• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.481-492
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• 2023

The ecofriendly lifestyle has attracted considerable support for sustainable development. Natural dyes, as sustainable products, have become a research focus and development area for many scientists. Ecofriendly processing also supports circular sustainable development. This study effectively obtained tannins as a natural dye from merbau (Intsia bijuga) sawdust using water as an ecofriendly solvent. Merbau sawdust is an underutilized industrial waste. Temperature and solid-solvent ratio variations were performed to extract tannins from merbau sawdust. Temperature and solid-solvent ratio positively affected solution yield and tannin concentration. The optimal condition was identified using response surface methodology and experimental observations. A yield of 0.2217 g tannins/g merbau was obtained under the conditions of 333.15 K and 0.125 solid-solvent ratio. Extraction was controlled by convective mass transfer at the interface of solid particles.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.274-283
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• 2011

Effect of pH on ozone oxidation and peroxone AOP(Advanced Oxidation Process) process was analyzed and the optimal efficiency for both processes was obtained at pH 7.5. In case of ozone oxidation process, the efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ removal were measured to 93%, 70% and 89% at a reaction time of 50 min(ozone dosage of 111.67mg/$\ell$). When reaction time increased to 90 min(ozone dosage of 201mg/$\ell$), the efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ removal were increased by 3~5 %, indicating that the increment of removal efficiency was insignificant considering longer reaction time. Similarly, the ozone/$H_2O_2$ ratio was optimized to 0.5 for peroxone AOP process. Removal efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ were measured 95%, 81% and 94% at a reaction time of 50 min(ozone dosage of 111.67mg/$\ell$). When reaction time increased to 90min(ozone dosage of 201mg/$\ell$), the removal efficiency of color, CODMn, and BOD5 increased slightly by 1~5%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2014

A study was carried out to identify the life cycle of Adoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortrididae) that inflicts tea tree leaves in Korea and selected three ecofriendly pesticides (Common name for commercial: Essential oil, Nemacatch, and Wormstop in Korean Farmers' Market) of A. orana for pest control. A. orana appeared to follow four life cycle phases a year; each presenting varying developmental periods dependent on seasonal and environmental factors. The fecundity of A. orana female was $24.6{\pm}4.10$ for $1^{st}$, $36.7{\pm}12.77$ for$ 2^{nd}$, and $27.9{\pm}4.22$ for $3^{rd}$ phase during 2011, while it was $65.0{\pm}32.72$, $49.7{\pm}30.27$, $63.8{\pm}27.22$ for corresponding phases during 2012. The average longevity of adult A. orana was 7.72 days. The average number of eggs deposited by each female in this study group was 44.62 with an average of 2.47. In three selected ecofriendly pesticides, the mortality of A. orana on treating with the Essential oil [The essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtuse (100%)] and Nemacatch [Azadirachtin 800-900 ppm (75%)] were 36.67% and 43.33% after 3 days and were 48.30% and 56.67% after 7days, respectively. Besides, the mortality of A. orana on treating with Wormstop [Azadirachtin 500 ppm (5%) and Salannin+Liminoids (95%)] was 61.67% and 78.33% after 3 and 7 days, respectively. Therefore, the application of Wormstop was the most useful to control the diseases caused by A. orana.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales. Rusts can affect a variety of plants. Development of new effective and environmentally benign agents against rusts is of great interest. In this study, we investigated the disease control efficacy of the emulsion concentrate (EC10) and wettable powder (WP20) type formulations of the extract of Magnolia officinalis (Magjia90; containing honokiol and magnolol at 90%) against rust diseases of perilla and zoysiagrass in fields. The treatment of EC10 and WP20 of Magjia90 showed control values of 47.9% to 69.6% and Magjia90-WP20 reduced more effectively the development of rust symptoms on perilla plants than Magjia90-EC10. Magjia90-WP20 also highly suppressed zoysiagrass rust with control values of 65.7% to 80.5%. On the other hand, no harmful effect of Magjia90-EC10 and Magjia90-WP20 was observed on the perilla and zoysiagrass plants tested. The results strongly indicate that the extract of M. officinalis (Magjia90) can be used as a natural fungicide for the control of rust diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

A bacterial strain antagonistic to some fungal phytopathogens was isolated from the stem of a Persimmon tree in Yeongam, Korea. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and designated as B. subtilis GDYA-1. In in vivo experiment, the fermentation broth exhibited antifungal activities against Magnaporthe oryzae on rice plants, Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants, and Puccinia recondita on wheat plants. We isolated one antifungal compound and its chemical structure was determined by mass and $^1H$-NMR spectral data. The antifungal substance was identified as benzoic acid. It inhibited mycelial growth of M. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and P. capsici with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values, ranging from 62.5 to 125 ${\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, the substance effectively suppressed Phytophthora blight of red pepper caused by P. capsici in a pot experiment. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal activity of benzoic acid against phytopathogenic fungi. Benzoic acid and B. subtilis GDYA-1 may contribute to environmental-friendly protect crops from phytopathogenic fungi.

• Fashion Information and Technology
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• v.7
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• pp.2-9
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• 2010

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.2139-2142
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• 2014

A one-pot, facile and ecofriendly approach to the fabrication of covalently fluorinated graphene using mild reaction conditions is reported. This straightforward and efficient strategy allows fluorine groups to be covalently and stably anchored onto graphene to produce single-layer functionalized graphene sheets from a graphene oxide precursor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.179-179
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• 2023

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.362-371
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• 2018

Chemical insecticides released into the environment may have adverse biological effects. Therefore, there is a need for ecofriendly insecticides for mosquito control. Xerophytic plant extracts that may provide more ecofriendly active component were evaluated against Culex pipiens 4th instars. Plant extracts prepared using different solvents with a Soxhlet apparatus and different concentrations were tested against Culex pipiens larvae. The effects were observed at 24 h and 72 h intervals and $LD_{50}$ and $LD_{90}$ values determined. Chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of Althaea ludwigii were the most effective against Cx. pipiens $4^{th}$ instars, but were highly dependent on extract concentrations and exposure time. Results suggest that A. ludwigii extracts contain bioactive compounds, such as phenols and saponins, that may provide effective Cx. pipienslarval control. However, the extract was found to be toxic to zebrafish larvae, and may be toxic to other aquatic fauna. Further studies to determine the active components and toxicity to other fauna are needed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.981-983
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• 2010

The condensation of several aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with 2-aminothiophenol catalyzed by silica sulfuric acid under microwave irradiation afforded 2-arylbenzothiazoles in high yields and short reaction times under solvent-free conditions. The major advantages of the present method are good yields, ecofriendly, reusable catalyst, mild and solvent-free reaction conditions.