• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2014

콘크리트 공사에서 공기단축과 시공비 절감을 위하여 가장 핵심적인 기술 중 하나는 온도 제어 양생기술이다. 최근에 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 발열 촉진 양생방법이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 기술을 적용한 콘크리트의 조기 강도발현특성을 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 총 6차에 걸친 대형 Mock-up 실험을 수행하였으며 실험결과를 성숙도이론에 근거하여 해석하였다. 개발된 방법으로 양생된 콘크리트의 압축강도 발현과 성숙도는 로그함수의 관계를 나타내었으며, 일반적인 고온 증기 양생된 콘크리트에 적용되는 등가재령이론으로 강도예측이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 개발된 마이크로웨이브 발열거푸집에 의해 동절기에도 하루면 거푸집 탈형을 위한 소요강도를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2004

Game theory is a method of mathematical analysis developed to study the decision making process. In 1928, Von Neumann mathematically proved that every two-person, zero-sum game with many pure finite strategies for each player is deterministic. In the early 50's, Nash presented another concept as the basis for a generalization of Von Neumann's theorem. Another central achievement of game theory is the introduction of evolutionary game theory, by which agents can play optimal strategies in the absence of rationality. Through the process of Darwinian selection, a population of agents can evolve to an Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) as introduced by Maynard Smith in 1982. Keeping pace with these game theoretical studies, the first computer simulation of coevolution was tried out by Hillis. Moreover, Kauffman proposed the NK model to analyze coevolutionary dynamics between different species. He showed how coevolutionary phenomenon reaches static states and that these states are either Nash equilibrium or ESS in game theory. Since studies concerning coevolutionary phenomenon were initiated, there have been numerous other researchers who have developed coevolutionary algorithms. In this paper we propose a new coevolutionary algorithm named Game theory based Coevolutionary Algorithm (GCEA) and we confirm that this algorithm can be a solution of evolutionary problems by searching the ESS. To evaluate this newly designed approach, we solve several test Multiobjective Optimization Problems (MOPs). From the results of these evaluations, we confirm that evolutionary game can be embodied by the coevolutionary algorithm and analyze the optimization performance of our algorithm by comparing the performance of our algorithm with that of other evolutionary optimization algorithms.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 멀티에이전트 환경에서 지식을 표현하고 추론함에 있어서 증명 이론적 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 논리적 결과를 기계적 방법으로 결정하므로 초기 인공지능 연구부터 핵심분야로 발전해 왔다. 하지만 임의의 닫힌 문장들의 집합에서 항상 명제가 증명할 수 있지 않기에 논리적 결과가 결정할 수 있어지려면 절 형식의 문장으로 그 표현 범위를 제한한다. 그리고 절 형식의 문장들에서만 적용 가능한, 단순하면서도 강력한 추론 규칙인 비교흡수 원리(Resolution principle)를 적용한다. 또한 증명이론을 메타술어로 표현할 수 있으므로 증명이론의 메타논리로 확장 가능하다. 메타논리가 모델 이론의 인식 논리(epistemic logic)보다 향상된 표현력을 기반으로 실용적인 면과 효율면에서 우월할 수 있다. 이를 입증하기 위해 인식 논리의 의미론과 증명이론의 메타논리 방식으로 각각 Muddy Children 문제에 적용한다. 그 결과 협력적 멀티에이전트 환경에서 메타논리를 사용하여 지식과 공통지식을 표현하고 추론한 방법이 더 효율적임을 증명한다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제5호
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• pp.43-80
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• 2007

