• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.16
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• pp.168-206
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• 2001

This study attempts to examine the relationships between the major market-based media and the government after closing military regime era, 1961-1987. After the military regime was collapsed, while the mass media in Korea obtained independence and autonomy from government, they have been confronted with the terrible competition not so much comparatively as before. The watchdog role in the traditional liberalism, which is regarded as normative relationship between the media and the government would be transformed in accordance with the market condition and the maturity of democracy. Thus, the watchdog metaphor has been variously deviated in rower-centered society; lap dog, guard dog, attack dog. liberalists argue that the primary democratic role of the media is to art as a public watchdog overseeing the state. Social democrats, however, criticize them as simplistic conception which could be only applied to the government. They argue that the media should be seen as a source of redress against the abuse of all forms of power over others; the home, the economy, and the civil society. The lap dog view is that the media is overwhelmingly dependent on the established power structure contrary to the watchdog. While the guard dog perspective is a means to preserve the power structure alarming with playing 'conflict role', the attack do8 aims to the private interest of the media in intruding into the politics. The attack dog perspective by T. Patterson could be composed of the interpretive style of report, the game schema report over the policy schema in the election, and the negativism against politics and government. The market-dominant press has been likely to transform from lap-guard dog into attack-guard dog. In Roh Tae Woo government(1988-1992), while the press was a lessened lap-guard dog before three parties merger in 1990, after merger the press had been transformed as the reinforced lap-guard dog because this merger entailed joint, party-to-party negotiations, and the formation of the new party preceded by dissolution of the ruling blot. In the early stage of Kim Young Sam government(1993-1997), the press has kept in pace with the reform movement drive-forced by the government. However, the press withdrew the support of Kim's reform in reaching the level of threat to ruling bloc. The press coalesced only circumstantially with government and was interested in preserving some margin of independence. The failure of Kim's reform proved the political muscle of the press in post-autho-ritarianism. In the middle stage of Kim Dae Jung government (1998-) that resulted in the shift of power structure as once-opposition party leader, the stress has been a manifested attack-guard dog owing to the anti-cold war policy, the realignment policy of power, and the minority-base of Kim's government. The press has endeavored to hold political communication within limits relatively less threatening to the established order.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 1990

Ninety six Rambouillet ${\times}$ Kaghani intact male lambs of 18 months of age were divided into 6 groups of 16 lambs each, groups being G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, G-5 and G-6. Average liveweight of animals on different treatments at day 0 of the experiment was G-1 (24.68 S.D 3.35), G-2 (24.56 S.D 2.55), G-3 (24.53 S.D 2.90), G-4 (24.51 S.D 3.38), G-5 (24.58 S.D 3.58) and G-6 (24.81 S.D 3.43). Animals on treatment G-1 were fed only maize silage ad libitum, G-2 had been offered maize silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of commercial concentrate (Sona Vanda) per group, G-3 maize silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of crushed maize grain per group. G-4 lambs were fed oat silage ad libitum plus 4.8 kg of crushed maize per group, G-5 oat silage plus 4.8 kg of commercial concentrate per group and G-6 only oat silage ad libitum. The results showed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among treatment groups in silage intake throughout the feeding trial. G-2 group showed the highest silage intake while treatment G-4 showed the lowest silage intake for the first two months and treatment G-6 for the last two months. The results of growth rates (g/d/animal) showed that treatments G-1 and G-6, where no supplementation was given, had a weight loss throughout the feeding trial. However, weight loss in treatment G-6 was more severe than treatment G-1. Treatments G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5 all showed weight gain however, treatment G-2 had the most gain. G-2 group also showed the highest wool production while G-6 the lowest. These results indicated that silage when made from full bloom crops of oats and silage fed alone without any supplementation causes weight loss in sheep. Supplementation with concentrates having 19% CP is far better than the crushed maize grain and maize silage is better than oats silage. Maize silage is superior than oat silage however, better performance could be expected if silages were made at the early bloom (dough) stage of plant maturity. The results indicate that treatment G-2 shows highest response while treatment G-6 the lowest. So the response of different treatments on both the parameters of weight gain and wool production is almost similar.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.634-641
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• 2017

