• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2021

Background: Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bees. As climate change affects the species distribution and causes range shift, the degree of range shift and the quality of the habitats are becoming more important for securing the species diversity. In addition, those pollinator insects are contributing not only to shaping the natural ecosystem but also to increased crop production. The distributional and habitat quality changes of wild bees are of utmost importance in the climate change era. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on distributional and habitat quality changes of five wild bees in northwestern regions of Iran under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We used species distribution models to predict the potential range shift of these species in the year 2070. Result: The effects of climate change on different species are different, and the increase in temperature mainly expands the distribution ranges of wild bees, except for one species that is estimated to have a reduced potential range. Therefore, the increase in temperature would force wild bees to shift to higher latitudes. There was also significant uncertainty in the use of different models and the number of environmental layers employed in the modeling of habitat suitability. Conclusion: The increase in temperature caused the expansion of species distribution and wider areas would be available to the studied species in the future. However, not all of this possible range may include high-quality habitats, and wild bees may limit their niche to suitable habitats. On the other hand, the movement of species to higher latitudes will cause a mismatch between farms and suitable areas for wild bees, and as a result, farmers will face a shortage of pollination from wild bees. We suggest that farmers in these areas be aware of the effects of climate change on agricultural production and consider the use of managed bees in the future.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.107-107
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• 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammatory response and dysregulation of immune function. The severity of US has been influenced by environmental factors and food habit. The immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory and steroidal medicine have been used for the treatment of UC. However, long-term administration of those medicine is accompanied with side-effect. So, it is necessary to develop the non side-effect medicine using natural product. Prebiotics influences intestinal condition and food consumption. The heredity, immunity and environmental condition are related with occurrence of UC. In recent study, UC patients had lower level of prebiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium compared with healthy people. Also, previous study announced that imbalance of enteric flora aggravates the severity of UC. The effectiveness of probiotics might affect colon ability and viable bacteria also could promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Prebiotics, such as herbal medicine, could lead to balance of intestinal bacteria or increase beneficial bacteria. So, proper choice of herbal medicine could control the intestinal condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in vivo. The synbiotics consist of Lactobacillus buchneri, Polymnia sonchifolia and Glycine max Merr. in this study. To evaluate the effect of synbiotics, 3% DSS was administered in BALB/c mice and synbiotics was daily administered for experimental days. The administration of synbiotics regulated colon length shortening, body weight change and disease activity index effectively. Also, extract of synbiotics upregulated survival ability of Lactobacillus buchneri in gut condition. These results suggest that mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, called as synbiotics, could influence intestinal condition also regulate the colon disease. Synbiotics might be a therapeutic agent for treatment of UC.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2020

이 연구에서 지리산의 낮은 고도에서부터 높은 고도까지 나비의 종다양성, 고도에 따른 생태적 특성, 우점종의 고도 분포에 대해 알아보았다. 나비는 총 5과 58종 769개체의 나비를 확인하였다. 낮은 고도와 높은 고도에서 종다양성은 높게 나타나고 있었다. 군집분석을 통해 3개(낮은 고도, 중간 고도, 높은 고도)로 구분하였으며, 낮은 고도에 비해 높은 고도에서는 서식지 범위가 좁은 종의 비율이 높았으며, 단식성 나비의 비율이 높게 나타나고, 다화성 나비의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 배추흰나비(Pieris rapae)는 600m 이하의 고도에서 서식하고, 큰흰줄표범나비(Argynnis ruslana), 먹그늘나비(Lethe diana)는 900 m 이상의 고도에 서식하며, 특히 큰흰줄표범나비(Argynnis ruslana)는 1,000m 이상에서 서식하고 있었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 지속적인 모니터링 실시를 통해 지리산에서 기후변화에 따른 나비의 고도 분포 변화 및 다양성 변화 양상을 확인할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the citizens' perception of urban ecosystem and urban ecosystem education to find out how to plan and create an effective urban ecosystem and how to utilize urban ecosystem education and educational media according to age groups. To this end, an online survey of 416 Suwon citizens was conducted, and based on the responses of the respondents, cross-analysis, multiple-response analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics Statistical Program. The study found that fewer respondents showed a high understanding of urban ecosystem concepts compared to those who recognized the importance of environmental issues. Nevertheless, most of the respondents were aware of the importance of preserving and protecting the urban ecosystem and responded positively to the inconvenience. In addition, most of the respondents were aware of the need for urban ecosystem education and were found to have different preferred information media depending on age. It has been confirmed that the establishment of facilities such as ecological learning centers and seasonal environmental schools is the top priority among all age groups. Citizens are also aware of the importance of preserving and protecting the urban ecosystem and the need for education, but it is deemed necessary to supplement it because effective urban ecosystem conservation and protection plans and systematic education are not provided that citizens can sympathize with. In addition, it is deemed that various measures should be presented in selecting responsible organizations and educational media that host the education for effective education and promotion of urban ecosystem education according to conduct urban ecosystem education.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제68권
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• pp.217-243
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• 2021