PASKYULA was formed in September, 1923 through the union of artists involved in two art groups: Kim Ki-Jin, Kim Bok-Jin, Yeon Hak-Nyeon who had previously participated in the ToWolHoi, and Park Young-Hi, Lee Sang-Hwa, An Seok-Ju, former members of the BaeckJo. After its founding, the PASKYULA artists had been searching for the social function of art to reform the harsh reality of Minjung and the nation with criticism toward society as well as art world. Their art theory for MinJung could grow relatively ease in relation to changing social and political conditions in the early 1920s. In August, 1925, PASKYULA organized the Korea Artista Proletaria Federatio with the YeomGunSa, and laid the groundwork for Proletariat art movement which was regularized in the late 1920s. From PASKYULA up to the early state of KAPF, the theory of art advocated by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju could be summarized as "art for MinJung". At that time, widely ranging discourses on MinJung, however, was spawned in art theory, because many intellectuals-including artists and writers-begun to pay more attention to MinJung, who emerged as one of the social forces after the Samil Independent Movement. Sometimes, MinJung was construed as the target of enlightenment from a negative viewpoint. On the other hand, several intellectuals under the influence of individualism asserted that the discussion itself on MinJung exerted an evil influence on art. In contrast of these cases, the PASKYULA artists including Kim Bok-Jin, An Seok-Ju perceived that MinJung had the potential to change society, and regarded them as "a creator of genuine civilization and art". In the PASKYULA artist's writings, the concept of MinJung was often overlapped with the meaning of the Choson nation suffering under colony. Although their concept of MinJung was transformed gradually into the proletariat as they were under the strong influence of socialism, it did not change that they grasped the realities of the whole Choson Peninsula through the proletarian consciousness. In the early state of PASKYULA, the methodology for social function of art was presented in a twofold manner. First of all, Kim Bok-Jin emphasized on the necessity of education to improve MinJung's way of life through art, and it was embodied by the organization of ToWol Art Workshop and public lecture. Also, he championed "the popularization of art", which was one of methods to distribute art to MinJung. According to the PASKYULA artists, art should be not art for art' sake but art for MinJung. That was why they advocated the convergence of art and MinJung's life. Especially Kim Bok-Jin affirmed a link between art and industry because he considered industry the field inextricably linked with MinJung's life. In this context, his idea could be read as the generalization and equalization within the framework of possession. Kim Bok-Jin thought that the social ramifications of capitalism deprived MinJung of their right to enjoy art, and emphasized the artist' social role to return the right to them. That is, the even distribution of art was mainly discussed than the contents of art in the half of 1920s. By 1925, the contents of art itself became an issue in the PASKYULA art theory, and it was based in realism. Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju insisted that art should be reflection of real life. At that time, realism acquired the representation of MinJung and the nation's realities not realistic style. In fact, the various Western art styles including Futurism, Constructivism, Cubism etc. were exploited in the PASKYULA's visual images. Western art, target of criticism on theory, was selectively adopted in the works which were produced by Kim Bok-Jin and An Seok-Ju. Kim Bok-Jin's MoonYeUnDong cover design was conceived of as the example in which Western art was adopted with it's ideology under the influence of MAVO, while Western art shown in An Seok-Ju's illustrations served as a decorative function in many cases. Especially, An Seok-Ju attempted the various styles of Western art simultaneously, which may be seen as representing that PASKYULA did not have a firm ideology for their style. Also, it can be read as showing his hasty zeal to overcome Western art rapidly. The wish to establish "art for MinJung" as soon as possible was accompanied with the will to jump over the all steps of Western art though it was superficial. This aspiration of PASKYULA was expressed through the mass media, which had the potential for communicating to MinJung. At this point, there was a significant disparity between PASKYULA and another art groups in the first half of 1920s. However, the PASKYULA's method on the basis of the mass media could not but have a certain limitation because of the medium's properties. Nevertheless, PASKYULA' attempts may be considered to be valuable in sense that they expended the boundaries of Korean modern art into the commercial art questioning the matter of the distribution for art.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2008

