• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 1997

Governments and industry have a growing interest in the harmonization of environmental test methods and risk assessment procedures. OECD are currently producing a set of harmonised test guidelines for studying the environmental fate and ecological effects of pesticides. FAO has published an environmental risk assessment procedure. This procedure, which is similar to those used in US and Europe, is based on calculating the ratio of the toxicity of a pesticide to indicator organisms to their level of exposure to the pesticide. The exposure depends on both the concentration of the pesticide and its bioavailability. Ratios which indicate a pesticide will not produce a harmful effect have been established using ecological field studies. Examples are presented for assessing the risk to aquatic ecosystems, earthworms and honeybees. Long-term field studies(up to 20 years) have also shown that pesticides can be used indefinitely without harming soil fertility. Herbicides can be used to avoid the ecologically damaging effects of using soil cultivations excessively for weed control.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2005

During the expedition of Uileunsdo Islands, Korea in September 2-4, 2004, a total of seven species were recognized. Of these, one species Amynthas dageletensis sp. nov. is described as new to science. Amynthas degeletensis sp. nov. lacks spermathecal pore, spermathecae, prostates, and male pore. These characteristics are systematically important and unique to the species among Korean members of Amynthas. Description of the new species is provided, including illustrations of ventral view and male pore region.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possiblity of Foodwaste and co-treatment with other waste for vermistabilization. The value of oxidation-reduction potential(Eh) of the dewaterized foodwaste by a plant of subatmospheric evaporation was a possitive(+) value indicating, but the values of pH, salinity was idicating an unfavorable condition for earthworm life. The paper mill mixing waste properties by ripening for 20days were changed into the favorable range for earthworm. The growth of earthworms in foodwaste and mixing waste of paper mill 30% was found to be 68%, 84% for the survival rate, 227%, 275% for the liveweight increasing rate, respectively. The ingestion rate of foodwaste and mixing waste of paper mill 30% indicate 0.72g/g·d, 0.81g/g·d, respectively. About 62∼75% of ingestion amount produce cast and characteristics of cast indicate pH 6.1∼6.5 organic component 34∼42%, salinity 0.35∼0.4, CEC 73∼94 me/100g, N, P, K concentration 0.8∼1.2%, 0.4∼1.6%, 0.43∼0.5% respectively. Therefore it can be evaluated that the casts are good soil condition and organic fertilizer.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.161-164
• /
• 2008

As a result of a taxonomic study on the earthworm material collected from Namat National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NBCA), Hoaphane Province, Laos, a new species, Pithemera viengthongensis sp. novo is described from near Namchong river, Viengthong district. The new species bearing two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9 is not assignable to any other species of Pithemera as defined by Sims and Easton (1972). In the new species, the male pore region has kidney-shaped pads extending between XVII-19/20, the male pores and spermathecal pores are 0.31 circumference apart, and genital papillae are lacking. The ventral view of anterior body region and the spermathecae are illustrated.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 1991

Comparisons of the physico-chemical properties of earthworm(Lumbricus terrestris) soil casts and top soil of red pine forests in a limestone area were carried out. The casts production durign August and September in 1990 amounted to 6∼7t/ha. The particle of top soil and casts ranged 40∼50% and 10∼20% for sand , 25∼30% and 30∼35% for silt, and 20∼25% and 55∼65% clay, respectively. Significant difference in pH value was not observed between casts and top soil. The casts had 1.4times of organic matter, 1.5times of N, 1.8times of available P, 2times of exchangeable K, 1.3times of exchangeable Ca, and 1.6times of exchangeable Mg than the top 10cm of soil did. Earthworms have altered the soil texture and increased nutrient availability through production of the soil casts in this limestone area.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 2013

An earthworm survey of Busan metropolitan area unearthed a dozen taxa in four families (including Enchytraeidae). Members of mostly common, cosmopolitan earthworm species-complexes were: Drawida cf. koreana Kobayashi, 1938, Amynthas cf. corticis (Kinberg, 1867), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dug$\grave{e}$s, 1828) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). Also found were Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895), A. masatakae (Beddard, 1892) and Metaphire ryunome Blakemore, 2012 - the latter a new Korean record. New taxa are: moniligastrid Drawida songae yeongdo subsp. n.; megascolecid Amynthas carnosus roki subsp. n. which is compared to nominal taxon A. carnosus (Goto and Hatai, 1899) from Japan, to A. carnosus monstriferus (Kobayashi, 1936) stat. n. from Korea and to A. lichuanensis Wang and Qiu, 2005 stat. n. from China; plus lumbricid Eisenia japonica vaga subsp. n. deemed an objectively-based molecular taxon on its unique DNA COI gene barcode. Restoration of Eisenia xanthurus (Templeton, 1836) for E. andrei is mooted (in Appendix).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 1973