본 연구는 유엔 사무총장이 "코로나 19는 여성의 얼굴을 한 위기이다" 라고 언급한 것에서 볼 수 있듯이, 코로나 19 팬데믹으로 인하여 가장 큰 위기와 고통, 어려움에 처한 여성들의 상황을 통계자료들와 학술연구결과들을 통하여 경제적, 사회 문화적, 심리 정서적 측면에서 구체적으로 다루고, 이 문제들이 어떻게 "돌봄"에 관련되어 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 문제들과 위기에 대한 교회의 한 대응으로서 "돌봄윤리"와 "돌봄목회"를 통한 목회신학적 성찰을 도모하였다. 교회의 "돌봄목회"는 교회내의 개인적 돌봄 뿐 아니라 사회, 문화, 경제, 정치, 생태계적 이슈들에도 확장되며, 교회는 공공성을 가지고 재난과 관련된 이러한 이슈들에 응답하는 선교적 사명을 지닌다. 나아가 교육목회를 통해, 돌봄과 불평등에 대한 가치관과 사고방식의 변화와 디아코니아, 교회공동체의 사랑의 돌봄이 격려되어야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2022

Species distribution models are a useful tool for predicting future distribution and establishing a preemptive response of invasive species. However, few studies considered the possibility of habitat for the aquatic organism and the number of target sites was relatively small compared to the area. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the emerging tool as the methodology obtaining the bulk of species presence data with high detectability. Thus, this study applied eDNA survey results of Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus to species distribution modeling by seasons in the Anyang stream network. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model evaluated that both species extended potential distribution area in October compared to July from 89.1% (12,110,675 m²) to 99.3% (13,625,525 m²) for M. salmoides and 76.6% (10,407,350 m²) to 100% (13,724,225 m²) for L. macrochirus. The prediction value by streams was varied according to species and seasons. Also, models elucidate the significant environmental variables which affect the distribution by seasons and species. Our results identified the potential of eDNA methodology as a way to retrieve species data effectively and use data for building a model.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco. These were used to challenge 20 durum wheat genotypes via artificial inoculation of plant roots under controlled conditions. The isolate virulence was determined by three traits (roots browning index, stem browning index, and severity of root rot). An alpha-lattice design with three replicates was used, and the resulting ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of isolate (I), genotype (G), and G × I interaction. A total of four response types were observed (R, MR, MS, and S) revealing that different genes in both the pathogen and the host were activated in 53% of interactions. Most genotypes were susceptible to eight or more isolates, while the Moroccan cultivar Marouan was reported resistant to three isolates and moderately resistant to three others. Similarly, the Australian breeding line SSD1479-117 was reported resistant to two isolates and moderately resistant to four others. The ICARDA elites Icaverve, Berghisyr, Berghisyr2, Amina, and Icaverve2 were identified as moderately resistant. Principal component analysis based on the genotypes responses defined two major clusters and two sub-clusters for the 10 F. culmorum isolates. Isolate Fc9 collected in Khemis Zemamra was the most virulent while isolate Fc3 collected in Haj-Kaddour was the least virulent. This work provides initial results for the discovery of differential reactions between the durum lines and isolates and the identification of novel sources of resistance.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Background: The positive effects of Arctic plants on the soil environment and plant-species co-occurrence patterns are known to be particularly important in physically harsh environments. Although three dominant plants (Cassiope tetragona, Dryas octopetala, and Silene acaulis) are abundant in the Arctic ecosystem at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, few studies have examined their occurrence patterns with other species and their buffering effect on soil-temperature and soil-moisture fluctuation. To quantify the plant-species co-occurrence patterns and their positive effects on soil environments, I surveyed the vegetation cover, analyzed the soil-chemical properties (total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, and soil organic matter) from 101 open plots, and measured the daily soil-temperature and soil-moisture content under three dominant plant patches and bare soil. Results: The Cassiope tetragona and Dryas octopetala communities increased the soil-temperature stability; however, the three dominant plant communities did not significantly affect the soil-moisture stability. Non-metric multidimensional scaling separated the sampling sites into three groups based on the different vegetation compositions. The three dominant plants occurred randomly with other species; however, the vegetation composition of two positive co-occurring species pairs (Oxyria digyna-Cerastium acrticum and Luzula confusa-Salix polaris) was examined. The plant species richness did not significantly differ in the three plant communities. Conclusions: The three plant communities showed distinctive vegetation compositions; however, the three dominant plants were randomly and widely distributed throughout the study sites. Although the facilitative effects of the three Arctic plants on increases in the soil-moisture fluctuation and richness were not quantified, this research enables a deeper understanding of plant co-occurrence patterns in Arctic ecosystems and thereby contributes to predicting the shift in vegetation composition and coexistence in response to climate warming. This research highlights the need to better understand plant-plant interactions within tundra communities.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제72권
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• pp.25-48
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• 2022

