• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

Purpose: Developmental disabilities (DDs) are a global childhood problem whose prevalence is rising, with a disproportionate impact on individuals in low-and middle-income countries. However, data on the prevalence of DDs in the Arab world are limited. This review highlights what is currently known about the prevalence and risk factors of DDs in preschool children in the Arab world. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for publications on DDs among preschool children in the Arab world. Only 14 studies were identified in the literature, from 12 Arab countries. Results: The overall estimated prevalence of DDs among preschool children in the Arab world is 27.5%. An analysis of risk factors for DDs showed that child-related, maternal, and family-related factors account for a significant cumulative risk of developing DDs in preschool children. Maternal factors, such as antenatal and perinatal complications, were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of DDs among preschoolers is significantly high in the Arab world, which emphasizes the importance of the early detection and diagnosis of DD, as well as its associated risk factors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2024

Pediatric obesity has rapidly increased globally over the past few decades, including in Korea. We aimed to discuss trends in the prevalence of pediatric obesity and effective prevention strategies. Its prevalence has markedly increased in most high-income nations. According to recent reports, this increase has slowed in developed countries, but the levels remain alarmingly high. In Korea, the rate of pediatric obesity has surged notably since the 1990s; however, since the 2000s, this increase has become more gradual. According to recently published 2017 growth charts, the prevalence of pediatric obesity in Korea varies slightly depending on the data source. The National School Health Examination data showed that pediatric obesity gradually increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2019, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it sharply increased to 19% in 2021. Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of pediatric obesity gradually increased from 10.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2019. This trend, which accelerated sharply to 15.9% in 2020 and 19.3% in 2021, was especially severe in boys and older children. Pediatric obesity not only affects health during childhood but also increases the risk of developing obesity and associated health conditions in adulthood. Despite ongoing research on treatment options, obesity prevention and control remain challenging. Hence, prioritizing early intervention and prevention of pediatric obesity through healthy eating habits and lifestyles is crucial. This requires intervention at the individual, family, school, and community levels.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 어머니가 지각한 가족기능(유연성, 응집성)이 자녀가 성장하는 과정에서 어떤 양상으로 변화하는지 확인하고, 변화 양상에 기초한 잠재계층에 따라 자녀의 자아존중감, 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동에 차이가 있는지 살펴보는 것이다. 잠재계층 확인을 위해 3개 시점의 자료(2013년, 2014년, 2016년), 자아존중감과 문제행동 차이 검증을 위해 5개년도 자료(2013년-2017년)를 사용하였으며, 분석 대상은 1,348명이다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 잠재계층성장분석을 적용했을 때 유연성은 저수준 증가형 집단, 중수준 증가형 집단, 중상수준 증가형 집단, 상수준 무변화형 집단, 응집성은 저수준 증가형 집단, 중수준 증가형 집단, 감소형 집단, 상수준 증가형 집단, 최상수준 무변화형 집단이 확인되었다. 둘째, 초등학령기에 해당하는 2015년(초1), 2016년(초2), 2017년(초3) 모두 유연성, 응집성의 잠재계층에 따라 자아존중감 수준에 차이가 확인되었으며, 대체로 유연성은 상수준 무변화형 집단, 응집성은 최상수준 무변화형 집단 자녀의 자아존중감이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 유아기에 해당하는 2013년, 2014년, 초등학령기에 해당하는 2015년(초1), 2017년(초3) 모두 유연성, 응집성의 잠재계층에 따라 내재화, 외현화 문제행동 수준에 차이가 확인되었으며, 유연성은 저수준 증가형 집단, 중수준 증가형 집단, 응집성은 저수준 증가형 집단, 중수준 증가형 집단, 감소형 집단의 내재화, 외현화 문제행동 수준이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 잘 기능하는 가족 시스템이 자녀의 심리사회적 적응 과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2008

