• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

PAJU Book City Plan was designed to integrate two concepts of "Publishing Productive City" and "Ecological City" with the goal of "bringing of human being and nature together". This research on the post occupancy evaluation on PAJU Book City has two aims; One is to define how people, mainly working there rather than living, recognize the city and the other is to identify the problems resulted from the first phase of planning process and to suggest feasible solutions at the same time. It would be desirable that the outcome of this research should be used as data sources to improve the second phase of the plan. The evaluation criteria were created by the pre-survey on the basis of previous researches and "Pa Ju publishing city architectural design guide book (1999)". With those criteria, on-site questionnaire was conducted among people who work in PAJU Book City and stratified sampling was used for the proper sampling. The result is as follows; the visual-aesthetic criteria had positive response, which also closely related to a city satisfaction. Considering this result, construction type, circumferential environment of the building and a place of building form were found appropriate. The evaluation on the physical-ecological criteria was relatively low. Respondents were unsatisfied with green space and required better ecological waterway and more roadside tree. As green space was given a lot of weight in satisfaction survey, more green urban areas should be planned in the next phase. The evaluation on the social-behavior criteria got the lowest score. Particularly, the accessibility and convenient facilities were remarkably low. Nonetheless, the self-conceit about PAJU Book City was highly evaluated and played a crucial role in a city satisfaction. In order to achieve the goal, physical beauty, characteristics as a publication city as well as an ecologically sustainable city should be main agenda in the second phase of Paju Book City Plan. Consequently, it is important to strike a balance between the external environment and image media in order that PAJU Book City should be re-born as a culture city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of environmental capacity in Yong-in City, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea through calculation of ecological footprint indices and analysis of their changes, and to suggest implications for urban development and planning. In this study, we analyzed ecological footprints of 1993, 2003, and 2013 to understand the patterns of land use changes and development in Yong-in City. We also compared the GIS land cover maps and ecological footprint indices to figure out land cover changes associated with resource consumption in Yong-in City. As a result, we found the following three lessons. First, the ecological footprint indices of Yong-in City are 3.20(gha) in 1993, 6.50(gha) in 2003, and 11.15(gha) in 2013. This implies that the ecological footprint of Yong-in City is much larger than 1.80(gha), the globally required ecological footprint per capita and 3.56(gha), the average ecological footprint of South Korea. Second, the forest ecological footprint of Yong-in City was calculated as the largest, followed by the ecological footprints of energy, food, and built environment. In particular, the forest ecological footprint was the most rapidly increased from 0.002(gha) in 1993 to 7.32(gha) in 2013, followed by energy ecological footprint from 0.87(gha) to 2.38(gha). This implies that the provision and consumption of timber are seriously unbalanced, and energy consumption is unsustainable because of the rapid increase of residential and commercial land development in the city. Third, our analysis of the rapid increase of forest ecological footprint indicates that the disturbed forest areas are concentrated in the increased built environment areas. We also observed that the increase of energy ecological footprint indices was caused largely by the increase of the commercial and road areas. This implies that Yong-in City should minimize forest disturbance and expand green areas for future in the city. In addition, this may provide a reasonable ground that the city should reduce the use of fossil fuels and facilitate the use of renewable energy.

• Architectural research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

While the ideal universality of the modern period has achieved outstanding results in terms of establishing sanitary cities in contemporary urban environments, it has caused the decline of the genius loci. This study raises the question of the lost sense of place and proposes a solution, 'The Human-Environmental Ecological City'. The Human-Environmental Ecological City, called 'Ecoumenal City', does not provide a fake idealism with the conclusion of modernity of non-place or sense of place without modernity. It is both cosmological and geogenic, and the technology of the time is projected onto it human-environmentally. It does not pursue any more a urban planning as the overall work of an individual, but it aims at a balance rediscovered through the individual spontaneousness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2001

The author has analyzed the ecological problems caused by city development and the comprehensive benefits of green space(e.g. ecological, social and economic benefits). The important role of green space in city sustainable development was discussed. Through benefits analysis of green space in city development in Kunming City, the author offered specific measures for green space protection in Kunming: strengthen plant management according to law; enhance nation awareness of plant protection; rationally plan city green land system;and use scientific forms of green land.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-83
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• 1998