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 "비판적 상관관계신학 유형"(쉐릴, 힐트너, 브라우닝), "해석학적 유형"(그룸, 거킨), "신앙공동체적 형성 유형"(웨스터호프, 켐벨) 등과 같은 20세기 후반에 등장한 실천신학의 대표적인 세 가지 모델에 대한 비판적 고찰이다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 먼저, 각 유형별로 기독교교육학, 목회상담학, 그리고 설교학 분야에서 2-3명의 대표적 학자를 선별하여 중심 사상을 유형별 특징과 연관하여 논의하였다. 그리고 시대적 상황에 대한 응답, 신학과의 관계, 학제적 대화, 그리고 실천이라는 주제를 중심으로 각 유형들에 대한 비판적 평가를 시도하였다. 결론 및 제언 : 각 유형들에 대한 연구를 통하여 실천신학으로서 오늘의 기독교교육의 핵심 과제는 포스트 시대의 여러 도전에 대한 적극적 응답, 오늘의 다양한 신학과의 상호적 대화, 횡단적 합리성에 기초한 학제적 대화, 개인적, 교회적, 사회적, 공적, 생태적, 더 나아가 디지털 차원까지 포괄하는 기독교적 실천 개념의 정립 등임을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

Background: The most hazardous wastewater sources in the northern part of the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt; receiving a massive amount of agricultural, industrial, and sewage drainage are Kitchener drain which is one of the tallest drainage systems, and Burullus Lake which represents the 2nd largest Egyptian coastal lake. Results: The current work is to determine the abundance and frequency of cyanophytes, chlorophytes, and bacillariophytes and the correlation between them and environmental abiotic components. Among sixty nine microalgal species, 19 species are belong Cyanophyta, 26 belong Chlorophyta and 24 belong Bacillariophyta. Genus Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta) was the most abundant in the study area (13 species), followed by Genus Oscillatoria (9 species) and Genus Navicula (7 species). Nostoc muscorum and Chlorella vulgaris were the most common and recorded in all sites (100% of the locations) under study. The application of the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis revealed agglomerating of 4 groups (communities) at 4th level of classification and reasonable segregation between these groups. Zinc, cadmium and lead were showed the highest levels (0.26±0.03, 0.26±0.06, and 0.17±0.01 ppm, respectively). Conclusions: The correlation analysis between water and community variables indicated a high negative correlation of total algae richness with nickel (r = -0.936, p < 0.01). Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta were correlated negatively (r = -0.842, p < 0.01). However, Chlorophyta showed a negative richness with each of Ni and Pb (r = -0.965, -0.873, respectively) on one hand and a high positive correlation was revealed (r = 0.964) with all environmental variables on the other hand.