• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.451-461
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• 1993

Four hundred and eighty broiler chicks of both sexes were obtained from commercial hatchery (Hubbard) and raised on floor pens. All chicks were allowed free access to food from 0 to 7 and 20 to 56 days of age. At 7 days of age, all broilers were weighed individually, and divided into five groups as follows: 1. feed ad libitum as the control; 2. allowed free access to food 3 days and starved 1 day ($3{\times}1$); 3. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 1 day ($2{\times}1$); 4. allowed free access to food 1 day and starved 1 days ($1{\times}1$) and; 5. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 2 days ($2{\times}2$). Broilers were restricted for 12 days (d 7 through 17) of a 56-day trial. Broilers were fed a commercial starter diet (crude protein 23.8% and ME 3,070 kcal/kg) for 21 days, and commercial finisher diet (crude protein 20% and ME 3,160 kcal/kg) from 22 to 56 days of age. Although there was compensatory growth in some groups, (the $1{\times}1$ female group, and the $3{\times}1$ and $2{\times}1$ male grous), its level was not sufficient to achieve normal body weight at market age. There was sexual dimorphism for accelerated growth as well as differences in the ability to achieve a complete compensation of growth to the weight, feed conversion ratio, and body composition of ad libitum chicks. Early feed restriction could be used to reduce production cost because of the lower fed conversion ratio, mortality rate and the amount of starter diet consumed by broilers. The response of chicks to early feed restriction might depend on the degree of feed restriction, the method of feed restriction, duration of feed restriction, and sexes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.582-589
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• 2008

This study attempted to determine effects of recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) and glutamine (Gln) supplement on the growth performance and intestinal development of piglets weaned at 14 days of age. A total of ninety-six piglets were allotted to one of four dietary treatments which comprised inclusion of 1.0 mg pEGF supernatant/kg diet or 0.5% Gln both alone and in combination. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with six pigs per pen for a 28 days experimental period. Two pigs per replicate were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected on day 14. Data showed that dietary treatment failed to promote growth performance. On day 14, diets supplemented with pEGF elevated pancreatic chymotrypsin, jejunal alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, lactase and maltase activities (p<0.05), but failed to alter the small intestinal villus morphology, DNA, or protein content of gastrointestinal mucosa. Diets supplemented with Gln increased pancreatic chymotrypsin activity, tended to enhance the protein contents of gastric (p = 0.08) and jejunal mucosa (p = 0.09) but did not influence the serum IgA level or the enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal tract. On day 28, the diets supplemented with Gln increasedt (p<0.05) serum IgA and the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PHA stimulation. However, a combination of pEGF and Gln did not have a synergistic effect on these biomarkers in early-weaned piglets. The results demonstrate that diets supplemented with recombinant pEGF supernatant indeed improve intestinal digestive enzyme activity and diets supplemented with Gln increases the immune response in early-weaned piglets.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.328-331
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• 2000

국내에서 재배중인 옥수수 재래종 (고성, 영월)품종의 종자에 저선량 ${\gamma}$선을 조사하여 초기생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 온실과 포장실험으로 조사하였다. 저선량 방사선 조사가 옥수수 종자발아 및 초기생육에서 뚜렷한 촉진효과를 보였으나 품종별로 다소 차이가 있었으며 고성재래종은 2 Gy, 영월재래종은 12 Gy가 가장 효과적이었다. 포장생장과 수량에서도 저선량 조사에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 적정선량은 고성재래종은 8 Gy, 영월재래종은 $4{\sim}12$ Gy 범위로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of single and co-inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on early plant growth in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Plant growth promoting Brevibacterium iodinum RS16 and Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 were inoculated on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased plant height, dry biomass accumulation and macro-nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased plant height in maize by 41.2% at 30 days after sowing (DAS), shoot dry weight and total dry weight compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (N and P) in maize roots was significantly increased with co-inoculation treatment, K and Ca content was significantly increased at B. iodinum RS16 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (P, K, Ca and Mg) in shoot was higher with M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. In case of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, co-inoculation treatment showed 33.7% increase in plant height compared to non-inoculated treatment at 30 DAS. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased root dry weight and total dry weight, macro-nutrient accumulation in roots and N, Ca and Mg accumulation in shoot compared to non-inoculated treatment. P and K accumulation in shoot was significantly increased at co-inoculation treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. This pot culture experiment demonstrated that single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased the early growth and nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2007

