• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.627-636
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• 1993

The so-called northern Agricultural Engineering of Farmer's courtyard Energy Ecological System is a courtyard-type energy ecological synthetic application system, that combines into one the biogas pool, pig house, toilet and plastic -membrane greenhouse in a fully-closed condition in farmer's court yard, a combination of farming with breeding industry, with bioga as the key linkage , by taking full advantage of solar energy and through bioenergy conversion technique in accordance with ecological principle.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.621-629
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• 2013

Desertification monitoring as a main portion for understand desertification, have been conducted by many scientists. However, the stage of research remains still in the level of comparison of the past and current situation. In other words, monitoring need to focus on finding methods of how to take precautions against desertification. In this study, Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI), derived from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), was utilized to observe the distribution change of vegetation. The index can be used to monitor drought occurrences at a regional level for a special period of a year, and it can also be used to study the spatial distribution of drought within the region. Techniques of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) were combined to detect the distribution change of vegetation with VTCI. As a result, assuming that the moisture condition is the only main factor that affects desertification, we found that the distribution of vegetation in Bulgan, Mongolia could be predicted in a certain degree, using VTCI. Although desertification is a complicated process and many factors could affect the result. This study is helpful to provide a strategic guidance for combating desertification and allocating the use of the labor force.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to detect the protection area around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains for making a sustainable ecological network. The protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains was analyzed by using spatial data and a field survey for landscape conservation purposes. A survey scope was fixed using digital elevation model, and the protection area was finally determined based on the parcel map called as the Korea Land Information System (KLIS). Here we have several conclusions in this study. First, spatial data used in this study were a map of ecological and natural degree (MEND), forest distribution map, elevation map, slope map, and several maps for the protection area assigned by laws regarding to the natural resources. Second, we used 4 alternatives to determine the best choice for showing the ecological network in the study area. One alternative (alt. 3) of 4 ones was finally chosen as the best condition for making the ecological network. The condition in elevation and slope was a little modified to a lower level in alt, 3. The result derived from alt, 3 reflected the continuity and connectivity in the ecological network and we estimate that the protection area can protect the core area using the buffer zone around the ecological network. Finally the parcel-based protection area in the Geum-buk and Geum-nam Mountains had $493.92km^2$ of the core area, and $233.99km^2$ of the buffer zone, which means the parcel-based protection area increased by $97.76km^2$ in the core area, but decreased by $76.61km^2$ as of in the topographical map.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.1-23
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• 2005

This study proposes design factors for Korean style ecological apartment for application in Cheongju. Library and internal surveys were performed to summarize the concept of locality in housing and to determine the present condition of apartment estates which were introduced with design factors according to locality, traditionalism, or ecology, fold surveys were carried out at 10 apartment estates to investigate the present condition of management and residents's un. The interviewees were concierges and representative residents. The following design factors for Korean style ecological apartment to be applied in Cheongju were proposed; layout and building shape according to climate as natural environment, landscape factors according to cultural assets as human environment, adolescent spaces according to population as social environment, road plan according to 'Cheongju Garosu-Gil' civil environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.331-334
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to present suitable an ecological backhouse in the rural area. In order to design an ecological backhouse we investigated the backhouse in actual rural village, classfication by type, scale and condition etc. Finally, we made an ecological backhouse's model for rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study is to clarify the actual conditions of high school of environment friendly architecture per ecological environment elements through extracting ecological environment elements which is possible to analyze in quantity certification standards of environment friendly architecture. As the method of the study, First, certification as an examination on certification system of environment-friendly architecture, summary of certification system of environment friendly architecture and certification high school, ecological environment elements which is possible for quantitative analysis of ecological environment certification standards were extracted. Second, actual condition of ecological environment elements per non-certification high school by collecting actual data of certification schools environment friendly architecture were analyzed and the results are as the follows. The average of ecological area ratio was 17.8 percent in case of non-certification school facilities it was analyzed that the natural based green area ratio was 17.5 percent, continuous green axis length ratio was 19.0 percent and roof green garden area ratio was 0 percent.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

In order to investigate effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature on the ecological niche of Quercus serrata in Korea. We divided experimental condition in the greenhouse that are control (ambient condition) and treatment with elevated $CO_2$ (approximately 1.6 above than control) and increased air temperature (approximately $2.2^{\circ}C$ above than control). We measured twenty kind characters of seedlings and calculated the ecological niche breadth. As a result, the ecological niche breadth, treatment was widened in the light gradient than the control, was narrowed in the moisture and nutrient gradient. This is may be predicted when the global warming progress, Q. serrata is increases resistance to light environment, and decrease resistance to moisture and nutrient environment. According to the principal component analysis (PCA), control and treatment were arranged based on factor 1 and 2 in each environment gradients. Ecological response is involved variety characters. Among them, indicating that Characters of production is involved in many a parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present the legal object in the related legislation taking the present condition of the domestic laws and the leading cases connected with ecological restoration materials and analyzing their properties according to the analytic standards which are legal class and ecological restoration material items, the present condition by the field of ecological restoration business, interrelationship between the law and the leading cases, comparison of the domestic laws with the foreign regulations. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Detailed enforcement regulation(36.5% of totals), enforcement regulation(32.4%) and law(31.1%) as legal class of the domestic legislation relating to ecological restoration materials are in the order of frequency that shows the little strong frequency at low-ranking class. By items, the number of legislation relating to planting material holds about majority, next to it, stone material, soil material and wood material are in the order of frequency. 2) By the field of ecological restoration business, legislation relating to administration forms the highest frequency(36.3% of totals), next to it, material properties(23.4%), plan design(13.0%) are in the order of frequency. 3) For the number of the leading cases by items of ecological restoration materials, those are, for the most part, them relating to planting material(93.8% of totals). The number of legislation relating to planting material forms the highest frequency at laws and the leading cases in common. 4) The domestic legislation connected with ecological restoration materials is mainly to be in legal class of the positive law, on the contrary, a foreign country has legislation widely consisted of laws, ordinances and other general regulations. Some foreign country legislated the topsoil conservation act, but not to domestic. The result of this study will be applied to legislature and court as reference materials, and to the public and public officer as a means of an understanding of ecological restoration materials.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.747-757
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of the stream, especially Mugeo and Yeochon which are being changed to ecological stream by Ulsan city, and to acquire the considerations such as the planning element and plan criteria of the streams for making ecological stream system. Water quality, water quantity, vegetation, in stream structures and facilities, and land usage of the streams were investigated and the build up capabilities of ecological stream for the two streams were also analyzed. Planning elements for restoration to ecological stream included physical and biological purification methods in water quality, short term water acquire alternatives in water quantity, and vegetation recovery plan and improvement of habitation environment in ecological system, respectively. Planing elements in physical structures and facilities also included recovery of concrete levee and removal and recovery of covered channel.