Recently, many childcare centers have actively participated in assessment accreditation. 115 teachers who did participate or did not participate in the accreditation process completed a structured questionnaire, We examined differences between teachers in accredited centers and in non-accredited centers in terms of their individual characteristics, work environment, the utilization of activity materials and the interaction with children. In addition, using the regression model, we analyzed the effects of several characteristics of teachers and childcare center's accreditation on the utilization of activity materials as well as the interactions between teachers and children. The main results of this study are as follows. First, overall, the level of work environment of non-accredited centers was lower than that of accredited centers. Second, compared with teachers in non-accredited centers, teachers in accredited centers used more and higher levels of activity materials, and demonstrated a higher level of interactions with children. Third, including accreditation, use of helpers had a significant effect on the interactions between teacher and children. Forth, not only the accreditation system, but also work hours, work experience, children's age and use of helpers had a significant effect on using materials in childcare activities. Conclusively, understanding the experience of teachers in accredited centers is important hi terms of facilitating the quality of activities and the interactions with children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1974

Health at infancy and early childhood is considered an important factor for healthy life thereafter. Concept of nursing is inclusive not only of physical care but also psycho-social aspect in order to help achieve maximum state of wellness. Statistical studies reveal concept and structure of family and home tends to change towards nuclear type, ratio of female occupancy tends to increase. These tendencies will influence the method of infants and children. Purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of mothers and their children with and without occupation, method of nurturing and analyse data according to various variables, in arnder to give data for care for infants and children. During the period of June 12 though July 22, 1973, 98 mothers and their 224 children; 53 mothers with occupation with 110 children and 45 mothers without occupation with 114 children were Interviewed indirectly through check list. Results of the studies are as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1 ; Tendencies of finger sucking will be greater in children of occupant mothers due to lack of maternal love. Through chi-square examination significant difference is revealed by P>0.05 level, therefore Hypothesis 1 is rejected. (X²=0.24) 3. Hypothesis 2; of occupant mothers tend to have had wanted number of children through family planning. Ratio of wanted versus unwanted children were tested and significant difference is revealed by P<0.05 1eve1. Hypothesis 2 is supported. (X²=8.398). 3. Hypothesis 3: Non-occupant mothers tend to cuddle more while feeding infants. Significant difference Is revealed through Chi-square test by P〈0.05 level. Hypothesis 3 is rejected. (X²=4.34) Conclusion and recommendations: Occupant mothers' higher degree of interest and consideration compared to that of non-occupant mothers in regard to nurturing of their children have been ascertained by this study. These results fight have come up due to the differences of socioeconomic and cultural status of respondents. Further studies on each variable between mothers with and without occupation with similar socio-economic and cultural background are recommended.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a maternal happiness scale which can be used for mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. First, the maternal happiness scale was developed based on literature review and the consent of experts. Finally it was consisted of 56 items from 18 elements of happiness through checking the contents validity with professionals. Second, final respondents for the survey were 1300 mothers who had children with and without disabilities in Seoul, Busan, Gyeonggi, and Kyungnam. Third, the 8 factors including the 53 items were extracted through the mothers' appraisal of the items and the review of the adequacy for the factor analysis. The 8 factors were consisted with 'Family relations with family', 'Laid-back life and self-esteem', 'Physical and mental health', 'Independency and development', 'Spirituality', 'Interpersonal relations', 'Appearance', 'Sociocultual environment'. Fourth, the maternal happiness scale demonstrated appropriate levels of construct validity, item internal consistency, distribution of item response, and item discrimination. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the core factors of maternal happiness. In addition, the findings have implications for supporting mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.343-363
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• 2013

본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지의 자아상에 관해 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 현재 P시에 거주하고 있는 유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지 6명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층면담은 2012년 8월 7일에서 2012년 8월 30일까지 주 1회씩 총 3회, 회당 1시간에서 1시간 30분의 길이로 진행되었다. 그 결과, 유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지의 자아상은 크게 '나는 가족에게 내 마음같이 못해주는 아버지', '나는 아직 성공하지 못한 아버지', '나는 의무와 책임감 속에서 고독한 아버지', '나는 가족의 행복을 위해 희생하는 아버지', '나는 현대판 아버지' 등의 다섯 가지로 분류해 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 유아기 자녀를 둔 아버지의 보다 바람직한 자아상에 관해 논의하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2017

