• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~90% of their time indoor environment like office, supermarket, campus. Therefore Indoor navigation and guidelines system became so essential for most of all. Incase of emergency we must be careful earlier, in such a cases 5G kind of new technology may also cannot work. So immediate action and quick routing notification for guidelines and protection is the most. Considering this issue We proposed indoor evacuating guidance system based on microcontroller Wi-Fi board for Indoor APP using mobile. Focusing various kind of technology like, ok google, voice search APP we purposed node architecture based system. When we listen fire alarm while living inside the room. Then to be safe we connect with server and start Arduino UNO+IoT ESP8266 Wi-Fi shield version1-IoT module to store data in MySQL DB server. We make application to escape out from the building up-to the three exits giving information from source point to destination. Our program can send information to the users emergency location and situations. For this when the user get sound or vibration in their mobile device it indicate fire out near by. At that time we update message from Arduino to DB server for the fixed current position inside the building which give routing signal for that fire out location by changing values from 0 to 1. We have user in point 10 where user is near by. Later we detect Wi-Fi signal form Nodemcu as room of each floor and try to connect with user. Main purpose of this paper is to save life of people in short time and find out the shortest path up to nearest exits in the time of emergencies and rescue them.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

Korea and China have had close relations not only geographically but also ideally and culturally throughout history. Regarding their lifestyles on housing patterns, however, Koreans had a sedentary way of life, usually sitting on the floor while Chinese had a standing lifestyle, sitting on a chair. This paper tries to have a comparative analysis on similarities and distinctions of two countries' traditional furniture that had complied with each lifestyle. This paper also aims to explore the similarities and distinctions of the form and function of the traditional furniture of the two countries and then to put results of this paper in design and plan of modern furniture and housing in our times. The study can be summarized as follows. Even if, cultural and historical relationships of two countries, there is a different of traditional furniture's forms and types. The major differences are as following : Korean furniture is predominantly on the floor level with storing furniture while Chinese one is intermixed with seat-level and floor level styles. These characters seem to be derived from their own housing and life style. In Ming and Qing period China, Their developed in which intermediate people and building. But, in Korea their housing style had floating floor against wet earth, which finished woods, Ondol. Because of these finishing, the Korean traditional furniture was developed into a good form and a suitable dimension for moving. These differences in furnishing style seemed to well reflect building and housing style of each country. And Image map and positioning map can show the differences in a whole aspect.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Currently, the environmental issue is of great urgency and sensitivity to the future of our planet. Global warming caused by increased CO2 concentration has an alarming impact on the earth's fragile environment. Droughts throughout the world are causing crop failures. Wildfires now burn with far greater rage. Melting ice caps and glaciers are causing floods. Sea levels are rising. Warm unseasonable winters are threatening our fragile eco-systems. Global warming is no longer a theory; it is an obvious fact we are confronted with every day, and the only way we can prevent it is to take action now. The need to reduce CO2 emissions and try to become carbon neutral is of national importance and leadership. We have become so reliant on fossil fuels that nearly everything we do generates CO2 emissions; from our modern farming practices to transport, to the electricity used to turn on a light, boil water in a kettle or cook our meals. A reduction of 50% of CO2 emissions can easily be achieved by decreasing the energy amount used. We tracked the carbon footprint throughout the electricity and heating energy use in homes and confirmed the amount of carbon emissions according to its consumptions. In order to reduce the carbon generation from housing constructions, such as Passive House concept of buildings or low energy buildings, we must adjust its applications best fit to our conditions. And technical elements should be applied to improve our conditions, and the methodology should be actively sought. Most of all, each individual's recongnition who uses these elements is more important than any other solutions.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2020

This study focused on the composition of the exterior space of Parkjinsagoga, the types of gardens and planting and the landscape characteristics of walls, and examined its meaning as modern garden remains. Parkjinsagoga is a modern Korean house that harmonizes traditionality and practicality, and is an invaluable material for research not only on architecture but also on changes in the gardens of upper-class gardens. Its exterior space can be divided largely into An-chae (inner house), Outer Sarang-chae (outer house) and Inner Sarang-chae areas, and a garden was created in each yard (inner garden). In particular, one thing noticeable is that the yard of Inner Sarang-chae, unlike traditional gardening styles, was actively decorated. At the center of the yard of Inner Sarang-chae, two atypical planters and artificial moundings were created and the traffic line of the garden was designed to enjoy them while walking. An atypical pond was created on one of the artificial moundings and trees and shrubs were densely planted. Natural stones were also placed. The style seemed to be affected by Japanese gardens. These characteristics observed in the gardens of Parkjinsagoga are closely related to the transitional characteristics that traditional gardens started to show in modern times. A total of 35 families and 57 species were planted in the gardens of Parkjinsagoga and there were 19 species of tall trees, 20 species of shrubs and 17 species of flowering plants. The number of species planted in the garden of Inner Sarang-chae was the highest, and a total of 22 species of tall trees and shrubs. The walls in Parkjinsagoga were basically earth and rock-fill walls but their materials and patterns differed depending on the type of spaces. Four types of walls were found to be introduced to the house.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.375-381
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• 2017

