• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.653-662
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• 2008

This study has been performed to analyze nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and eating habits of the elementary- and middle- school students (n = 342) according to student's stage of regular breakfast or exercise. Middle school students had higher nutrition knowledge than primary school students. Total dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were not different by school year and gender. Nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary habit scores were positively correlated each other. By the stage of regular breakfast, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 13.6%, contemplation 2.1%, preparation 15.7%, action 11.5% and maintenance stage 59.1%. By the stage of regular exercise, the pre-contemplation stage comprised 20.9%, contemplation 7.3%, preparation 45.6%, action 9.8% and maintenance stage 16.4%. According to the stage of change, movement from the pre-contemplation and contemplation to upper stage increased the dietary self-efficacy score. Dietary habit score increased significantly across the five stages of changes. The results of this study indicate differences in stages of changes in breakfast intake and regular exercise and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition education.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.579-589
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the eating habit, body image, and weight control behavior by BMI in Korean female high school students. Data on the 16,574 subjects was obtained from the sixth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2010). Only 52.2% of the subjects had regular breakfast. The rate of skipping breakfast was higher in the underweight group than in the obese group, but the rate of skipping dinner was on the contrary to this. Underweight students had a higher intake frequency of fruits, fast food, instant noodle, and snacks than the obese groups. 3.5% of underweight students considered themselves to be overweight or obese. 53.4% of obese students considered themselves to be overweight. The experience of weight control increased according to BMI, but underweight students considered weight control as an effort to be slimmer. Meal restriction was used more frequently to control weight. The perceived stress level was higher in obese student, especially due to appearance. Therefore, an appropriate, integrated and personalized high school nutrition program should be established for proper body image perception and to develop the self-esteem of female high school students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is a descriptive study to contribute to children health improvement by finding out the actual state of breakfast and related features of skipping breakfast. Method: The subjects of this study were 724 children. The collected data were analyzed through real numbers, percentage, mean and standard deviation, cross tabulation, χ2-test and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0. Result: The rate of the children's skipping breakfast recorded 48.6%. Related Factors to skipping breakfast were sex, income, mother's education level and father's education level. 53.1% of girls skipped breakfast. In case of the group their family's income was over 3 million won/month andtheir father graduated college, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. In groups having breast with rice, soup and side dishes, getting up before 7 A.M. and having good eating habit, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. Conclusion: It is necessary to induce a desirable breakfast habit by health education about the importance and necessity of breakfast. Therefore, it is supposed that parents should pay attention to their children to form the right eating habits and encourage them not to skip breakfast.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Korean adults have dietary habits of eating full three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner evenly. The latest survey showed that people who have dinner most was 61.8%, and who have lunch most was 30.8% and then breakfast most was 7.4%. The Korean Nutrition Association suggests that daily required amount of salt intake is 3,450 mg (8.7 g). But the daily amount of salt intake of Korean people is 15 ${\sim} 20 g which surpasses the required amount. needed with 15 ~20g a day, which is usually formed before the age 6 as a dietary habit. When Koreans eat out, they choose Korean food(80.5%), Chinese food(7.0%), Western food(4.5%), fast food(4.8%), etc.(3.1%). The monthly frequency of the urban adults' eating out indicated 32.6% 'seldom', 41.1% 'less than 5 times monthly', 15.6% '5-10 times', 10.8% 'more than 10 times'. Most of them responded less than 5 times a month for eating out. If we look into dietary habits of the urban adults, the monthly eating out frequency of the respondents, was 73.6% of eating out by less than 5 times a month and was 74.9% of the respondents dine regularly.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.55-71
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• 2005

