 감염으로 인산 식중독 발병환자는 177,000명으로 추정되었으며, 이는 신고된 환자수의 150배에 해당된다. 그리고 살모넬라균 감염 식중독으로 인해 추정된 최소한의 사회경제적 손실비용은 연간 59억원 정도로 추정되었으며, 본 비용분석에 는 의료비용과 생산성 손실비용만이 포함되었다. 1993년 미국에서 실시한 살모넬라 감염에 대해 추정한 환자수와 사회경제적 손실 비용을 본 연구결과와 비교 시, 인구대비 추정환자수의 경우, 미국은 전체 인구 중 0.36~1.79%가 살모넬라에 감염된 것으로 추정되었고, 우리 나라의 경우도 전체 인구대비로 볼 때는 0.39%로 , 차이가 없는 것으로 보여지고 있다. 또한 사회경제적 손실비용에 있어서도 미국의 경우 GDP의 0.006~0.03%이고, 우리나라의 경우도 GDP의 0.002%로 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 우리나라의 살모넬라 감염 식중독 발생도 결코 작은 수준이 아님을 짐작할 수 있다. 이와 같은 추정을 통한 식중독에 대한 사회경제적 손실비용 분석은 위해성 평가의 한 부분으로, 우리나라 식중독관리의 효율성을 평가하고 개선하는데 있어 이용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.