• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze the determinants of licensing behaviors of manufacturing firms empirically in non-advanced exporting countries. Research design and methodology - We try to approach licensing behavior from the perspective of innovation strategy and open innovation, and deal with two activities composing licensing, i.e. licensing-in and licensing-out using the result of Korean Innovation Survey Results - Firstly, Organizational characteristic factors, particularly the size and size related factors influence the firm behavior of licensing-out, but not in case of licensing-in. Secondly, innovation strategy influences the firm behavior of licensing-in, but not in case of licensing-out. Lastly, the determinants of licensing-in and that of licensing-out are different. Conclusions - In general, firms doing licensing-out have many complementary assets and orientation for global markets. Meanwhile, firms doing licensing-in are innovative firms utilizing patent as an appropriation mechanism. Licensing-out have relevance with product market-related factors and licensing-in have more relevance with technology market-related factors

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.207-213
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• 1999

When function modeling with IDEF0 which is called as a standard methodology for CALS (FIPS 183), the initial work is to determine the purpose and viewpoint, and the next work is to generate a data list and an activity list. This work requires participant's discussion and agreements. The main problems for these working are a communication between participants and efficient discussion processing. Brainstorming is the most useful method for this work. The paper is for development for the modeling assistant tool to promote the business modeling. In this paper, we will introduce the tool which name is 'MindMapper' and 'Dyna-IDEF'. Mind-mapper is software for mind-map method that is used for creative thinking. Using this tool, we refine the result of the brainstorming about activity list and translate the result into the functional model of IDEF0 using Dyna-IDEF. The translated functional model is prototype model without ICOM arrows.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1134-1136
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• 2003

In this research, GIS based evaluation methods were applied to habitats of Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus Schlegel) in northern Honshu. The study area was divided into 828 small watershed units , and five GIS indexes, Vegetation Type（V.T.）, Extent of Forest Cover (E.F.C.) Slope Incline (S.I), Average Altitude (A.A.) and Road Density(R.D.), were used to evaluate each watershed unit in terms of suitability as black bear habitat. In addition, Interspersion and Juxtaposition spatial indices were calculated for each watershed unit. The results clearly identified the regions with the most suitable habitats, indicating that this methodology is suitable for application to various environmental planning efforts, such as regional development master plans, project-specific environmental impact assessments, species management plans and biodiversity conservation plans.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

Purpose: This study seeks to establish the environmental damage theory applicable to Kenya. The analysis is based on annual data drawn from World Bank on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) for Kenya spanning 1963 to 2017. Research Methodology: The study adopts explanatory research design and autoregressive distributed lag model for analysis. Results: The results revealed a coefficient of -0.017 for GDPPC and 0.004 for GDPPC squared indicating that economic growth has negative effect on CO2e in the initial stages of growth but positive effect in the high growth regime with the marginal effect being higher in the initial growth regime. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship consistent with Brundtland Curve Hypothesis (BCH). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for sustainable development path that enables present generations to meet own needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to meet their own. Sustainable development may include, investment in renewable energies like wind, solar and adoption of energy efficient technologies in production and manufacturing. The study concludes that BCH is applicable to Kenya and that developing affordable and effective mechanisms to boost sustainable development implementation is necessary to decrease the anthropogenic impact in the environment without any attendant reduction in the economic growth.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.195-214
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the factors (experience value, social capital, cultural capital) affecting users' engagement in UGC platform, and to examine their effect on relationship commitment. The study further attempted to confirm the moderating effect of the need for self-expression. Design/methodology/approach - Data was collected from 230 UGC users through a survey, and the study performed a structural equation model analysis to validate the conceptual model which contains five research hypotheses. Findings - The study found that only service value, one of experiential values, has a significant positive (+) effect on customer engagement and that social capital and cultural capital also have a significant positive (+) effect on customer engagement In addition, customer engagement in the UGC platform was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on the relationship commitment. However, the need for self-expression did not moderate the relationship between customer engagement and relationship commitment. Research implications or Originality - Marketing strategies that can strengthen UGC users' engagement factors can lead up to follow-up research, which finds ways to improve not only users' engagement but also sustained relationship with the UGC platforms.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2024

