• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2002

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death from cancer worldwide with about 500,000 deaths per year. A strong association between certain human papilloma viruses (HPV type 16 and 18) and cervical cancer has been well known. An extract of Saururus chinensis, named as PE-46, has been used to investigate whether this agent has the ability of inhibiting the oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16. PE-46 inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines in a dose response manner. PE-46 also inhibited the in vitro binding of E6 and E6AP which are essential for the binding and degradation of the tumor suppressor p53. In addition, PE-46 inhibited the in vitro binding of E7 and Rb which is essential tumor suppressor for the control of cell cycle. The levels of mRNA for E6 and E7 were also decreased by PE-46. SiHa cells treated with PE-46 induced G0/G1 arrest, resulting in inhibition of growth. Our study showed that the PE-46 can inhibit the cervical carcinomas via both inhibition of bindings between oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and inhibition of G1longrightarrowS transition. PE-46 inhibited the oncogenecity of E6 and E7 of HPV 16 type, thus could be used as a putative modulating agent for the treatment of cervical carcinomas caused by HPV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1335-1343
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• 2022

COVID-19 is an emerging disease that poses a severe threat to global public health. As such, there is an urgent demand for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Here, we describe a virus-like nanoparticle candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 produced by an E. coli expression system. The fusion protein of a truncated ORF2-encoded protein of aa 439~608 (p170) from hepatitis E virus CCJD-517 and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 were expressed, purified and characterized. The antigenicity and immunogenicity of p170-RBD were evaluated in vitro and in Kunming mice. Our investigation revealed that p170-RBD self-assembled into approximately 24 nm virus-like particles, which could bind to serum from vaccinated people (p < 0.001) and receptors on cells. Immunization with p170-RBD induced the titer of IgG antibody vaccine increased from 14 days post-immunization and was significantly enhanced after a booster immunization at 28 dpi, ultimately reaching a peak level on 42 dpi with a titer of 4.97 log₁₀. Pseudovirus neutralization tests showed that the candidate vaccine induced a strong neutralizing antibody response in mice. In this research, we demonstrated that p170-RBD possesses strong antigenicity and immunogenicity and could be a potential candidate for use in future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.167.2-168
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• 2002

• 암석학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.89-107
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• 1996

제주도의 알칼리암류 및 솔라아이트에 대한 Sr, Nd 그리고 Pb 동위원소비의 특징은 서루 유사하거나, 솔리아이트가 조금 더 부화된 특징을 갖는다. 그러나 분출시기에 따라 솔리아이트의 즉징을 구분하면, 전기의 것은 Lee (1982)의 용암대지 형성기의 알칼리암류와 유사한 반면, 후기의 것은 이 연구의 알칼리암류와 유사하다. 이는 알칼리암류와 솔리아이트가 동질의 근원에서 유래하였음을 지시하며, 분출 시기에 따라 부분용융된 맨틀 근원지으 성질이 차이가 있었음을 시사한다. 제주도 화산암류는 사모아 군도의 화산암류의 변화 및 남중국 분지 화산암류의 변화 경향과 중첩되어 DMM과 EM II 사이의 혼합으로 잘 설명될 수 있는 변화경향을 지닌다. 이는 제주도를 제외한 우리나라의 신생대 화산암류 및 북동 중국 화산암류들이 DMM-EM I사이의 혼합으로 설명이 되는 변화경향을 보이는 것과 차이가 난다. DMM-EM II 맨틀 물질간의 섞임 계산 결과, 제주도 화산암류를 형성한 맨틀 물질은 결핍 맨틀 (DMM)에 부화된 맨틀 (EMII)물질이 약 10% 이내의 비율로 섞인 특징을 가짐을 지시한다. 제주도를 포함한 우리나라 및 중국의 신생대 화산암류의 동위원소적 특징을 북중국 지괴와 남중국 지괴으 충돌이론(예,Yin and Nie, 1993)과 결부시키면, 부화된 맨틀 물질의 공급원으로 고려되는 대륙암권 맨틀의 지화학적 조성이 지괴에 따라 차이가 있었음을 나타낸다. 즉 북중국 지괴는 EM I의 표식을, 남중국 지괴는 EM II의 표식을 가지고 있었을 경우로 설명될 수 있음을 제시한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

The comparative efficacy of 2 anthelmintics (ivermectin and levamisole) against Baylisascaris transfuga migrating and encapsulated larvae was studied in mice. A total of 60 BALB/c mice inoculated each with about 1,000 embryonated B. transfuga eggs were equally divided into 6 groups (A-F) randomly. Mice of groups A and B were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice of groups A-C were killed on day 13 PI. Similarly, groups D and E were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 14 PI, and all mice of groups D-F were treated on day 24 PI. The groups C and F were controls. Microexamination was conducted to count the larvae recovering from each mouse. The percentages of reduction in the number of migrating larvae recovered from group A (ivermectin) and B (levamisole) were 88.3% and 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the reduction in encapsulated larvae counts achieved by ivermectin (group D) and levamisole (group E) was 75.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The results suggested that, to a certain extent, both anthelmintics appeared to be more effective against migrating larvae than encapsulated larvae. However, in the incipient stage of infection, ivermectin may be more competent than levamisole as a larvicidal drug for B. transfuga.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