Purpose: Although it is well known thatmortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases are higher in salt-sensitive subjects than in salt-resistant subjects, their underlying mechanisms related to obesity remain unclear. Here, we focused on salt-sensitive gene variants unrelated to monogenic obesity that interacted with sodium intake in humans. Methods: This review was written based on the modified $3^rd$ step of Khans' systematic review. Instead of the literature, subject genes were based on candidate genes screened from our preliminary Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Finally, literature related to five genes strongly associated with salt sensitivity were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of obesity. Results: Salt sensitivity is a measure of how blood pressure responds to salt intake, and people are either salt-sensitive or salt-resistant. Otherwise, dietary sodium restriction may not be beneficial for everyone since salt sensitivity may be associated with inherited susceptibility. According to our previous GWAS studies, 10 candidate genes and 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with salt sensitivity were suggested, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ${\alpha}$-adducin1 (ADD1), angiotensinogen (AGT), cytochrome P450 family 11-subfamily ${\beta}$-2 ($CYP11{\beta}$-2), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), G-protein b3 subunit (GNB3), G protein-coupled receptor kinases type 4 (GRK4 A142V, GRK4 A486V), $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (HSD $11{\beta}$-2), neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down regulated 4 like (NEDD4L),and solute carrier family 12(sodium/chloride transporters)-member 3 (SLC 12A3). We found that polymorphisms of salt-sensitive genes such as ACE, $CYP11{\beta}$-2, GRK4, SLC12A3, and GNB3 may be positively associated with human obesity. Conclusion: Despite gender, ethnic, and age differences in genetics studies, hypertensive obese children and adults who are carriers of specific salt-sensitive genes are recommended to reduce their sodium intake. We believe that our findings can contribute to the prevention of early-onset of chronic diseases in obese children by facilitating personalized diet-management of obesity from childhood to adulthood.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2019

This study develops and validates an objective scale to measure newspaper use at home by elementary school students and parents. We developed a preliminary scale of 59 items through the review of literature on newspaper use and mediation as well as the examination of content validity by education experts. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A total of 42 items were supported by 703 parents with students in grades 1-6 using exploratory factor analysis. The model included 3 categories and 9 sub-factors: instruction (modeling, restriction, and text instruction), activities (play activity, conversation, online mediation, and scrap activity), and belief (academic achievement and information acquisition). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed and validated the model fit; in addition, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and cross validity was confirmed through correlation analysis by gender comparison and grade comparison. We also verified the validity of this scale through correlation analysis based on Yu and Jung (2012)'s newspaper mediation variables and scale in regards to children's motivation for using newspapers. Finally, internal consistency reliability and half reliability were also confirmed. In conclusion, the suitability and stability of home newspaper utilization scale for elementary students (HNUS-E) were confirmed. This scale provides parents and educators with ideas for the development of the children's literacy, cognitive, and affective domains that can be effectively used in research on newspaper use for school-aged children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2024

Helicobacter pylori infection is often acquired in early childhood. While most infected children remain asymptomatic, H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration, and, in the long term, gastric cancer. This article aimed to review different diagnostic and treatment options and discuss the challenges associated with applying the current guidelines in the real world. Relevant articles published from 2015 to August 2023 in the English language in PubMed and Medline electronic databases were extracted using subject headings and keywords of interest to the topic. References of interest in the selected articles were also considered. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests have advantages but also disadvantages and limitations according to the clinical setting and age of the child. Guidelines recommend not performing diagnostic testing in children with long-lasting or recurrent abdominal complaints or cases of a family history of severe disease caused by H. pylori. However, parents regularly consult with the explicit demand to test for H. pylori because of them or a close family member experiencing severe gastric disease caused by H. pylori. In some situations, it may be challenging for the healthcare professional to stick to evidence-based guidelines and not consider "patient-centered care," with the risk of putting a trustful relationship in danger. Physicians may find it challenging not to perform diagnostic tests for H. pylori and prescribe eradication treatment in specific clinical settings when maintaining a trusting patientphysician relationship by applying this "patient-centered care" method when evidence-based guidelines recommend differently.