Korean adults have dietary habits of eating full three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner evenly. The latest survey showed that people who have dinner most was 61.8%, and who have lunch most was 30.8% and then breakfast most was 7.4%. The Korean Nutrition Association suggests that daily required amount of salt intake is 3,450 mg (8.7 g). But the daily amount of salt intake of Korean people is 15 ~ 20 g which surpasses the required amount. needed with 15 ~20g a day, which is usually formed before the age 6 as a dietary habit. When Koreans eat out, they choose Korean food(80.5%), Chinese food(7.0%), Western food(4.5%), fast food(4.8%), etc.(3.1%). The monthly frequency of the urban adults' eating out indicated 32.6% 'seldom', 41.1% 'less than 5 times monthly', 15.6% '5-10 times', 10.8% 'more than 10 times'. Most of them responded less than 5 times a month for eating out. If we look into dietary habits of the urban adults, the monthly eating out frequency of the respondents, was 73.6% of eating out by less than 5 times a month and was 74.9% of the respondents dine regularly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high$(1.51\;times\;per\;a\;day,\;459.8{\mu}l)$, 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.7 s.209
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• pp.67-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to survey the concern for nutrition and the degree of nutritional knowledge of elementary school children's parents and their perception on the eating habits of their children. This study also investigated the effects of the concern for nutrition and the nutritional knowledge on the eating habits of their children. The questionnaire was answered by 383 mothers and fathers in the Kyonggi area. The general nutritional attitude and the perception of their children's eating habits were represented by frequencies and analyzed tv chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The difference of nutritional knowledge was represented tv mean and S.D. and was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Statistical significance was tested at the 0.05 level. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. 1) Parents had a comparatively deep concern for nutrition and a high level of knowledge. With increasing concern for nutrition, nutritional knowledge tended to be better and the higher proportion of participation in the nutritional education program increased. 2) The majority$(58.5\%)$ of the subjects thought that the eating habit of their children was not appropriate. The subjects had relatively high recognition about their children's eating habits and pointed out the unbalanced diet, snacks, and skipping a meal among their children's eating habits. Nevertheless, there were no significantly differences among the concern for nutrition of the parents and perception on their children's eating habits. As the parents' nutritional attitude, concern for nutrition, and nutritional knowledge can affect the children's eating habits, tire suggest that schools open nutritional education programs for parents in order to acquire proper food and nutrition information, and that schools and homes should be more closely connected.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

Fire fighters should eat their meal very fast in order to arrive in the emergency scene on time. The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of eating speed on the health of the fire fighters. The subjects were fire fighters, National maritime police, soldiers, public officials, university students, and company employees. The fire fighters had the shortest eating time of 8 minutes 29 seconds, and eating speed of National maritime police was 8 minutes 33.17 seconds, and public officials had 12 minutes 49.33 seconds. Soldiers had 10 minutes 15 seconds, university students had 14 minutes 15 seconds, and company employees had 16 minutes 51 seconds in eating their meals. The previous studies said that eating speed had influenced on the metabolic syndrome and the survey on the American fire fighters showed that the fire fighters gained 7.7 pounds during the past 8 years. Through this study, it is necessary to implement the right eating habit that is able to slow down the eating speed in the Korean fire fighters. The Fire Academy should provide the right eating habit education program to the fire fighters.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.656-669
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• 2010

Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

There are many concerns about the smoking among adolescents. Smoking status, smoking habit and dietary habit of high school students were studied using anonymous questionnaires. One hundred fifteen of 380 students(30.3%) have experienced smoking and 58.3% of them initiated it in the middle school, mostly because of the curiosity. The most plausible reasons for smoking were for stress reduction and feel bored. The students who smoked cigarettes were not likely to eat properly and their dietary habits were generally inadequate. The smoking group had less consideration of food balance, more skipping breakfast, more irregular meal time, less snack, and less frequent intake of vegetables. Also one-day dietary records obtained from 24hr recall showed less diverse food intake in smoking students. Considering the risk of poor eating behavior in smoking, nutritional care should be taken to emphasize as well as the smoking prevention and health programs, and more attention needs to be given to the relationship between smoking and the attitude and the behavior of smoking students toward their health, including proper eating habits. Since the results revealed that the majority of smoking students had previously attempted or thought about quitting to smoke, proper support programs that are more comprehensive and not temporal need to be developed.