• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.64-73
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• 2006

In this paper, I explored the direction of ICT used learning that can improve the access ability of e-learning to activate a neglected class's lifelong education by e-learning. I had a good grasp of a neglected class's actual condition of the access ability of e-learning and presented the direction of basic ICT used learning for the adults that can improve the access ability for the lifelong education by e-learning. According to the result of this research, it was found that the adult learners had a considerable disparity by age group. Therefore, it is desirable that they had to learn ICT used learning with considering the actual condition by age. Teenagers and 20 years of age need to be learned in order of an Internet club, word processor, moving picture and etc. It needs to be teamed for the $30{\sim}40$ age bracket lil order of a chat, an Internet club, searching engines and etc and for the $30{\sim}40$ age bracket in order of a chat, an Internet club and moving picture and etc. And also it needs to induce a neglected class to develope participation abilities for themselves by activating an internet club activity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Objectives: Boswellic acid (BA), a compound isolated from the gum-resin of Boswellia carterii, is a pentacyclic terpenoid that is active against many inflammatory diseases, including cancer, arthritis, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and memory impairment, but the mechanism is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of boswellic acid on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by trimethyltin (TMT) in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Normal group, TMT-administrated rats (8.0 mg/kg, Intraperitoneally, i.p.) and TMT + BA (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, i.p.)-administrated rats. BA was used daily for 21 days. To evaluate the cognitive improving of BA, we performed the Morris water maze test. Moreover, to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BA, we determined the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione (GSH) content in the cerebral cortex. Results: Treatment with TMT impaired learning and memory, and treatment with BA at a dose of 160 mg/kg produced a significant improvement in learning and memory abilities in the water maze tasks. Consistent with behavioral data, the activity of AChE was significantly increased in the TMT-injected rats compared to the control group (P < 0.01) whereas all groups treated with BA presented a more significant inhibitory effect against AChE than the TMT-injected animals. In addition, TMT reduced the GSH content and increased the MDA level in the cerebral cortex as compared to the control group) P < 0.01). On the other hand, treatment with BA at 160 mg/kg slightly increased the GSH content and reduced the MDA level in comparison to the TMT-administered group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The above results suggest that the effect of BA in improving the cognitive function may be mediated through its antioxidant activity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1372-1384
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• 2024

The discrimination of the source for xenon gases' release can provide an important clue for detecting the nuclear activities in the neighboring countries. In this paper, three machine learning techniques, which are logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN), were applied to develop the predictive models for discriminating the source for xenon gases' release based on the xenon isotopic activity ratio data which were generated using the depletion codes, i.e., ORIGEN in SCALE 6.2 and Serpent, for the probable sources. The considered sources for the neighboring countries of South Korea include PWRs, CANDUs, IRT-2000, Yongbyun 5 MWe reactor, and nuclear tests with plutonium and uranium. The results of the analysis showed that the overall prediction accuracies of models with SVM and KNN using six inputs, all exceeded 90%. Particularly, the models based on SVM and KNN that used six or three xenon isotope activity ratios with three classification categories, namely reactor, plutonium bomb, and uranium bomb, had accuracy levels greater than 88%. The prediction performances demonstrate the applicability of machine learning algorithms to predict nuclear threat using ratios of xenon isotopic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.732-737
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• 2008

As e-learning is recognized in new education form, Learning Management System that manage general activity of learning to maximize effect of education is being developed actively. Usually, Learning Management System includes course registration and learning as well as learner's learning recording and tracking, evaluation in online. But, most systems is lacking a tool that learners can collaborate with companion learners, and planning learning and set valuation basis as leading. In this paper, we can expect effective collaborative learning activities because can make debate and team project smooth by suggesting collaborative learning module that can drive voluntary participation such as group formation, learning plan, mutually estimation as leading to learner in Learning Management System of blended learning base that support online and offline environment both.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.18-23
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• 2008

With the development of information communication and network technologies, ubiquitous era that supports various services regardless of places and time has been advancing. The development of such technologies has a great influence on educational environments. As a result, e-learning concepts that learners use learning contents in anywhere and anytime have been proposed. The various learning contents authoring systems that consider the e-learning environments have also been developed. However, since most of the existing authoring systems support only PC environments, they are not suitable for various ubiquitous mobile devices. In this paper, we design and implement a contents authoring system based on learning activities for u-learning environments. Our authoring system significantly improves the efficiency for authoring contents and supports various ubiquitous devices as well as PCs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Objectives : Investigation of the memory and cognitive enhancing effect of HT008-1 in scopolamine induced amnesia mice. Methods : At 60 min before acquisition trials, HT008-1 (30, 100, 300 mg/kg p.o.) was administered, and 30 min later, mice were injected with scopolamin (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In the passive avoidance test, acquisition trials were carried out 30 min after a single scopolamine treatment. Retention trials were carried out 24h after acquisition trials. Y-maze test was carried out 30 min after a single scopolamine treatment. Spontaneous alternation behavior during an 8-min session was recorded. Inhibitory effects of HT008-1 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/ml) on AChE activity was measured. Result : HT008-1 ameliorated scopolamine-induced learning impairments and spatial cognitive function in passive avoidance and Y-maze test, respectively. Moreover HT008-1 showed a significant inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Discussion: This study presented that eMultiherb mixture HT008-1 enhanced learning memory and spatial cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice. These results suggest that the effect of HT008-1 may be dependent on the inhibition of AChE activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2002