뉴턴의 중력이론의 성공은 수학물리학을 태동시키는 바, 최초로 19세기 초의 분자력의 모델성립에 중요한 요소로 등장하였다. 라플라스는 여기서 회전타원체의 작용이라는 모델을 이용하였고 회전타원체의 작용은 이계편미분방정식으로 표현이 되었다. 이것을 풀어서 유체를 담은 용기의 기하학적 모습과 와 유체와 고체의 접촉각에 대응시켰다. 알 수 없는 분자간거리는 추상적이고 미지의 힘 함수 $\varphi(f)$를 써서 표현하여, 분자 작용반경이라는 개념을 도입하여 이론적인 포텐셜 함수의 이론적인 토대를 구축하였다. 뉴턴의 중력이론은 라플라스이론에서 완성을 이루었고, 이후 분자력의 모델로서 작용을 하였다. 라플라스-영의 모세관이론은 수학적으로는 극소 곡면론에서 물리학적으로는 표면장력현상으로 설명이 된다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

This study is the spatial characteristics of child education facilities through the cognitive development of child. Early childhood is the most important period in every human developmental stage; physical, emotional, and mental parts. Thus, the education in early childhood should be conducted naturally by a variety of experiences, sensibility, and physical activities, not by knowledge-oriented education which has been conducted until today. The education based on experience has been adapted, not only domestically, but internationally, and the early childhood education focused on child's development is especially emphasized in Europe. It's because the industrialization started earlier in Europe than in other countries, and it leaded to the entry of women in public affair. Consequently, early childhood education was taken charge of by the nation. While it has gone through trial and error, and Now it leaded to the better way. This study checks the common factors which shows the spatial characteristics based on experience and the relationship between the features of infants and concept of space in Piaget's theory. And then, I am going to systemize the relationship of each factor and suggest the design plan so that it could be applied methodologically when the space is designed for child education facilities beyond the current education only focused on programs.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze theories of curriculum development in an attempt to develop a systematic early childhood oral health curriculum that would be the basis of the lifelong oral health of preschoolers. The findings of the study were as follows; 1. The current kindergarten curriculum just stated that kindergarteners should keep their teeth clean, and no systematic guidelines on what to teach were included. That was hardly expected to provide efficient education on oral health promotion. 2. Preschoolers, teachers and parents were investigated to find out learner needs, and educational objects and what to teach were selected based on their needs and Tyler's Curriculum Development Theory. 3. Most of the early childhood teachers felt the need for oral health education, but faced difficulties in conducting it due to heavy workload. Another reason seemed that they were empowered to provide that education at their option since that was not mandatory. 4. As a result of analyzing the early childhood segments and educational objects of college textbooks on oral health education, every textbook differed from one another. There was a necessity to set up standardized educational objects for early childhood oral health education. 5. Oral health specialists should be involved in the development of early childhood curriculum to ensure the selection of standardized educational objects and contents.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 유아교사의 생활지도 효능감 개념을 규정하고, 실제 유아교육기관에서 생활지도의 구성요인을 밝혀, 유아교사의 생활지도 효능감을 객관적으로 판단할 수 있는 척도를 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 유아교사에게 요구되는 생활지도의 내용을 추출하고 국내, 외 교사효능감 이론 및 척도에 대한 고찰에 근거하여 83개 예비문항을 선정하였고 델파이방법에 의해 61개 문항을 선정하여 유아교사 243명을 대상으로 예비문항에 대한 응답을 구해 탐색적 요인 분석을 한 결과, 4요인 51문항 (문제행동지도 효능감 21문항, 유아이해 효능감 11문항, 가정연계 효능감 12문항, 기본생활습관지도 효능감 9문항)이 최종 문항으로 선정되었다. 최종척도에 대한 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 위해 SPSS 프로그램을 사용하여 문항양호도 검증, 요인분석, 상관관계, 문항간 내적 합치도와 반분신뢰도를 산출하였다. 분석결과, 본 척도가 유아교사의 생활지도 효능감을 측정하기에 적합한 도구임이 확인되었다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.87-144
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• 2001