Microbial oxidoreductive systems have been widely used in asymmetric syntheses of optically active alcohols. However, when reused in multi-batch reaction, the catalytic efficiency and sustainability of non-growing cells usually decreased because of continuous consumption of required cofactors during the reaction process. A novel method for NADPH regeneration in cells was proposed by using pentose metabolism in microorganisms. Addition of D-xylose, L-arabinose, or D-ribose to the reaction significantly improved the conversion efficiency of deracemization of racemic 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol to (S)-isomer by Candida parapsilosis cells already used once, which afforded the product with high optical purity over 97%e.e. in high yield over 85% under an increased substrate concentration of 15 g/l. Compared with reactions without xylose, xylose added to multi-batch reactions had no influence on the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the key step in deracemization, but performed a promoting effect on the recovery of the metabolic activity of the non-growing cells with its consumption in each batch. The detection of activities of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from cell-free extract of C. parapsilosis made xylose metabolism feasible in cells, and the depression of the pentose phosphate pathway inhibitor to this reaction further indicated that xylose facilitated the NADPH-required deracemization through the pentose phosphate pathway in C. parapsilosis. moreover, by investigating the cofactor pool, the xylose addition in reaction batches giving more NADPH, compared with those without xylose, suggested that the higher catalytic efficiency and sustainability of C. parapsilosis non-growing cells had resulted from xylose metabolism recycling NADPH for the deracemization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2000

An improved method of refolding recombinant human proinsulin from E. coli was presented. It was based on a two-stage stirred tank reactor in which denatured proinsulin-s-sulfonate was mixed instantaneously with a reaction buffer in the first stage reactor, and then fed to the second stage reactor. The mixture was stirred further for a total of 30h in the second stage reactor. In this system, unfavorable effects present due to the increase in reaction volume and protein concentration for protein refolding, which becomes significant in a large-scale operation, were avoided. Refolding yields of over 80% was obtained for achieving reaction volume of upto 50 l at protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. The optimum urea concentration was 1M. Refolding yield at the 1-1 reaction volume and protein concentration of 0.5mg/ml was increased about 2.5-fold, compared to that in a batch reactor. By increasing protein concentration in a two-stage refolding reaction, the cost for insulin production could be reduced, therefore, making this process economical.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.715-742
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• 2017

Earth berms are often left in place to support retaining walls or piles in order to eliminate horizontal struts in excavations of soft soil areas. However, if the excavation depth is relatively large, an earth berm-supported retaining system may not be applicable and could be replaced by a multi-bench retaining system. However, studies on multi-bench retaining systems are limited. The goal of this investigation is to study the deformation characteristics, internal forces and interaction mechanisms of the retaining structures in a multi-bench retaining system and the failure modes of this retaining system. Therefore, a series of model tests of a two-bench retaining system was designed and conducted, and corresponding finite difference simulations were developed to back-analyze the model tests and for further analysis. The tests and numerical results show that the distance between the two rows of retaining piles (bench width) and their embedded lengths can significantly influence the relative movement between the piles; this relative movement determines the horizontal stress distribution in the soil between the two rows of piles (i.e., the bench zone) and thus determines the bending moments in the retaining piles. As the bench width increases, the deformations and bending moments in the retaining piles decrease, while the excavation stability increases. If the second retaining piles are longer than a certain length, they will experience a larger bending moment than the first retaining piles and become the primary retaining structure. In addition, for varying bench widths, the slip surface formation differs, and the failure modes of two-bench retained excavations can be divided into three types: integrated failure, interactive failure and disconnected failure.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2021

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important infectious pathogen implicated in porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Objectives: A suitable viral vector-mediated gene transfer platform for the expression of the capsid protein (Cap) is an attractive strategy. Methods: In the present study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was constructed to encode Cap (Cap-rAAV) in vitro and in vivo after gene transfer. Results: The obtained results showed that Cap could be expressed in HEK293T cells and BABL/c mice. The results of lymphocytes proliferative, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a and interferon-γ showed strong cellular immune responses induced by Cap-rAAV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers obtained and the IgG1 and interleukin-4 levels showed that humoral immune responses were also induced by Cap-rAAV. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the rAAV8 vaccine Cap-rAAV can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating a potential rAAV8 vaccine against PCV2. Conclusions: The injection of rAAV8 encoding PCV2 Cap genes into muscle tissue can ensure long-term, continuous, and systemic expression.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.408-417
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• 2022

Purpose: Treatment options are limited after the failure of first-and second-line treatments in patients with HER2⁺ metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). The present study aimed to explore the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of apatinib efficacy as a third-line therapy for patients with human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2⁺) mGC. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 HER2⁺ mGC patients who received apatinib as third-line therapy were retrospectively enrolled in this two-center, single-arm, cohort study; the clinical response, survival data, and adverse events were retrieved. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-6.5), and the median overall survival (OS) was 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.6-9.8) Furthermore, forward stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score and multiple metastases were independently correlated with decreased PFS and OS (both P<0.05). The main adverse events were leukopenia (45.8%), hypertension (44.1%), thrombocytopenia (39.0%), hand-foot syndrome (37.3%), and elevated transaminase (33.9%). Grade 3 adverse events mainly included hypertension (5.1%) and neutropenia (5.1%); grade 4 adverse events did not occur. Conclusions: Apatinib is efficient and well tolerated in patients with HER2⁺ mGC as a third-line treatment, suggesting that it may be a candidate of choice for these patients.