• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2013

Recently, there have been improvements in diagnostic methods for the assessment of early caries lesions. The reason is that dental professionals are seeking methods to reliably detect incipient dental caries and to remineralize them. This review examines the literature on principles, theoretical background, and history of the Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) system (Inspektor Research Systems BV, The Netherlands). Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential application of QLF system to clinical practice for educational purpose, enabling dental hygiene students to perform oral health assessment using the QLF system. In addition, the clinical application of QLF system can motivate patients by providing additional visual information about caries and bacterial activity. The evidences on validity and reliability of the QLF system for detection of longitudinal changes in de/remineralization and caries were examined. The QLF system is capable of monitoring and quantifying mineral changes in early caries lesions. Therefore, it can be used to assess the impacts of caries preventive measures on the remineralization and reversal of the caries process. And the QLF system is a very promising equipment to assess educational effectiveness for dental hygiene students in their learning process. In conclusion, the QLF system is the most effective technology for more sensitive staging of caries and treatment without surgical intervention.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2016

치아 우식증은 어린이와 청소년에서 일생에 거쳐 지속되는 질병이며 가장 중요한 치과질환이다. 유치열기의 치아우식증은 영구치에도 영향을 미치기 때문에 유치의 치아우식증을 조기에 진단하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 또한 예방을 하는 것이 매우 중요한데 치아 우식증을 조기에 발견하여 우식 위험율이 높은 아이들에서 적극적으로 불소 도포, 치면 열구 전색 등을 미리해주는 것이 중요하다. 치아우식증을 조기에 발견하기 위한 방법들이 많이 개발되어 왔지만 더 효율적인 방법을 찾기 위해 여전히 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 일반적으로 시진과 방사선 사진을 많이 사용해왔지만 시진의 부정확성과 방사선의 조사량 등 많은 한계점을 보이고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 치아 우식증에 있어서 새로 개발된 DIAGNOcam의 임상적 적용에 대해 알아보고 그 활용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 소아치과에 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 구치부에 DIAGNOcam을 이용하여 진단한 결과 인접면 우식, 수복물의 변연 확인 및 우식의 범위 확인에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2005

이번 연구는 18개월 이전에 발생한 우식의 원인을 파악하고자 일신기독병원에 육아상담과 예방접종을 위해 내원한 생후 18개월 유아 234명과 그 보호자를 대상으로 직접면담과 구강검진을 시행하였으며 우식군과 비우식군 유아들에 대해 우식의 원인이 될 수 있는 사항들을 비교, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 유아의 유아기 우식증 유병율은 27.4%였다. 2. 우식군에서의 맏이의 비율과 어머니의 학력, 가정의 경제수준이 더 낮았다. 3. 이 시기의 이유여부는 두 집단간 차이가 없었으나, 우식군에서 연장된 모유수유 비율이 더 높았고 수유회수가 많았다. 4. 간식습관에서는 우식군에서 초콜렛, 사탕 등의 우식성 간식의 섭취비율이 높았고 과일과 우유의 섭취 비율이 낮았으며 불규칙한 간식습관을 가지고 있었다. 5. 우식군에서 구강위생관리가 시행되는 비율이 더 낮았으며 잇솔질 시작 시기가 더 늦은 편이었다. 이상의 결과를 통해서 이 시기의 유아기 우식증은 사회, 경제적인 수준과 연장된 모유수유, 불량한 간식의 종류와 습관에 의해 발현된다고 생각된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse and review deep learning convolutional neural networks for detecting and diagnosing early-stage dental caries on periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies published from 2015 to 2021 under the keywords(deep convolutional neural network) AND (caries), (deep learning caries) AND (convolutional neural network) AND (caries) were systematically reviewed. Results: When dental caries is improperly diagnosed, the lesion may eventually invade the enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue, leading to loss of tooth function. Rapid and precise detection and diagnosis are vital for implementing appropriate prevention and treatment of dental caries. Radiography and intraoral images are considered to play a vital role in detecting dental caries; nevertheless, studies have shown that 20% of suspicious areas are mistakenly diagnosed as dental caries using this technique; hence, diagnosis via radiography alone without an objective assessment is inaccurate. Identifying caries with a deep convolutional neural network-based detector enables the operator to distinguish changes in the location and morphological features of dental caries lesions. Deep learning algorithms have broader and more profound layers and are continually being developed, remarkably enhancing their precision in detecting and segmenting objects. Conclusion: Clinical applications of deep learning convolutional neural networks in the dental field have shown significant accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries, and these models hold promise in supporting dental practitioners to improve patient outcomes.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2011

