• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2007

This study estimated the isoflavone intake level in Koreans using Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed related variables. The results showed that the average daily intake of isoflavone in adults was shown as 23.1 mg. The isoflavone intake level at 50 percentile was 16.9 mg ($0{\sim}90\;mg$), and 10% of adults took almost 50 mg of isoflavone a day and 10% took about 5 mg a day. The major food sources for isoflavone in Koreans were in the order of soybean, soybean paste, soy milk, soybean curd (tofu), and bean sprouts; the intake was different depending on age, educational background, occupation, economic standard, and family type. The result showed higher isoflavone intake levels in the group over 30 years old and the highest isoflavone intake in subjects working in farming/fishery, followed by housemakers. According to the differences by families the families with elderly members showed 50% higher isoflavone intake than young families with friends or siblings. Depending on related ecological variables, therefore, various nutrition education programs should be developed for a variety of intakes of soybean foods, along with easy and simple cooking methods as parts of continuous research.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Recently, the field of construction is putting a variety of effort into reducing CO2, since global warming is being accelerated due to climate changes and the increase of greenhouse gas. For reduction of CO2 in the field of construction, it is required to make plans to cut down heating energy of buildings and especially, it is urgently needed to cut down energy of residential buildings in rural area where occupies the majority of consumption of petroleum-based energy sources. Therefore, this research compared and analyzed the actual energy consumption, by evaluating energy performance of a detached house applying passive house design components for reduction of energy. As the result, energy consumption showed remarkable differences, according to the operation of a heat recovery ventilation unit which is one of passive house design components, and building energy consumption displayed remarkable differences, too, depending on the difference of airtightness performance during building energy simulation conducted in process of design. Based on these results, the importance of airtightness performance of passive house was verified. The result of the actual measurement of energy consumption demonstrated that LNG was most economical amongst several heat resources yielded, on the basis of LPG source energy consumption measured within a certain period of time, and it was followed by kerosene. LPG was analyzed to have a low economic efficiency, when used for heating.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2013

Recently, New Han-ok is in prevail because it has many good qualities as a dwelling. But the New Han-ok dwellers' needs and satisfaction ratio on their houses are not investigated yet. So, surveys on satisfaction ratio for New Han-ok were carried out to know New Han-ok's existing conditions and inhabitant's responses on New Han-ok dwellings. Followings are results. 1) Dwellers response that it is cool in summer and it is cold in winter. So, design and construction method against cold is needed for New Han-ok. 2) Window is the most picking element of New Han-ok for house improvement. 3) Window opening is main control method for cooling in summer. Warming sources in winter are various such as electricity, gas, oil, wood, etc. 4) PVC window structure and glasses were used for New Han-ok's window system as well as wooden window structure and Han-gi. 5) Interviewees are generally satisfied with New Han-ok's exterior view and inner spaces. Almost no humidifier is used. These results could be used for improvement of Han-ok and basic material for New Han-ok design.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants (nit mutants) in ecological studies of Fusarium disease of strawberry. Nit mutants of Fusarium oxysporum from strawberry were easily formed on chlorate-containing media. Nit mutants were assigned to three phenotypic classes, nit1, nit3, and NitM, on the basis of their growth on media containing one of the following five different nitrogen sources ; nitrate, nitrite, hypoxanthine, ammonium and uric acid. Frequency of nit mutation and proportion of three phenotypes of nit mutants depended on the isolate. Mutation rate was 45.6% and ranged from 15.0% to 95.0%. The frequency of nit1 mutants was higher than that of nit3 or NitM. The complementary reaction between nit1 and NitM was higher than that of other combination. There has been no complementary response observed between nit3 and nit3. The nit mutants showed similar growth pattern as the that of wild type isolate on potato sucrose agar and potato sucrose liquid media. Most of the mutants retained pathogenicity, and maintained their phenotypes even after two year preservation through subculture on slanted PSA at room temperature. Nit mutants were selctively isolated from infested soil and infected plants on the selective medium (MMCPA) containing potassium chlorate with their original phenotypes, while naturally occurring isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were not grow on the medium. On the contrary, nit mutants showed very slight growth on the medium (MMPA) containing nitrate as a sole nitrogen source, and therefore could be distinguished from wild type isolate.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2006

Biodiversity is closely related to the conservation of ecosystems. Ecosystems provide more subtle, but equally essential, services. Microorganisms decompose human's waste and renew the soils that produce our food crops. Biodiversity in Korean paddies encompass 54 families and 107 species of freshwater invertebrates. In terms of the number of aquatic insects affected by different sources, the order starting with the highest population was swine slurry > chemical fertilizer > fresh straw with reduced fertilizers > control. The number of freshwater invertebrate and aquatic macro-invertebrate in surface water of the plots without insecticidal application were 2 and 2.1 times greater than in fields receiving insecticide applications, respectively. The soil microfungal flora of the 85 isolates paddy fields in Korea was 30 species in 13 genera and 11 isolates were unidentified yet. Agricultural policy should be changed to assist the conservation of biodiversity because until now the agricultural ecosystems have been negatively affected from the development of high-yield varieties to enhance food production, and the expansion of fertilizer and chemical use. For the conservation of agricultural ecosystems, agricultural practices with less investment and more resource saving, as well as enhancing the safety of agricultural and livestock products are essential. Finally, this paper was written for the contribution for the development of environmentally friendly farming systems with neighboring or whole ecosystems.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