This study looks into historical genealogy of autonomy in art criticism on modernism and presents the view of the judgment and correction about that. A matter of autonomy in art appeared in the attempt to totally reconsider and upset the theory of 'Mimesis' or 'Representation' which was the basis of traditional aesthetic theory. In the traditional theory of representation, they assumed primary image exists first and then tried to obtain visual similarity to it through art works. However, in the theory of autonomy in modernism, they maintained the reduction to pure form' or medium', regarding what art works represents and how similar to primary image are not the true essence of art. In the early 20th century, C. Bell laid the foundation stone of the theory of Formalism', providing that a matter of autonomy is significant form', which is the combination of lines and colors Aesthetic autonomy theory came to a climax by C. Greenberg, who systemized art criticism on modernism in the middle 20th century. According to his theory, the pursuit of the essence of form resulted in the specificity of medium' and flatness. They thought that the autonomy of art would be achieved by eliminating outward social factors from art works. This theory ended by Minimalism preventing the instructive function of art work and only emphasizing its material property. Since the middle 20th century, the autonomy theory was confronted with the limit and intense attack because it resulted in this fixed canon and materialism, so they began laying emphasis on those extrinsic factors around art works such as human life, society, history, and so on. This study focuses on arguing and complementing the limit of autonomy such as the adhesive and fixed canon, and then defining the more dynamic area of it. For this, first, I introduced the view of T. J. Clark and T. Crow who criticized the aesthetic autonomy theory. They denied the transcendental structure of form, and found form only in the association with substantial life and society. And they insisted the dynamism of form by emphasizing form as a result of negation insisted by avant-garde. Second, I researched the view of A. C, Danto and M. Fried, who complemented the traditional autonomy theory. They made autonomy emerge from the fixation of form like flatness through connecting essentialism with historical view. In conclusion, I insist that autonomic position of art make it possible to connect or mediate between material form and human or social elements. Therefore, autonomy should not be reduced to the axis of form or that of society but make interaction between two heterogeneous axes.

• 논리연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2005

이 글의 목적은 포퍼의 초기의 확률론, 즉 $\ll$탐구의 논리$\gg$에서 제시된 상관 빈도 이론에 대해서 살펴보고 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 우선 빈도 이론을 가장 체계적으로 제시한 폰 미제스의 빈도 이론에 대 해서 자세하게 논의한다. 빈도 이론에 대한 일반적인 비판은 유한한 경험적 집산이 어떻게 무한 계열인 수학적 집산으로 표상되는가와 무작위성의 공리가 어떻게 수학적으로 정식화하는가의 문제이다. 폰 미제스는 이러한 비판에 답하면서 빈도이론을 발전시켜나간다. 그러나 그의 빈도 이론에는 무작위성의 공리와 수렴성의 공리가 양립가능하지 많은 것처럼 보인다는 문제가 있다. 객관주의 확률론의 옹호자로서 포퍼는 이와 같은 문제가 해 결된 빈도 이론을 제시하고자 했다. 포퍼는 대담하게 수렴성의 공리를 완전히 포기하고 무작위성의 공리를 개선함으로써 이 문제를 해결할 수 있다고 주장한다. 그는 서수선택과 이웃선택이라는 위치선택 개념을 통해서 무 작위성의 공리를 보다 약화된 조건으로 수정하고 그 공리로부터 베르누이의 정리를 연역해 냄으로써 수렴성의 공리가 불필요함을 보인다. 결국 포퍼는 폰 미제스의 빈도이론의 치명적인 문제라고 여겨졌던 두 공리 사이의 비일관성 문제를 해결했다고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 포퍼의 수정된 빈도이론은 빈도이론의 기초가 된다고 생각되는 수렴성의 공리를 포기하는 반직관적인 이론이라는 비판을 피할 길이 없어 보이고, 그런 이유 때문에 포퍼의 빈도이론은 별로 주목을 받지 못한 것이다. 보다 직관적으로 설득력 있는 빈도 이론은 무작위성의 공리를 수렴성 공리와 일관성을 갖도록 정식화하여 제시하는 이론이다.