대농갱이, Leiocassis ussuriensis의 유도된 자성발생성 이배체의 초기 생존율, 초기 성장 및 성비를 분석하였다. 대농갱이 자성발생성 이배체는 일반 대농갱이 이배체 대조군과 비교 시 부화 180일까지 생존 및 성장 형질에서 모두 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 자성발생성 이배체는 부화 10주째 암수 판별이 용이한 수준의 난모세포 발달 정도를 보였고 일반 대농갱이 암컷과 난소 발달에 있어 유사하였다. 부화 10주째 생식소 조직학적 분석 결과 일반 대농갱이 이배체 자손들은 1:1의 암수 비율을 나타낸 반면, 자성발생성 이배체 자손들은 모두 암컷으로 판별됨으로써 본 어종의 성 결정 기구는 XX-XY를 기본으로 하는 암컷 동형접합형인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate about chief complaints of Korean pediatrics and adolescent outpatients in the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university hospital for their recent trend. Methods The study was composed of 4,677 new patients aged between 1 month and 20 years who had been visited pediatrics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university hospital from 2012 January to 2015 December. Results 1. Among those patients, majority was early childhood as 51.4%, followed by early childhood, late childhood, infancy, and adolescence. 2. Chief complaints in this population have been recorded in the fall the most as 29.6%, but the distribution was inconsistent. 3. To categorize, digestive-related chief complaints were the highest as 30.6%, followed by respiratory, supplemental use, growth, psychiatrics. Respiratory-related chief complaints increased dramatically in the fall. 4. In infancy and early childhood, digestive/respiratory complaints were common, whereas, growth complaints were common in late childhood and adolescence. 5. Digestive/respiratory complaints have been over 50% out of all chief complaints annually. Psychiatric and growth-related complaints have been trending up, whereas, supplemental/skin complaints have decreased every year. 6. Specifically, anorexia were the most common in digestive complaints, and rhinitis/sinusitis were top among respiratory complaints. Precocious puberty and developmental disability increased every year. Conclusions The most common chief complaints were digestive and respiratory-related, and precocious puberty and growth issues have been trending up lately. Based on this result, more studies that targets precocious puberty and growth problems are needed.

• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to determine how elevated $CO_2$ and temperature affected early growth and competition between direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) and a common paddy weed (Echinochloa glabrascens). By using temperature gradient chambers. Rice and E. glabrescens were grown for 5 weeks at ratios of 1:0. 3:1 and 0:1 at three temperatures ($16.4^{\circ}C,\;19.8^{\circ}C,\;and\;22.2^{\circ}C$) and either in ambient (361ppm) or elevated (566ppm) $CO_2$. For both species. elevated $CO_2$ had no effect on mainstem leaf number while air temperature had a slight positive effect which was greater in E. glabrescens than rice. With elevated $CO_2$ rice leaf area index and plant height increased alightly in all species combinations but no increases were observed for E. Glabuescens. For rice in all combinations. elevated $CO_2$ tended to increase the rot and total biomass much more than any other growth parameters: the increases in root and total biomass resulting from elevated $CO_2$ ranged from 16% to 40%. depending on air temperature. At the lowest temperature, the decrease in rice biomass in combination with E. glabrescens was significantly greater at elevated $CO_2$ (18%) than ambient $CO_2$ (3%). At the highest temperature, however, the decrease in rice biomass at elevated $CO_2$ (22%) was less than that at ambient $CO_2$ (36%). The competitive ability of rice as measured by the decrease in biomass when grown in combination with E. glabrescens depended strongly on root growth and/or allocation. These results suggest that at higher temperatures elevated $CO_2$ could enhance the competitive ability of direct seeded rice during early growth. However, at lower temperatures. the competitive ability of E. glabrescens seems to be greater.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1998

