• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2007

Buddhist temples and halls signify paradise on earth. Buddhist sutras refer to paradise as a place where flowers fall down like snow, fragrance and music fill the air, flowers blossom and butterflies fly. The Kkot Mun of Buddhist temples are an essential part of the creation of this paradise and are ornamented with elaborate sculptures of flowers and animals. The ornamentation of the Kkot Mun is truly admirable for its artistry and beauty. Although the Kkot Mun is an element of Korean traditional Buddhist architecture, it could also be applied to costume work. I thought the characteristic elements of the Kkot Mun for the costume work were the flower, the lattice and the transparent effect that was made with the lattice and Dagjongee. I used the technique of strap cutting, strap twisting and cut-out for the lattice of Kkot Mun and flower making, knitting, cut-out and quilting for the flower of Kkot Mun. I represented the transparent effect of Kkot Mun with the lapped materials. I selected six remarkable Kkot Mun of Korean temples, revised shapes of these and made six costume works. These six costume works would be the suggestion of costume design if an element of Korean traditional architecture was applied to modern costume making.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 1995

All human spatial behavior and psychological stress are affected by the 'Privacy'of each space. This Paper deals with the theoretical review of 'privacy'concept and establishment of 'Privacy Model' that can be a useful design tool. 'Privacy Index(Pl)' model of 10 point scale, which is based on 'Hierarchic system of Privacy' in urban spaces by Chermeyeff and Alexander(1963), was established as a hypothetical model in this study. And'Activity Suitability', based on each hierarchy of primacy level, was investigated at each site to construct the validity of 'Privacy Model'. Total 67 sites were investigated by on.-site questionnaire in 3 types of outdoor spaces, (Park), (Campus), and (Garden) respectively. The major results are as follows; 1. The P7rivacy level of earth spaces, distributed from to in and . and (Groun Private> spaces are dominant In , spaces are dondnant 2, Privacy level, based on , showed higher privacy level than that of . This means the criteria of each privacy level should be modified for more specific space. The . could be derived from the (Activity Suitability) of each space. 3.The cognition of privacy level. by user group, showed no significant difference in dach group by sex, age, education, and job, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

To develop restoration technologies of natural environment, which is destroyed through the urbanization, industrialization, and the increase of leisure industry, the development of environmental restoration material and those application is greatly needed. Concerning this current issue, an experiment has been conducted to test and an experiment has been conducted to test and analyze the conditions of nutritonal propagation of willow cutting, which is known as a plant with rapid propagation and good growth capability under bad soil conditions and its wide ecological amplitude. 24 various kinds of willow cuttings -2~6 cuttings for each species -were placed into the earth for 57 days and measured the lengths and the diameters of willow cuttings, the possibility of root formation, the total number, and the total length of new shoots and roots. 23 among 24 willow cuttings tested were showing a great growing capacity and a number of new shoots and roots were observed in a relatively short time. This proved that salix is an adequate plant material for quick environmental restoraton . Besides, those willow cuttings could be classified for different site conditions through comparing the ratio of the underground part to the aboveground in total length. The results are as follows; S. dependens, S. matsudana, S. babylonica are the most suitable species for quick vegetaton and S. gracilistyla,S. myricoides,S. alba 'sercia' for erosioni control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.82-99
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish work classification system of landscape construction in order to offer the basis of new estimation system of public landscape construction. New estimation system is based on historical construction data. For application of this system, the standard work classification system is necessary. Because extensive cost data should be accumulated under an unified construction work classification system. In the study of new estimation system carried by KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology), landscaping works belong to earth work of civil engineering. It looks very unreasonable work classification, because landscape archtecture has its own specialties and professional domain. In this study, information classification systems in the construction industry and various landscaping works of housing developments are analysed. As a result. a standard work classification system of housing landscape construction is proposed in section VI-3. This standard work classification structure consists of three levels divisions (i.e large work division, middle work division, small work division) . Now in this study, housing landscape construction works are divided into four large works and twenty six middle works. According to work attributes, middle and small work division is possible to subdivide into details.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

One of the key tools in assessing the seismic vulnerability of the structures is the use of fragile functions, which is the possibility of damage from a particular damage surface for several levels of risk from the seismic movements of the earth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two categories of earthquake events on the fragile curve (FRC) of the steel construction system. In this study, the relative lateral displacement of the structures is considered as a damage criterion. The limits set for modifying the relative lateral position in the HAZUS instruction are used to determine the failure modes, which include: slight, moderate, extensive and complete. The results show, as time strong-motion increases, the probability of exceeding (PoE) increases (for Peak ground acceleration (PGA) less than 0.5). The increase in seismic demand increases the probability of exceeding. In other words, it increases the probability of exceeding, if the maximum earthquake acceleration increases. Also, 7-storey model in extensive mode has 20 and 26.5% PoE larger than 5- and 3-storey models, respectively.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