With high acknowledgements of environmental conservation and energy saving, many architectural technologies using renewable energy have been recently applied at buildings which take about 20% of total energy consumption. Among renewable energy sources, the photovoltaic is considered as the most highly potential one due to advantages of infiniteness and cleanliness. Also, projects to install renewable energy systems have been continuously performed at deteriorated educational facilities as energy efficient remodeling projects or green school projects by the Korean government. This paper proposes appropriate capacities by school level on installing photovoltaic systems at deteriorated school buildings, based on the balance of annual electricity power demand and supply between buildings and systems. Using the Visual DOE program and Merit program, the appropriate installment capacity of photovoltaic system turned out be 40kWp at elementary school building and 60kWp at middle and high ones. In addition, annual energy use proved to be reduced by 20.2% at elementary school, 26.9% at middle school, and 21.0% at high school by installing photovoltaic systems with the appropriate capacities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

Approximately 20 percentage of energy consumptions in buildings is consumed as lighting energy. Thus, most of the corporations of lighting fixture have launched low energy products. However, many researchers focused on the only luminous efficacy for energy conservation and used the evaluating tool of study. This can not gauge the precise cooling load related on generated heat of artificial lighting. In order to assess an effect of the temperature variation of lighting resources, the main purpose of this study is to predict the generated heating energy from lighting by measuring the thermal variation in scale model to reduce external noise. Also this paper used MX100 data logger to record at an interval of 1 minute for 60 minutes for the temperature of interior lightings such as incandescent lamp, fluorescent light, halogen lamp and LED lamp. As a result, LED lamp generated the lowest heat. On the other hand, incandescent lamp did the highest.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2007

Over the last century the mercury (Hg) concentration in the environment has been increased by human activities with inputs from sources such as atmospheric deposition, urban runoff, and industrial effluents. Mercury can be transformed to methylmercury (MeHg) in anaerobic conditions by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and sediments are the principal location for MeHg production in aquatic environments. Interest in bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg into lower trophic levels of benthic and pelagic organisms stems from public health concerns as these organisms provide essential links for higher trophic levels of food chains such as fish and larger invertebrates. Fish consumption is the major exposure route of MeHg to humans. Recently, it was reported that blood samples in Korea showed much higher Hg levels (5-8 times) than those in USA and Germany. Although this brings much attention to Hg research in Korea, there are very few studies on Hg biogeochemical cycling and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. Given the importance of Hg methylation and MeHg transfer through food chains in aquatic environments, it is imperative that studies should be done in much detail looking at the fate, transport, and bioaccumulation of Hg and MeHg in the environment. Moreover, there should be long-term monitoring plans in Korea to evaluate the environmental and health effects of Hg and MeHg.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1253-1258
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• 2006

As a global effort to conservate the environment, life cycle assessment(LCA) which considers the environmental impact through the life cycle of a product, from acquiring of resources to scrapping, has been actively applied. The LCA is a tool to calculate quantitatively the environmental impacts caused by products or services through their life cycles. Eco-efficiency need that express value of environmental impact provision EMU and develops in two forms according to use target of Eco-efficiency as a tool that environmental impact of EMU. It is a strategic instrument which assists stakeholders to understand which products, processes or services to target with future investments and which are not by comparing economic and ecological values. The results stand for aggregated information on economical value and environmental impact. Also, In this method, it is important to derive EPI(Environmental Performance Index) and SPI(Service Performance Index) from the sources available. The following is used as one of Eco-efficiency tools to achieve the target performance of processes, products and services for designer or projector. According to the eco-efficiency methodology for EMU developed in this study, the user definition and the DB design were carried out as a basic design of eco-efficiency S/W.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

The energy cost is resulted from the energy use. Its sources are divided into some types and depended on the building use or energy-use type. The energy cost should be affected by the amount of the energy use. The cost could be calculated to consider various factors such as the insulation, heating type, building shape and others. But it can not consider all of the affect factors to the energy cost and need to categorize the factors to the condition for estimating the cost. In this paper, it aimed at providing the estimation model in linear equation and multiple linear regression, utilizing the building exterior condition and management characteristics in apartment housing. Its survey are conducted in two parts of management characteristics and building exterior condition. The correlation analysis is conducted to get rid of the multicolinearity among the inputted factors. The number of linear equation model is 11 and includes the 1st, 2nd and 3rd equation function, power function and others. Among these, it suggested the 2nd and 3rd function and power function in terms of the statistics. In multiple linear regression model, the building volume and management area are inputted to the estimation.