The leading paradigm of dentistry had been focused on the rehabilitation treatment that identifies active caries, manages them surgically, and restores their original functions. However, changes in the external environment including the current disease prevalence require dentistry to have a paradigm shift. The new paradigm suggests the detection of caries in their earlier stages over the visual diagnosis of cavities, and the reversal of the incipient caries by non-surgical approach. For this to be achieved, a high-technology detection device recognizing changes in the earlier stages which can not he visually observed is needed. Development of early caries detection device has recently become a major issue in preventive dentistry on account of this need, and QLF(Quantitified Light induced Fluorescence) conspicuously stands out among the newly released devices. In this study, the fundamental concept of QLF(Quantitified Light induced Fluorescence) and the possible clinical applications of the earlier intraoral camera model as well as the recently designed digital camera model will be discussed.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between early childhood caries(ECC) and breastfeeding. Methods : Data of 670 children were derived from the Forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2009. Demographic and socioeconomic data, oral health related behavior, and breastfeeding practice data were collected as independent variables. The ECC was used as a dependent variable. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between ECC and the other variables. Results : Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ECC was related with age, tooth brushing frequency, and breastfeeding practice. Conclusions : This study confirmed various risk indicators of ECC in Korean children, using Korean national survey data. Parents should begin an early and consistent mouth care regime to decrease the risk of ECC.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2019

Early childhood caries is a global healthcare concern in developing and industrialized countries. If left untreated, it leads to immediate and long-term complications that affect the well-being and quality of life of concerned families. Therefore, many preventive and treatment approaches are available to the healthcare provider to curb this virulent form of caries. After behavioral interventions, general anesthesia is used in specific settings when a young patient presents with extensive teeth damage and exhibits a lack of cooperation that is incompatible with conventional dental office care. However, without proper follow-up, any positive results might be lost over time.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

뇌병변장애인은 뇌성마비, 외상성 뇌손상, 뇌졸중 등 뇌의 기질적 병변에 기인한 신체적 장애로 보행 또는 일상생활의 동작 등에 상당한 제한을 받는 사람으로 정의된다. 최근에 뇌병변 장애아동의 DMFT는 비 장애아동과 유사하거나 낮다는 연구가 있었다. 그러나, 본 증례는 중증유아기우식증이 나타난 뇌병변장애 1급 아동들을 치료한 것으로, 아동들의 공통점을 통해 중증유아기우식 우식증의 특별한 원인을 찾고자 하였다. 뇌병변으로 인한 일차적인 운동장애와 이차적인 치과치료를 받기 어려울 정도의 쇠약함, 잦은 입원, 당분이 많은 음식과 약물의 섭취, 구강위생관리 소홀, 늦은 치과 내원, 협조도 저하 등이 우식 유발인자를 높이고, 우식 예방인자를 낮추어 치아우식증을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 뇌병변 장애아동을 치료할 때, 치과의사는 개인적인 우식 위험도 평가를 통해 철저한 우식 예방프로그램을 만들고, 부모와 의학적 주치의는 구강관리의 중요성을 인식하여 조기 치과 내원 및 홈케어에 신경을 써야 할 것이다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2012

A new method for early caries diagnosis was proposed and tested through a home-made optical examination system that used quantitative light fluorescence (QLF) and digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (FOTI) (DIFOTI), with light sources across a wide spectral range, from 350 nm to 1,000 nm. The front-illuminated infrared light scattering image (FIR) showed similar diagnostic abilities to that of DIFOTI. The FIR method was invented based on the observation that caries lesions lose the high transmittance and low scattering properties of benign enamel tissue. There are various methods for the early diagnosis of caries, such as visual examination, exploration, X-ray radiography, QLF, FOTI, and infrared fluorescence (diagnodent). Among them, methods based on optical properties are regarded as having the most potential. A comparative study was performed between the FOTI, QLF, diagnodent, optical coherence tomography, and FIR scattering image methods, using 20 extracted teeth samples with early caries. A scale of lesion measurement based on optical image contrast was proposed. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the DIFOTI and FIR methods (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). However, the QLF and diagnodent methods showed little association with FIR images, as they have different detection principles as compared with FIR. Tomographic images obtained by OCT, using 1,330 nm super luminescent LED as a gold standard of tooth structure, verified that the FOTI and FIR results correctly represented the lack of homogeneity in dental tissue. The newly proposed FIR method attained similar diagnostic results to those of FOTI, but with an easier approach.