수종의 근권세균류를 시설토양에서 분리한 후 육묘용토에 혼입처리하여 식물생장촉진효과를 측정하였다. 시설토양에서 총 125주의 단일균구를 1차적으로 순수분리하였으며, 고추에서 발생하는 위조병원균, 입고병원균, 및 묘잘록병원균 등에 대하여 항균작용이 우수한 4주의 근권세균을 최종적으로 분리하였다. 항균작용이 가장 높았던 균주로는 RB 109로서 위조병원균에 대해서는 66.0%, 입고병원균에 대해서는 65.0%, 묘잘록병원균에 대해서는 66.1% 정도의 항균작용을 나타내 전반적으로 60% 이상의 길항작용을 갖는 것으로 보였다. 길항성 균주 RB 109의 배양액을 육묘용토에 혼입처리시 고추 유묘의 초기생장이 촉진되었다. 길항성 세균 RB 109를 동정한 결과 Pseudomonas sp.와 82% 정도 유사한 균주로 동정되어 Pseudomonas sp. RB 109로 명명하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.930-938
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• 2019

Objective: Estimate genetic parameters, the rate of inbreeding, and the effect of inbreeding on growth and egg production traits of a Thai native chicken breed Lueng Hang Kao Kabinburi housed under intensive management under a tropical climate. Methods: Genetic parameters were estimated for weight measured at four weekly intervals from body weight at day 1 (BW1D) to body weight at 24 weeks (BW24) of age, as well as weight at first egg, age at first egg (AFE), egg weight at first egg, and total number of eggs (EN) produced during the first 17 weeks of lay using restricted maximum likelihood. Inbreeding depression was estimated using a linear regression of individual phenotype on inbreeding coefficient. Results: Direct additive genetic effect was significant for all traits. Maternal genetic effect and permanent environmental hen effects were significant for all early growth traits, expect for BW24. For BW24, maternal genetic effect was also significant. Permanent environmental hen effect was significant for AFE. Direct heritabilities ranged from 0.10 to 0.47 for growth traits and ranged from 0.15 to 0.16 for egg production traits. Early growth traits had high genetic correlations between them. The EN was lowly negatively correlated with other traits. The average rate of inbreeding for the population was 0.09% per year. Overall, the inbreeding had no effect on body weight traits, except for BW1D. An increase in inbreeding coefficient by 1% reduced BWID by 0.09 g (0.29% of the mean). Conclusion: Improvement in body weight gain can be achieved by selecting for early growth traits. Selection for higher body weight traits is expected to increase the weight of first egg. Due to low but unfavorable correlations with body weight traits, selection on EN needs to be combined with other traits via multi-trait index selection to improve body weight and EN simultaneously.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple cannery by-product (PCB) level on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Hanwoo steers. Methods: The feeding stage was divided into early and late finishing stages. A total of 60 castrated Hanwoo steers (13.9±0.8 months old, 418.8±36.5 kg initial body weight [BW]) were blocked by initial BW and then randomly allotted into 12 pens (five head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to control (CONT), low PCB (LPCB), or high PCB (HPCB) treatments. These diets contained 0%, 1.5%, or 3.0% of PCB (on a dry matter [DM] basis; as-fed basis was 0%, 10.6%, or 21.2%), respectively. Results: For the early finishing stage, body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) of the CONT and LPCB feeding groups were greater (p<0.05) than those of the HPCB feeding group. In addition, there were linear and quadratic effects on BWG and ADG with increasing dietary PCB level (p<0.05). The gain to feed (G:F) ratio tends to quadratically decrease with an increasing PCB level in the early finishing stage (p = 0.076). Growth performances of late finishing stage were not affected by PCB level. The marbling score of the LPCB feeding group was similar to that of the CONT feeding group. However, there was a linear decrease (p< 0.05) in marbling score and quality grade among treatments as PCB was increased in the diet. In the longissimus muscle free amino acid profile, histidine composition increased linearly (p<0.05) with an increasing level of PCB. Conclusion: The level of PCB 1.5% DM in diet can be used for finishing steers without any adverse effects on growth and carcass performances. However, there were some negative effects on growth and carcass performance in the HPCB feeding group.