With the launch of a new millenium of the 21st century ahead, one of tasks that need to be considered in urban ecological aspect is the understanding of impact of continuing urbanization on urban ecosystem, habitats, and various species of animals and plants. In addition, alternatives and measures to mitigate these impacts including environment restoration should be pursued. In this article, the following points will be reviewed; 1) the definition and significance of an eco-city and "ecological network", 2) the necessity of an eco-network as one of factors composing an eco-city, in the aspects of urban planning and urban ecology, 3) ways to build an urban ecological network and example of foreign countries, 4) as an example of a city in Korea, the present state and impending tasks of the ecological network of Seoul city, and 5) a brief conclusion and suggestion. By providing a basic tool called "an ecological network" for urban space planning, it attempts to contribute in promoting networking of cities (netropolis) and urban biodiversity. It is believed that how to create an ecological network in an artificially developed urban area is a pending issue we are faced with. Herein lies the necessity of natural environment restoration and creation based on the so-called the Third Ecology. Regarding the efforts to return the Nature to urban citizens, there is a need to view the development of a desirable urban ecological network as the starting point and finishing point of the effort. In this way, it is believed that the objectives of urban sustainability through netropolis development would also be achieved.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

In order to improve the urban ecological environment, the central government has developed a series of water pollution control policies and measures since April 2015, and required local governments to complete the work of the polluted river and lake restoration within specified period. Moreover, the polluted river and lake restoration has been selected as a key evaluation indicator of achievements of the sponge city construction implemented since April 2015. This paper describes how to apply the sponge city construction technology to rehabilitate the polluted rivers and lakes through the polluted water treatment project in Xinghan New Area, Hanzhong and the polluted Huaguping River restoration project in Pingshan District, Shenzhen. The experience and lessons of the polluted river and lake restoration are summed up. Some measures to solve existing problems are put forward.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.513-524
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• 2009

Urban land consolidation, which is to reform land parcels to remove fragmentation and produce ideal blocks, is an effective means for urban renewal. Successful urban land consolidation brings out great benefits to the city officials as well as general public, such as improved city image, increased land value, and more effective land use. However, urban land consolidation can be detrimental to environment, especially in the ecological aspects, while the execution of land consolidation has been focused solely on development for the sake of human benefits. To remove negative effects of urban land consolidation to the ecological system, this paper is intended to establish a set of criteria for evaluating ecological impacts of an urban land consolidation plan. Firstly, key ecological indicators are identified using a special group decision-making process called "habitual domain analysis" and then individual weighting of each indicator is recorded by analytical hierarchy process. An urban ecological evaluation model with 4 levels and 23 indicators is thus developed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

Industrialization and development of technology satisfied various humanly needs and lay the basis of numerous benefit and profit. New technologies like these mostly required large amounts of fossil Fuel, Fossil energy depletion rate was increasing rapidly. However, technical development for Human race required absolute sacrifice of the environment. Especially, 'City' which had been focused as stage of human activities, allowed to continue to have fossil energy dependent activities, and it shows in many data that the city is responsible for the 75-80% of the green house gas by human. In order to solve the problem relating climate changes and energy, European countries already made progress studies on many of the low carbon green city and pilot case construction. Especially, Germany, Austria, Holland, Sweden who had been playing leader role on environmental awareness and ecological concept, are actively constructing low carbon green city project based on Ecological city planning scheme. These projects positively utilize planning scheme that limits carbon emission using Urban Metabolism concept. Therefore, throughout this study, I would like to present planning and direction of future domestic low carbon green city by analyzing theories relative theories and best practices in Europe.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

It is certain that urbanization has transformed the ecological consequences severely, but urban ecosystem is not fully understood yet. Urban growth is not like a static form and it spreads spatially and temporally. Therefore in studying urban ecosystem, it is important to relate the spatial pattern of urbanization to ecological processes. Using gradient analysis, we attempted to quantify the urbanization's spatial impacts in Daejeon-city and Cheonan-city, Chungcheong-province, Korea. Because of Multifunctional Administrative City Planning (MACP), a lot of development projects are planned in Chungcheong-province, Korea. It's important to study about original cities' patterns and impacts. These results can be adopted to future city planning. So several measures such as fragmentation, vegetation index, surface temperature, population density, and income rate were computed along a 75km long and 3km wide transect. The results showed that Daejeon-city has a wider urban center, lower vegetation indexes, and higher surface temperature than Cheonan-city. Therefore in the perspective of urban environments and sustainable urbanism, it seems that Cheonan-city is better than Daejeon-city. The changes along the transect have important ecological implications, and quantifying the urbanization gradient is an important step in understanding urban ecology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.177-181
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• 2005

The concept of Eco-city is to protect the city against development, trash, and industrialization. But the sprawl phenomenon of urbanization and industrialization are accompanied by the environment destruction. Therefore the importance and definition of eco-city were suggested. And to restore the urban ecological network, the prototype direction of eco-city at YongJeonDong in DaejeonCity were suggested in this study. It is believed that how to create an eco-city is an artificially developed $\square\square$Yong-Jun Dong$\square\square$ is a pending issue we are faced with situation. Herein lies the necessity of natural environment restoration and creation based on the so-called the Third Ecology