This research was done to make the effective prescription and cope with various senile dementia. Sprague-Dawley rats were injured by ibotenic acid to make a damage on learning and memory functions of model rats. At first acquisition test and retention rest were done in the Morris water maze. And to evaluate the effects of the sample drug(GSD) on choline acetyltranferase and acetylcholine esterase, immunoreactive measurement and enzymatic activity measuring were carried out. The ibotenic acid were injected to hippocampus CA1 and CA3 area. Conclusion : GSD improved the learning ability in the acquisition test and memory function in the retention test significantly. And GSD increased the level of ChAT which is synthesizing acetylcholine in CA1 area, and at the same time it increased the level of AChE which is resolving acetylcholine. These results show that GSD improved the cholinergic catabolism and anabolism, and the increment of metabolic activity of cholinergic system. In other words, it contributes to the recovery of damaged learning and memory function by ibotenic acid. So it can be concluded that GSD will be helpful to cholinergic brain damage induced by primary or senile reduction of acetylcholine secretive activity.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2018

Since the global positioning system (GPS) has been included in mobile devices (e.g., for car navigation, in smartphones, and in smart watches), the impact of personal GPS log data on daily life has been unprecedented. For example, such log data have been used to solve public problems, such as mass transit traffic patterns, finding optimum travelers' routes, and determining prospective business zones. However, a real-time analysis technique for GPS log data has been unattainable due to theoretical limitations. We introduced a machine learning model in order to resolve the limitation. In this paper presents a new, three-stage real-time prediction model for a person's daily route activity. In the first stage, a machine learning-based clustering algorithm is adopted for place detection. The training data set was a personal GPS tracking history. In the second stage, prediction of a new person's transient mode is studied. In the third stage, to represent the person's activity on those daily routes, inference rules are applied.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2013

In Smart Education, the roles of digital textbook is very important as face-to-face media to learners. The standardization of digital textbook will promote the industrialization of digital textbook for contents providers and distributers as well as learner and instructors. In this study, the following three objectives-oriented digital textbooks are looking for ways to standardize. (1) digital textbooks should undertake the role of the media for blended learning which supports on-off classes, should be operating on common EPUB viewer without special dedicated viewer, should utilize the existing framework of the e-learning learning contents and learning management. The reason to consider the EPUB as the standard for digital textbooks is that digital textbooks don't need to specify antoher standard for the form of books, and can take advantage od industrial base with EPUB standards-rich content and distribution structure (2) digital textbooks should provide a low-cost open market service that are currently available as the standard open software (3) To provide appropriate learning feedback information to students, digital textbooks should provide a foundation which accumulates and manages all the learning activity information according to standard infrastructure for educational Big Data processing. In this study, the digital textbook in a smart education environment was referred to open digital textbook. The components of open digital textbooks service framework are (1) digital textbook terminals such as smart pad, smart TVs, smart phones, PC, etc., (2) digital textbooks platform to show and perform digital contents on digital textbook terminals, (3) learning contents repository, which exist on the cloud, maintains accredited learning, (4) App Store providing and distributing secondary learning contents and learning tools by learning contents developing companies, and (5) LMS as a learning support/management tool which on-site class teacher use for creating classroom instruction materials. In addition, locating all of the hardware and software implement a smart education service within the cloud must have take advantage of the cloud computing for efficient management and reducing expense. The open digital textbooks of smart education is consdered as providing e-book style interface of LMS to learners. In open digital textbooks, the representation of text, image, audio, video, equations, etc. is basic function. But painting, writing, problem solving, etc are beyond the capabilities of a simple e-book. The Communication of teacher-to-student, learner-to-learnert, tems-to-team is required by using the open digital textbook. To represent student demographics, portfolio information, and class information, the standard used in e-learning is desirable. To process learner tracking information about the activities of the learner for LMS(Learning Management System), open digital textbook must have the recording function and the commnincating function with LMS. DRM is a function for protecting various copyright. Currently DRMs of e-boook are controlled by the corresponding book viewer. If open digital textbook admitt DRM that is used in a variety of different DRM standards of various e-book viewer, the implementation of redundant features can be avoided. Security/privacy functions are required to protect information about the study or instruction from a third party UDL (Universal Design for Learning) is learning support function for those with disabilities have difficulty in learning courses. The open digital textbook, which is based on E-book standard EPUB 3.0, must (1) record the learning activity log information, and (2) communicate with the server to support the learning activity. While the recording function and the communication function, which is not determined on current standards, is implemented as a JavaScript and is utilized in the current EPUB 3.0 viewer, ths strategy of proposing such recording and communication functions as the next generation of e-book standard, or special standard (EPUB 3.0 for education) is needed. Future research in this study will implement open source program with the proposed open digital textbook standard and present a new educational services including Big Data analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 1997

The purpose of thesis is to design and implement an efficient Internet-Based courseware which facilitates the problem solving learning. This courseware was developed in order to provide important foundations of learning in open-education environment using WWW. The targeted level is elementary students, To do this, the definition of problem solving, its processes, and advantages or pitfalls of computer-based problem solving learning were examined, with the advantage of using WWW as an educational tool. The theme of implemented courseware was selected from SATIS which is relevant for the problem solving learning. The courseware has three main parts; learning activity module, teaching activity module, and learning tool module. The learning activity module controls courseware flows and was implemented in accordance with the problem-based teaming processes. It: can be proceeded either sequential way or random access by setting linker. The advantage of random accessing method is that it may facilitate student learning because each student can regulate their learning processes which correspond to their own experiences. The teaching activity module provides for teachers useful informations for helping student's learning and it also can be used as an assessment tool for student's achievements, The learning: tool module consists of conversational note, e-mail address, help, and search tool. It is linked with learning activity module and teaching activity module so that teachers and students can actively participate in teaching-learning processes.