An in-hole seismic tests, which has been developed for measuring dynamic properties of soils and rock mass, is a bore hole seismic method that has cost effectiveness and practicality. The upgraded features include the motorized triggering system rather than the manual prototype version in the previous studies and a damper between source and receiver in the module. The performance of the probe has been verified through extensive cross-hole tests and in-hole tests at various sites. The dynamic stiffness of subsurface materials and rock mass have been evaluated and recently, the measurement of shear wave velocity was successfully adopted at horizontal holes of tunnel-face to install explosives. So the application of in-hole seismic test for various soil materials was certified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2008

The wetlands have functions those were retention of diverse biota, purification of water quality, control of climate and flood, eco-tourism and supply of agricultural water, and that was the ecosystem of high biodiversity as the zone of transition between inland and water. Therefore, this study showed the conservation and management plan by analyzing in the abiotic and biotic environment of forest swamp, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The results were as follows. Examining the management plan of the abiotic environment, there will need to establish the hydrological plan in continuous expediting the supply of water to maintain a humid soil of swamp, and to try to find the organic farming, use of low toxic agrichemicals and so on to prevent occurring a non-point source pollutants. To prevent changing the flowing of ground water and inflow of earth and sand in modifying the land character, there will be needed to restrict the construction of farmland and slope around swamp. To manage the biotic environment, there needed to offer the habitat by removing the regular interval and individual of a dead tree, and to improve the growth environment of vegetation. Because the naturalized plants disturb the natural vegetation, they will be removed. The afforested trees like Robinia pseudoacacia and Amorpha truticosa will be renewed to prevent the heterogeneity of landscape ecology, and the active conservation plan on wetland species will be established. As this study was carried out to study on the partial swamp, Gyeongsanbuk-do, the ecological environments distributing a swamp in Korea show a some problem. In the future, the study will accomplish to study the accurately and objectively ecological environment and management of a swamp by analyzing the extensive sites.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2019

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic behavior of a free-standing frame equipped with a movable base system using cast iron and mortar as the bearing materials. The preliminary friction test indicated that a graphite layer developed on the interface and exhibited stable friction behavior. The friction coefficient ranged from 0.33 to 0.36 when the applied normal compression stress ranged from 2.6 to 5.2 MPa. The effect of the variation of normal compression stress would be small. Shaking table tests on the free-standing frame showed that rock, slide, and rock-slide responses occurred. The cumulative slide distance reached 381 mm under JMA Kobe wave excitation; however, only a few cyclic slides occurred at the same locations along the moving track. Most surfaces sustained single slides. Similar results can be observed in other shaking conditions. The insufficient cyclic sliding and significant rocking resulted in a few graphite layers on the mortar surfaces. Friction coefficients were generally similar to those obtained in the preliminary friction tests; however, the values fluctuated when the rocking became significant. The collisions due to rocking caused strong horizontal acceleration responses and resulted in high friction coefficient. In addition, the strong horizontal acceleration responses caused by the collisions made the freestanding specimen unable to reduce the input horizontal acceleration notably, even when slippage occurred. Compared with the counterpart fixed-base specimen, the specimen equipped with the iron-mortar base could reduce the horizontal acceleration amplification response and the structural deformation, whereas the vertical acceleration response was doubled due to collisions from rocking.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

As the demand for underground space increases, many researchers have been studying the load reduction method using high compressible materials to solve for the stability problem of the overhead load and for the increase of the earth pressure which decreases the function of the underground structure. This paper determines the optimum soft zone and the effect of the using EPS Geofoam as a load reduction material to arch structures. A finite element analysis program, ABAQUS, is used to analyze the soil-structure interaction and the behavior of buried arch structures considering different four EPS Geofoam forms to confirm the most conservative shape. The optimum cross-sectional shape was determined by comparing the results of earth pressure reduction rate in accordance with the change of span-rise ratio and span length of the arch structure. It was confirmed that the earth pressure generated in the arch structure using the optimal soft zone selected by the numerical analysis was reduced by an average of 78%. In this study, the effect of EPS Geofoam on soil pressure reduction and its applicability to underground arch structures will provide an economical and conservative way to design underground structures and will help to increase the usability of deep underground space.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

Many countries have carried out various policies about sustainable building to protect the earth against the global warming and environmental pollution. Korea government has also executed the Green Building Certification System. In order to keep the performances of certificated buildings sustainable, the effective building maintenance is quite necessary. Meanwhile, the foreign green building certification systems have considered the building maintenance as one of the most important items to keep the building performance effective. However, Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) of Korea has not had the sufficient criteria for the maintenance of green building. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to find direction for the improvement of management categories of Korea Green Building Certification Criteria. For this aim, GBCC was compared with the foreign certification systems such as LEED, BREEAM and CASBEE.