• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.9-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the change of consumption structure of households due to spending on private tutoring, then analyse the difference of change depending on income bracket. The results of the study show that the proportion of private tutoring spending of poor households is relatively higher than high or middle income households although the amount is smaller than them. The consumption items adjusted by the change of private tutoring spending are different depending on income level, and adjustment possibility of them of poor households is very lower than other classes. These show their risk of insufficient consumption of food, clothing, and shelter is high. The burden of private tutoring spending of the poor increase the economic insecurity, therefore various supportive approaches such as improvement of the quality of public education, economic support the poor suffering from the burden of private tutoring spending are necessary to prevent the latent problems of the poor and their children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.244-259
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• 1995

This study was designed and carried out to describe the stress of the infertile women and identify its predictors. The subjects of this study, 131 infertile women, were in primary or secondary infertility. the were conveniently sampled out from the infertility clinics of K University Medical Center and C Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected by using the Infertility Stress Scale which consisted of 35 items with four dimensions(cognitive, affective, marital and social stress) from August to November 1994. The data were analyzed by using the pc-SAS program. The information was obtained of Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test and Multiple Regression. The results are as follows; 1. The Mean of the stress of the infertile women is 2.78. The Means of the stress in 4 dimensions are 3.81 in the cognitive dimension, 3.05 in the affective dimension, 2.06 in the marital adjustment dimension and 2.41 in the social adjustment dimension. 2. The predictors of the stress of the infertile women are their educational levels and subjective economic status. They explain 14.08% of total variance.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.452-459
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• 2008

The compressed injection yellow ocher soil is the process-technology by drying the product through sunshine, not by firing like pottery and ceramic ware. It is the technology of development being able to achieve the far infrared ray and humidity adjustment by adding recycling paper, Korean paper and bamboo salt, and it corresponds with the construction enforcement ordinance 2007 as an interior-finishing product which is fire-resistant. In case that the yellow ocher soil would be used as lighting device and interior-finishing material and decoration, it could contribute to an improvement of National Health by avoiding the sick house syndrome and adding humidity adjustment, and it has more efficient economic effect due to using recycle-available additives. Through such developments of the yellow ocher soil products the domestic market of lighting device and construction material can be advanced and the replacement effect of imported goods & also export effect can be expected accordingly.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2012

This paper estimates the effect of minimum wages on new hiring of low wage workers from a time-series. The results indicate that minimum wages tend to reduce the new hiring of low wage workers, in particular, among women, less educated and older population. The strongly negative effect on new hiring suggests that the burden of reduced labor demand arising from higher minimum wages tend to fall mostly upon the unprotected low-wage job searchers due to the short-term rigidity of employment adjustment among the existing workers.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2009

Under recent dramatic declines in response rates, various procedures have been considered among survey practitioners to reduce nonresponse in order to avoid its potential impairment to the inference. In the random digit dialing telephone surveys, substantial efforts are often required to obtain the initial contact for the screener interview. To reduce a burden with higher data collection costs, refusal conversion can be administered only to a random portion of the sample, reducing nonresponse (bias) with an expense of sample variability increment due to the associated weight adjustment. In this paper, we provide ways to determine the optimal subsampling rate using a linear cost model. Our approach for refusal subsampling is to predetermine a random portion from the full sample and to apply refusal conversion efforts if needed only to the subsample.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2022

This study tried to find various alternatives to live the rest of life positively by examining whether satisfaction with work in old age has a positive effect on psychological adjustment in old age. Using the 15th (2020) data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS), 117 men and 355 women were analyzed as a sample to verify the effect of job participation satisfaction among the elderly on psychological adjustment. The results of the regression analysis in this paper (F=11.680, p<.001) were analyzed to be significant. The results showed gender (β=-.192, p<.001), age (β=2.004, p<.001), and job participation satisfaction (β=-3.726, p<.001). Therefore, it was found to have an effect on psychological adaptation. In terms of gender, it was found that men had higher psychological adaptability than women, and that the lower the age, the higher the psychological adaptability. As a result, it was confirmed that the elderly's job participation is a simple economic part of the elderly, and the psychologically positive influence increased. The higher the job participation satisfaction, the higher the psychological adaptability.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2005