This case study investigated the effects of sensory integration therapy on social behaviors and feeding of children with intellectual disabilities who lack sensory processing abilities. The study was conducted done from September to December, 2016, and an ABA(two sessions, nine sessions, two sessions/total 13 sessions) design was used among Single Subject Research Design. Nine sessions of sensory integration program were conducted for 50 minutes each, and Wilbarger's Protocol was employed 2-3 times per day. To understand children's basic development levels, observation evaluation of each area and social maturity scale were conducted in the early stage. To Understand the children's sensory processes ability, a Sensory Profile(SP) was developed, while the activities of daily living and task performance ability scale were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure for children(WeeFIM) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM), respectively. Search behavior and feeding, which are social behaviors of children, were evaluated through observation. The results showed that the sensory integration program improves social behaviors of children and enables them to eat. The children's feeding was stable from the 5th session after the intervention, and the search behaviors started to change from 3 weeks after the intervention and became stable after 7 weeks. These results indicate that the sensory integration program is effective in mediating difficulties that children with intellectual disabilities who lack sensory processing ability experience in daily living.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 1996

For ecological study of Synechogobius hasta the environmental factors, length composition, stages of ovarian maturation, growth, and stomach contents of this species were examined. The samples were collected from the Kum River estuary from May, 1994 to June, 1995. The ovarian egg development of this species underwent 4 stages : the oogonium stage in October to November, growth stage in December to February of next year, maturity stage in February to April, and spawning stage in late April to middle May. The peak spawning period appeared in early to middle May. The fecundity varied from 8,600 to 49,000 showing a exponential increase by body size. The minimum size having matured eggs was 225 mm in total length (standard length 180 mm). The larvae smaller than 10 mm appeared in late May, and young fish of total length $13\~15mm$ entered into bottom life in the shallow waters. The young fish grew rapidly and reached about 141.7 mm in late October. The fish inhabited in the subtidal zone from December to May of next year when began to spawn. The largest specimen examined in this study was 531 mm of male, 472 mm of female. The major food items of young fishes were copepods and invertebrate larvae, and those of adult fishes were crabs, fish, shrimps, cephalopods, and polychaetes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.477-483
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• 1985

This paper describes seasonal changes of total length, hepatosomatic index (HSI), fatness, egg-diameter composition, and fecundity of the longchin goby Chasmichthys dolichognathus(HILGENDORF). The specimens used were captured in the tide pool of Tongbaekseom, Pusan, Korea from February 1983 to January 1984. The age of longchin goby, tested by size frequency, was believed to be usually one year which grows to 8.0 cm in total length. The annual variations of HSI reached the maximum in the early spring when the gonad was actively growing and decreased during the spawning season from April to July. The coefficients of fatness were represented low values for the spawning periods. Frequency distribution of the egg diameter of mature ovary has three modes: one is the evident mode of the ripe eggs group, and the other two are modes of maturing and immature eggs groups. And an individual is considered as spawns one in the spawning season. Relationships between the fish size in total length (TL cm) and the number of ovarian eggs(F), the fish weight (BW g) and the number of ovarian eggs are indicated by the exponential equation respectively : F=42.585 $TL^{1.608}$, F= 524.589 $BW^{0.475}$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1996

Rye(Secale cereale L.) shows lower dry matter yield and nutrient content when it was harvested before wintering. This study was conducted to investigate how effect forage rape(Brassicu napus Subsp oleifera), which carries early maturity and can be harvested before wintering, on the increase of the forage yield and nutrient content when rye was sown mixed with the rape. Optimum sowing rate of the rye/rape mixture was also pursued in this study. The five treatment of rye single, rape single, ryel20+rape 1Okg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha were sown on 2 September 1989. Rape single plot was cut one time(l9 November 1989) and the other plots were cuted two times(19 November 1989 and 20 May 1990). In botanical composition of the mixtures, rape recorded dominant ratio with 64~69% at the autumn cut. The rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot marked the highest dry matter yield with 4.46t/ha among all the experimental plot at the autumn cut(P<0.05). In year total yield of dry matter(t/ha), rye single, rape single, rye120+rape IOkg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha marked 13.6, 4.1, 12.7, 12.9 and 11.8, respectively. In crude protein content, the rye single plot was 17.2% at the autumn cut on the other hand the mixture plots showed increasing tendency with 18.0~19.9%. In crude fiber content, the mixture plots were remarkably lower than rye single plot. In year total yield of crude protein, rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot showed the highest yield with 1.6lt/ha among all the experimental plots. Ratio of crude protein yield to crude fiber yield, rye84+rape 7kg/ha tended to be higher than the other mixture plots. It is confirmed that the rye/rape mixture can produce more forage than the rye single cropping when they are harvested in late autumn, besides the mixture forage contains higher crude protein than that rye single forage. It can be said that the rydrape mixture is more useful than the rye single cropping, and optimum sowing rate of the mixture is 84kg/ha of rye+7kg/ha of rape.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 1999