著者들은 1968, 1971 및 1972년의 3個年間 소백산에서 採集한 지렁이 총 1,850個體를 調査 整理한 결과 Pheretima agrestis, Ph. gucheonensis, Ph. hilgendorfi, Ph. jiriensis, Ph. koreana, Ph. soulensis 및 Ph. susakii patina 의 7기지종과 신종 Ph. planta 와 Ph. sopaikensis 등 총 1屬 9種을 얻었다. 신종 Ph. planta는 체장 105mm., 체폭 5.5mm., 체절수 101개이며, spermathecal pore 2雙으로서 vi체절과 vii 체절 腹面 setal line 바로 위에 位置한다. 또 male pore region의 양모에 있어서 뚜렷한 特徵을 나타내고 있다. 신종 Ph. sopaikensis 는 기지종인 Ph. koreana 다음으로 많은 수가 채집되었으며 체장 80mm., 체폭 4.5mm., 체절수 82개이며 spermathecal pore는 2雙으로서 5/6, 6/7에 位置한다. 특히 xviii 체절 male pore 사이에 雙을 이 불규칙적인 모양의 genital patches 는 본종의 특징이다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 1970

저자들은 1970년 8월에 채집된 거제도산 지렁이 총 251 개체를 정리한 결과 다음 2과 2속 9종을 얻었다. Pheretima acincta, Ph. agrestis, Ph. geojeinsulae n. sp., Ph. gucheonensis n. sp., Ph. heteropoda, Ph. hilgendorfi, Ph. koreana and Ph. soulensis; Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides. 거제도의 지렁이에 관해서는 지금까지 보고된 바 없으므로 이들은 전부 거제도 미기록종이되며 이들 중에는 한국 미기리록종 Ph. acincta(Goto et Hatai, 1899)와 두개의 신종, Ph. geojeinsulae, Ph. gucheonensis를 포함하고 있다. Ph. geojeinsulae는 체장 185-210mm, 체폭 10-12mm, 체절수 125-136개, spermathecal pore는 2雙으로서 5/6 및 6/7에 있다. 본 종은 spermathecal pore region과 male pore region의 모양으로 이 속의 다른 종과는 뚜렷이 구별된다. 또 Ph. gucheonensis는 일본산의 Ph. tappensis Ohfuchi, 1935와 비슷하나 체장이 짧으며 (70:100), 특히 내부의 spermatheca의 모양이 전혀 다를 뿐 아니라 10/11, 11/12의 septa가 있는 점으로 뚜렷이 구별된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1970

제주도산 육서 빈모류의 분류학적 연구는 Kobayashi, S. (小林新二郞)에 依하여 1937년에 Drawida anchingiana, Pheretima kanrazana, Ph. masatakae, Ph. quelparta 등의 4종이 보고 되었고, 다시 1938년에 Dr. japonica, Ph. carnosa, Ph. hupeiensis가 보고 되었을 뿐이다. 저자들은 1966년 및 1969년에 채집된 제주도산 지렁이 총 1045개체를 정리한 결과 다음 2과 2속 11종을 얻었기에 이에 보고 하는 바이다. 제주도 기지종 : Pheretima carnosa, Ph. hupeiensis, Ph. kanrazana, Ph. masatakae, Ph. quelparta. 제주도 미기록종 : Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides, Ph. agrestsi, Ph. heteropoda. Ph. phaselus var. kamitai, Ph. soulensis. 신종 : Ph. seungpanesis n. sp. 신종 pheretima seungpanensis의 체장은 $105 \\sim 120mm$, 체폭은 $5 \\sim 6mm$, 체절수는 $78 \\sim 98$개 spermathecal pore는 2쌍으로서 첫째쌍은 VI체절의 setal line 뒷쪽에서 이 선과 인접해 있으며 두째쌍은 setal line의 앞쪽에 intersegmental furrow에 가까운 부분에서 개구한다. 본종은 spermathecal pore의 위치가 이속의 다른 종에서 보는것 처럼 intersegmental furrow에 개구하지 않는점이 특별하다. 그 뿐 아니라 male pore region의 모양에 있어서도 모든 기지종과 뚜렷이 구별된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 1971

著者들은 1969년 7월 智異山에서 採集된 지렁이 총 500 個體를 調査한 整理한 결과 Pheretima agrestis, Ph. hilgendorfi, Ph. koreana 및 Ph. soulensis의 4기지종과 미기록종 Ph. megascolidioides, 신종 Ph. jiriensis 등 도합 1屬 6種을 얻었다. 신종 Ph. jiriensis 는 체장 153mm., 체폭 8mm., 체절수 103개이며, spermathecal pore는 2雙으로 6/7. 7/8에 위치한다. 본종은 Ph. koreana Kobayashi와 비슷하나 체장이 훨씬길고 (150:100), 체폭도 굵으며, 항상 2雙의 spermathecal pore를 가지는 점 및 내부의 intestinal caecum의 모양과 typhlosole 이 잘 발달하지 않은점 등으로 뚜렷이 구분된다. 미기록종 Ph. megascolidioides 는 지금까지 일본에서만 알려진 종을 체장 200-235mm., 체폭 10-11mm., 체절수 117-121 개이며 spermathecal pore는 5雙으로 4/5-8/9에 있다. 한국산으로서 spermathecal pore를 5雙 가진 것은 처음이다. 본종은 우리나라의 남부지역에서 주로 채집된다.