A full-scale field test was conducted to investigate the arching effect of an embankment pile. The arching effect calculated from the test results was compared with theoretical values. Measurements obtained from a load cell and an earth pressure cell during the field test reflected the arching effect of the embankment pile well. The arching effect measured by load cells for an embankment height of 3m or less was smaller than the theoretical value with the assumption of plain strain.The measured effect for a height of 4 m or more was larger than the theoretical value. In contrast to the consistent decrease of the theoretical arching effect, the arching effect obtained from the field test shows continually increasing trends. The arching effects calculated from the earth pressure cells were greater than those from the theory under the plain strain assumption, but the trend was similar to the theoretical one. The arching effects measured by the earth pressure cells an embankment heights of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m were 1.05, 1.23, 1.29, 1.28, and 1.29 times greater than those from the theory under the assumption of plain strain. The arching effects from the field test were much greater than those from the theory under the installation of a pile grid.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.329-347
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• 2018

The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method has proved to have great potentials in dealing with the wave-structure interactions. Compared with the Weakly Compressible SPH (WCSPH) method, the ISPH approach solves the pressure by using the pressure Poisson equation rather than the equation of state. This could provide a more stable and accurate pressure field that is important in the study of wave-structure interactions. This paper improves the solid boundary treatment of ISPH by using a high accuracy Simplified Finite Difference Interpolation (SFDI) scheme for the 2D wave-structure coupling problems, especially for free-moving structure. The proposed method is referred as the ISPH_BS. The model improvement is demonstrated by the documented benchmark tests and laboratory experiment covering various wave-structure interaction applications.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2015

The cool surface ratio could be used as a proxy of the overall thermal environment contributing to heat islands in urban area. This research proposes a comparative evaluation framework in an objective and quantitative way for measuring cool surface ratios. Two university campuses (Kyungpook National University: KNU, South Korea and UC Davis: University of California, Davis, USA) were selected as case study sites in order to monitor cool surface condition. Google Earth combined with digital maps realistically identified the major type of cool surfaces such as cool roofs and water bodies in the study area. Cool surfaces were sparsely identified over the KNU campus while the UC Davis campus was heavily covered by cool surfaces such as cool roofs and water bodies, resulting in almost four times more first-grade cool surfaces, as compared to KNU. It is confirmed that standard remote sensing technology can offer the viable method of measuring and comparing the campus-wide cool surface condition. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to initiate a nation-wide cool surface strategy since objective evidence has been provided based on area-wide measurement for the cool surface in the two university context.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

In the study, a new non-open cut tunnel steel pipe method using slot hole has been developed. As is overcomes shortcomings of conventional methods, it is applied to the field. The main concept of the new method is the steel pipe pumping system with slot holes which, by means of formation slot holes between each steel pipe, applied to the magnitude of the relaxed earth pressure caused by excavation to the ground to prevent ground displacement. The stability of the support members and effect of displacement control of the new method were verified through several ways as numerical analysis and site test. The new method was applied to the construction of a 11.5m wide, 7.4m high and 50m long section that passes side subway and large buildings in inner city. By applying the new method, tunnel construction was successfully completed in 6 months. It decreases the construction period to 30% compared to that of conventional methods, and ground was almost negligible.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.32-39
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• 2016

The Gradient Biome is a unique and large greenhouse(length 200 m, width 50 m, height:40 m) in which the elements of the weather, such as temperature and humidity, are controlled and reproduced in such a way as to create a continuous gradient from the tropical to frigid zones along specified longitudinal or transvers lines on the earth. One of the main purposes of the Gradient Biome is to observe the possible responses of the ecosystems (mainly plants), which are to be corresponding to each test climate and be introduced in the Biome, to the expected global warming. As one of the expected responses is the shift of the ecosystem(s) toward the region of suitable environment, there should be no artificial obstacles, which can prevent the shift, inside the facility. However, it is important but not so easy to find the ways of how the temperature and humidity in the Biome could be reproduced since the environmental variables tends to be homogeneous. In this paper, numerical simulations were carried out to find the effective control methods for air temperature and humidity inside the real scale Biome. One of the contributed solvers of OpenFOAM, which is an open source physics simulation code, was modified and used for the simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 1999

The retaining wall is a structure which was made for changing land form in many construction. The first role of the retaining wall is to maintain the slope stability. But recently, the amount of retaining wall have been increasing because of the expansion of construction works and the amenity of urban environment have been decreasing because of environmental destruction and the scenic heterogeneity. So we should consider the slope stability and ecological stability at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop the retaining wall revegetation technology using the Eco-Stone, the structure of co-satisfying which included the slope stability and the revegetation effect. Eco-Stone is a structure which has high stability for earth pressure, settlement and drainage. And cost and term of construction works also have been decreased. Eco-Stone structure is one of factors composing the ecological network which is harmonize with surrounding environment. In this way, it is expected that the ecological habitats of various species would be restored.