• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.445-455
• /
• 2014

The pear sucker (Cacopsylla pyricola) is the most important insect pest in Korea. The hatching rates of overwintered adults laid eggs were observed at 10, 13, 18, and $22^{\circ}C$. The liner model was draw as Y=0.00277X+0.00146(Y=developmental rate, X=temperature) about temperature and developmental rate to eggs. The developmental threshold temperature to eggs was assumed about $-0.83^{\circ}C$. The egg hatching timing over 50% as the accumulated temperature by day maximum temperature $6^{\circ}C$ over from 1st February in 2008, 2009 and 2011 was 429.7, 417.6, and 424.3 degree $^{\circ}C$, respectively, was 3 to 7days before full blooming in pear orchard. On the other hand, the abamectin 1.8EC, lime sulfer, machine oil and 13 kinds of eco-friendly materials were not shown the control effect to the eggs. To mixed stage of pear sucker, the eco-friendly materials over 90% control value were 4 kinds such as a mixture of Azadiractin A+B, Nimbin, Salanin, Meliantriol and Vepol after twice application as 21st May and 5th June in pear growing season, in 2012.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.629-647
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic rice production using gelatin chitin microorganisms in eco-friendly complex, Gongsan, Naju city. The soil condition of experiment paddy field was Jeonbuk series and silt loam with a slightly poor drainage. Except for the high effective silicate, the chemical characteristics of soils used were included in the optimum range of paddy soils in Korea. In growth, plant length, tiller number, ear number, and ear length were observed to be higher in conventional paddy fields than organic paddy fields. However, number of grain per panicle and grain filling ratio (%) were higher in organic paddy fields than conventional paddy fields. Incidences of diseases and insect pests were slightly higher in the organic paddy fields. Water weevil, sheath blight, rice leaf roller and rice blast were more occurred in organic paddy field. On the other hand, false smut was higher occurred in conventional paddy field. There was a significant negative correlation between rice sheath blight and rice leaf roller, and rice yield. In the milled rice quality, the quality of organically cultivated milled rices was lower by the increase of broken rice than that of conventionally cultivated milled rices. The quality and palatability of rice were higher in organic cultivation with decreasing of protein content. Net income of conventionally and organically cultivated rice was 360,000 won/10a and 610,000 won/10a, respectively. Premium net income of the organically cultivated rice was 68%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.413-426
• /
• 2023

These experiments were conducted for 3 years from 2021 to 2023 to develop a method that can be safely used to prevent the leakage of Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) from eco-friendly rice plantations. In the southern part of Jeollanam-do, after planting rice, the young golden apple snails placed in the rice field become adults around mid-July and begin spawning. These individuals can overwinter in drains that do not dry out, but individuals hatched after mid-July will not mature enough to overwinter. The size of golden apple snails overwintered in the drainage canal was more than 2.5cm in shell height. Installing a net at the inlet could block 95% of the inflow of snails, and 99% of outflow was blocked by installing an improved water trap and net at the drain. During the mid-drying period and pre-harvest drying period, a water path was created with a power paddy pottery machine. 59.5% of snails were attracted to the waterway, and it took 130 minutes to build the waterway and collect the snails. Based on these results, seasonal paddy management tips for the safe use of giant snails in rice fields were suggested.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2000

Agricultural extension services in YoungDong county, ChungBuk province have tried and changed many things to overcome difficult situations since localization of extension services in 1997. The county Rural Guidance Office changed the name of the office as county Agricultural Technology & Extension Center (ATEC), and has been operated as a service center for all people who need help in agriculture. The recent efforts of the ATEC have been placed on eco-friendly agriculture and sustainable agriculture for protecting the natural environment of the county as well as production of safe agricultural products. In order to overcame difficult situations under the IMF, the ATEC has tried to find new ways for the extension services because of reduced extension educators under the IMF restructuring. The followings were a few examples of many efforts in various fields to overcome difficult situations in the rural county; 1) The ATEC has supported services to produce safe and high quality agricultural products and to increase their high value through extension services for food processing. 2) The ATEC has opened experimental fields for farmers who want to learn new technologies to cultivate grapes, persimmons, apples and pests etc., specialty fruit trees in the county. 3) The ATEC has implemented many kinds of programs to improve the quality of the extension educators to serve better.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2010

Wood material is positive with the concept of eco-friendly materials. Wood toy preference of foreign brands is also a real problem. Therefore, in this domestic situation on Toys Brand Development, there are many problems yet to be solved. At First, a wood material for toys requires the development of more sophisticated and precision materials. Second, new content, product development and training program development of the toys are needed. Characters and content development time and effort should be invested. In present, Korean brand development of wood toy with educational effects is very important issues as the use of wood to match the low carbon & green growth.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.2-22
• /
• 2022

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the representative non-destructive and eco-friendly analysis methods used for rapid analysis of various ingredients in the food industry. To develop analysis model with NIRS, Chemometrics are applied after pre-treatment of spectrum. Many studies have been reviewed on the analysis of general and functional components for agricultural and livestock products. In the case of livestock products, some studies have been conducted for on-line analysis. This study investigated results on various samples and component applying near-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the results according to sample condition were compared. It was confirmed that NIRS is applied to various fields in the food industry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 2017