Legislation on pharmaceutical reimbursement decision using economic evaluation results was made in Korea in fm, but has yet to be fully implemented. We evaluated the quality of Korean economic evaluation studies of pharmaceuticals to understand gaps between legislation and implementation. From this evaluation, we propose policy options that might strengthen the research Infrastructure In order to support such studies. We reviewed 23 published studies for drugs conducted between 1996 and 2004. Evaluation criteria included methodological characteristics, healthcare system characteristics, population characteristics, and applicability of results. Large variation in study quality was observed, particularly with study design, outcome data, treatment patterns and interpretation. Korean clinical data used was mostly from observational studies of 1-2 hospitals. Foreign data was extracted from clinical trials that did not Include Asian population and their selection criterion was not clarified. With respect to treatment patterns, medical records and hospital bills were used without adjustment regarding area, hospital type, and others. And next frequent situation relied on expert opinion from academic physicians in specialty practice. preference measures, when used, were not elicited from the Korean population. $78.3\%$ of studies did not clarify the funding source. If the Korean economic evaluation policy is to provide meaningful data for decision makers, the quality of cost-effectiveness studies will need to improve dramatically. This may involve access to or creation of better data, more diverse funding, unproved training of researchers and evaluators, and partnerships with technology manufacturers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.137-145
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to find out the time-series nexus of public debt and economic growth in Malaysia. For an upper-middle income country, Malaysia had experienced over 50% ratio of debt to GDP since 2009 until now. The question arises is whether this trend is healthy to the economy. With a focus into the debt-to-GDP ratio from 1970-2015, this study investigates the short-run and long-run relationship between public debt and economic growth in Malaysia. This study used secondary data by collecting time-series data (1970-2015) from the World Bank Data and Bank Negara Malaysia. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied in this study to examine the relationship between debt and economic growth. Based on ARDL framework, it shows that there is a long-run effect between the debt and economic growth in Malaysia. While the significance value of Error Correction Term shows that there is a long-run adjustment in the short run. Generally, this study found government expenditures, in the long run, strongly influence the GDP per capita. Through the findings, the government expenditures could increase the GDP per capita. The study also reveals that any increment of the debt ratio will result in reduction of the GDP per capita.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.631-639
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• 2015

In the unit modular construction, the unit module prefabricated in a factory with a high level of accuracy does not fit completely onto the ground-joint junction due to the low accuracy of the ground work. This difference in the level of accuracy can cause diverse problems, such as twisting the upper unit modules and loosening the connection between the module and the footing. On this background, the aim of this study is to develop a technique for adjusting the height of the prefabricated individual footing. To accomplish the aim, a height adjustment method using bolts and nuts is proposed, and a shop drawing and the construction sequence are also presented in this study. The structural safety is verified through a structure simulation. In the future, research will be conducted on a mock-up test of the height adjustment method developed in this study, and an analysis of economic feasibility will be performed in order to verify its constructability and usability.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare sexual concerns and adjustment between men and women with spinal cord injuries. A total of 108 persons (67 men and 41 women), registered to the Spinal Cord Injury Organization or admitted at rehabilitation unit from February 1999 to February 2000, were selected as subjects of the study. Participants answered the questionnaires concerning importance of life events, sexual concern, sexual adjustment, relationship with a sex partner, and depression. The results are as follows : 1) There were no significant differences between men and women in the general characteristics except sexual dysfunction. 2) With respect to eleven different life areas, sex life ranked the fifth among men, whereas it occupied the lowest position for women among the 11 areas. However economic status was the most highly-ranked for both sex. 3) Men took much interest in the "methods and techniques for achieving sexual satisfaction", "Helping a partner cope emotionally with limitations on sexual activity", whereas women were interested in "Helping a partner cope emotionally with limitations on sexual activity" and "Ability to have children". 4) The means of sexual adjustment, relationship with a sex partner, and depression among men were higher than women. But there was no significant difference between two groups. As a result, the study suggests that there are no significant differences in the general characteristics between men and women with spinal cord injuries except sexual dysfunction. Men evaluated the sexual events highly compared to women, and differences were also shown in terms of sexual concerns between men and women. Therefore differential approaches to sexual rehabilitation are required; in both socio-psychological and physical aspects for men and particularly in socio-psychological respect for women.