This study was carried out to clarify several factors affecting embryogenesis from anther culture of nine cultivars in Brassica oleracea L. var. italica and to investigate the characteristics of plants derived from anther culture. Androgenesis from anther culture was elevated on the B5 medium supplemented with 0.1mg/L NAA, 0.1mg/L 2.4-D and 10% sucrose. Embryo production in liquid medium was five-fold higher than solid medium. High temperature treatment at 35$^{\circ}C$ for one day before transfer to culture room maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ had effective to induce embryogenesis of cultured anthers but extended treatment at 35$^{\circ}C$ decreased significantly the percent of embryogenesis. Frequency of embryogenesis from cultured anthers exhibited significant difference from 2.8% in 'Green Valiant' to 21% in 'Haisi' as affected by genotypes. Percent of spontaneously dihaploid among regenerated plants from anther culture was ranged from 62 to 74% as affected by the genotypes. Characteristic in relation to plant height, number of leaves and branches, and size of head from anther-derived plants showed differential variation in 'Rokguray' and 'Haisi'. Among these charaters obtained from two cultivars, five lines were selected for early maturity, long plant height and large head. Selected lines were used as breeding meterials for F$_1$ hybrid.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

The financial resources for public land banking enacted by Public Land Banking Act (2009) are LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) contributions, LH Bond, Land Bank revenues, etc. But, in real, the efficient funding resource is mainly LH bond. In these days, LH has experienced deep financial distress, and difficulties in issuing it's bond. Therefore, Land Banking project also has been inactivated because of poor financial resources. As Land Banking project depending its financial resources mainly on LH Bond does not have financial sustainability, it is necessary to reform the fundamental funding structure. This is the starting point for the topic of this paper. This paper suggests to reform the funding structure, and to introduce Land Bank Bond guaranteed by Government, and also to modify the accounting method of Land Bank to separate the Land Bank accounts with LH accounts. The funding structure reform can be summarized as follows; In early stage of the Land Banking project, sufficient government support by guaranteeing the Land Bank Bond is necessary. Gradually, the portion of LH's contribution can be increased in company with LH's financial distress being solved and administration being normalized. When the project reached on the stage of maturity, cash inflows by selling the reserved land can exceed the cash outflows for reserve new land. To introduce the Land Bank Bond guaranteed by government, the Public Land Banking Act (2009) should be revised. Along with this, to modify the accounting method of Land Bank, the rule for public enterprise accounting system must be partially revised.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to clarify the functions of supernodulating characters on seed yield determination through the comparison of agricultural traits of supernodulating soybean mutants, Sakukei4, SS2-2, and their parent cultivars, Enrei and Shinpaldalkong2. The plant dry weights of supernodulating mutants, Sakukei4 and SS2-2, were $52\%$ and $61\%$ of their wild type parents at full seed stage (R6). However, the relative growth rate (RGR) from the pod set stage (R3) to R6 of Sakukei4 was 0.022 g/g/day and that of SS2-2 was 0.016 g/g/day, which were higher than those of their parents. Nodule number and dry weight were increased in two supernodulating mutants by the R6 stage. The nitrogen concentrations of leaf, petiole and stem of Sakukei4 were higher than those of Enrei. SS2-2 showed higher nitrogen concentration in petiole than Shinpaldalkong2 had. The positive correlations were appeared between nodule dry weight, plant dry weight and pod number, in two supernodulating mutants during the period from R3 to R6 stage. Although all of the yield components and seed yield were lower in two supernodulating mutants than their parents at the stage of full maturity (R8), the harvest index was higher in supernodulating mutants. The increasing rates of pod number to stem dry weight in two supernodulating mutants showed the higher than those of two their parents at R8 stage. In conclusion, the relative growth rates during the early to the middle reproductive growth period were higher in supernodulating mutants than the wild types. This could be resulted in an increase in pod number. The increase of relative growth rate was the result of the successive supplement of nitrogen source from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of nodules during the middle reproductive growth period in supernodulating mutants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 1984

Six soybean cultivars were used to study their seed development and germinability after flowering, in 1977 and 1978. The earlier varieties showed the faster seed development, but indeterminate types resulted in slower development. The earliest germinability was found in 15 to 25 days after flowering when dried with the pod shell. The germination of the seeds dried without pod shell, however, was inhibited significantly in early seed filling stages. Regular germinability of the Hill cultivar in a cold test was 40-45 days after flowering, or 10 to 15 days earlier than the physiological maturity.