Lime bordeaux mixture (LBM) and lime sulfur mixture (LSM) are representative environmental friendly organic materials for prevention of insect pests in South Korea. Recently, those have been widely used as an alternative for chemical pesticides in eco-friendly farms. However, South Korea has not established even recommendation of LBM and LSM considering the stability of heavy metals in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of hazardous heavy metals in soil and plant with long-term application of LBM and LSM. Firstly, we investigated the amount of LBM and LSM used per year in several eco-friendly farms to determine a standard application rate of both materials. The pepper plant was grown on the pot in greenhouse for 14 weeks. Both materials were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 9 times of standard application rates (2.56 and $1.28L\;ha^{-1}$ of LBM and LSM per year, respectively). Dry matter yield of pepper and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentration in soil and pepper plant were measured after 14 weeks. Yield of pepper plant did not significantly chang with up to application rate of 1 times, thereafter it markedly decreased with more than 3 times. With increasing LBM and LSM application, the concentration of Cu and Zn in soil significantly increased. Especially, Zn concentration in pepper significantly increased with increasing application rates of both materials. This might resulted in significant decrease in dry matter yield of pepper. The concentrations of those heavy metals in soil did not exceed safety levels ($150mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn) established by the Korean Soil Environmental Conservation Act as well as concentration of heavy metals in pepper plant by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, particular attention should be paid for heavy metal safety and crop productivity when using LBM and LSM in the organic farm.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2014

It was conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on pepper anthracnose in vitro and in vivo. The suppressive efficacy of Bordeaux mixture on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated on PDA, cellophane membranes and pepper fruits, respectively. Furthermore, its control value was evaluated on detached pepper fruits inoculated with C. acutatum by wound and non-wound inoculation method, and in fields. The mycelial growth of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited by 90.0% on PDA amended with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture. While the spore germination of C. acutatum JC24 was inhibited perfectly on cellophane membranes treated at $187{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture, that on fruits inoculated with the pathogen by wound inoculation and non-wound inoculation method was inhibited by 88.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Although the control value on fruits treated with $937{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of Bordeaux mixture was 17.6% in wound inoculation method, it was 58.8% in non-wound inoculation method. In fields, when Bordeaux mixture was sprayed five times at 14 day-intervals, it showed 55.7% and 61.7% of control value in 2012 and 2013, respectively. We think Bordeaux mixture was able to use as an eco-friendly organic farming material to control pepper anthracnose based on the above-mentioned results.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.319-327
• /
• 2016

Chemical pesticides have been used to control persimmon pests, however the overuse of the pesticides caused insect resistance, followed by failure in pest management and residual problems. Herein we investigate the potential of eco-friendly organic pesticides (EFOP) on the control persimmon pests, Stathmopoda masinissa (persimmon fruit moth) and Riptortus pedestris (bean bug). Ten commercially available plant-derived organic pesticides and one microbial pesticide were sprayed on the target insects in laboratory conditions. The chemical pesticide, buprofezin+dinotefuran wettable powder served as a positive control. In the first bioassay against persimmon fruit moth, alternatively Plutella xylostella larvae were used due to the lack of persimmon fruit moth population from fields, and three organic pesticides showed high control efficacy, such as pyroligneous liquor (EFOP-1), the mixture of Chinese scholar tree extract, goosefoot and subtripinnata extracts (EFOP-2) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai NT0423 (EFOP-11). When the three selected organic pesticides were treated on the persimmon fruit moths, the EFOP-2 treatment showed the highest control efficacy: 27.7% (5 days), 13.3% (7 days) and 6.7% (10 days) of survival rates. In the bioassay against bean bugs, the mixture of Chinese scholar tree, goosefoot and subtripinnata extracts (EFOP-2 and EFOP-9) and the extracts of sophora and derris (EFOP-10) showed high control efficacy, particularly the highest in the treatment of EFOP-2: 20.0% (5 days) and 16.7% (10 days) of survival rates. These results suggest that the mixture of Chinese scholar tree, goosefoot and subtripinnata extracts (EFOP-2) has high and multiple potential in the management of the persimmon pests.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2013

With increasing environmental issues from synthetic chemical herbicides, microbe-originated herbicides could be a fascinating alternative in current agriculture. We isolated Streptomyces strains that produced herbicidal active metabolite(s) against a grass weed Digitaria sanguinalis. According to the result from 16S rDNA sequence comparison with the close strains, the best isolate (Code name MS-80673) was identified as Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001. The closest type strain was Streptomyces scopuliridis RB72 which was previously reported as a bacteriocin producer. The optimal culture condition of S. scopuliridis KR-001 was $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and culture period 4 to7 days. Both of soil and foliar application of the crude culture broth concentrate was effective on several troublesome or noxious weed species such as a Sciyos angulatus in a greenhouse and field condition. Phytotoxic symptoms of the culture broth concentrate of S. scopuliridis KR-001 by foliar application were wilting and burndown of leaves, and stems followed by discoloration and finally plant death. In crops such as rice, wheat, barley, hot pepper and tomato, growth inhibition was observed. These results suggest that the new S. scopuliridis KR-001 strain producing herbicidal metabolites may be a new bio-herbicide candidate and/or may provide a new lead molecule for a more efficient herbicide.