Purposes: The study aimed at examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the shift of online consumer purchasing behavior and whether the new behaviors would be maintained after the epidemic season. The study also aims to investigate how online customers change based on perceived risks. Research design and Methodology: The study investigated purchasing behavior of the same 377 online Vietnamese consumers during two periods: (1) during the period of social distancing and (2) one and half year after that, allowing data to be collected in real time, so that consumers do not have to recall their behavior. Results: Purchasing behavior appeared to be more influenced by gender, age and household size. Aged consumers are more concerned about risks than those in the younger group, who only worry about the risks during the pandemic. Consumers in households with two or more people are more concerned about the risks than those living alone. Female appeared to be more influential in both during and after pandemic than male. Conclusions: The findings contribute to clarify shift of online consumer purchasing behavior, which helps business to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance their presence in the e-commerce sector.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

Purpose - This article aims to present and test a model regarding franchisors' supporting activities that may positively influence franchisees' attitude toward the franchising headquarter and their own business performance. Moreover, the authors examine the moderating effect of competitive intensity between franchisee attitude and business performance. Most previous research focused on behavioral performance measurements such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment. There are few empirical studies that focus on financial performance data because it is difficult to determine a relational mechanism between behavioral and financial performance. Moreover, financial data is confidential and difficult to collect in many cases. However, this study measures financial performance (e.g., sales revenue per square meter) differently than most previous research, which is mostly focused on the behavioral performance measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our hypotheses, we selected 137 franchisee managers who are running chains of one of the foremost bakery franchise brands in South Korea. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument by analyzing the data obtained from the samples. The data was analyzed using the AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The results indicated that: non-financial support activities (e.g., information exchange and communication) had a positive impact on the franchisee attitude toward the franchising headquarter. The franchisee attitude in turn had a positive effect on the headquarters' business performance. Furthermore, competitive intensity could enhance the relationship between franchisee attitude toward franchising headquarter and business performance in a local franchise market. However, financial support activities (e.g., rewards and promotional support) and training had no relationship with either franchisee attitude or business performance. Conclusions - This study provides some practical implications to franchisors in terms of franchise operation and store opening strategies. With respect to the franchise operation strategy, franchisors need to focus on non-financial rather than financial support. Most franchisees consider the necessity of financial support activities and not their sufficiency because these activities are specified in their franchise contract. In addition, it is important for franchisees to maintain a positive attitude for the franchise headquarters. The franchisees with a positive attitude for the franchisor can show a high degree of solidarity for various support activities, and it consequently determines franchisees' sales performance. In terms of franchise store opening strategy, this study suggests an additional criterion that can be considered in determining the location of direct and non-direct management stores (e.g., franchisees' stores). In this research, franchise stores located within high level of competitive intensity are shown to have a high relationship between franchisee attitudes of franchisor support activities and business performance compared to the franchisees located within low competitive intensity level. This result shows that opening non-direct franchise stores is more effective than direct stores in higher competitive market situations. Research contribution, implications, and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2023

Purpose - Internet-based e-commerce is rapidly developing and applied, and e-commerce through Internet technology overcomes the time and space constraints of existing business exchanges and facilitates multinational transactions.At the same time, disputes over e-commerce are increasing.In order to solve these disputes, clear laws should be regulated and regulated. Design/methodology/approach - This paper first studies the development and trend of E-commerce, then studies the legal provisions of CISG, and then combines them to analyze and draw a conclusion. Findings - Since its enactment in 1980, the CISG has been one of the most influential international commercial laws to date, with 95 States parties. It is a very important international agreement and norm that helps maintain and facilitate the settlement of international trade disputes and coordination of international merchandise sales activities. However, CISG, which is most widely used in traditional trade, faces many challenges due to the nature of E-commerce, but after studying the development and trend of E-commerce and the legal provisions of E-commerce, we conclude that CISG can be applied to E-commerce. Research implications or Originality - All the international conventions are the fruit of the efforts of the people, CISG, as one of the most important unitary laws of international trade, can be said to be representative.The analysis of CISG's legal provisions should be combined with the current international e-commerce trade form, so that CISG can be reasonably applied to modern trade disputes.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the development and characteristics of e-commerce in China and analyze the current status of e-commerce platforms in China. Research design, data and methodology: To explore the development of e- commerce in China, this study collects and analyzes Chinese journals and secondary sources. It also conducts a case analysis of the success strategies of leading Chinese e-commerce companies. Results: The analysis showed that China's e-commerce is active in various forms of e-commerce, including B2B, B2C, and C2C, and that the development of e-commerce in China has been divided into three main stages. The Chinese government has been actively implementing various policies to promote the development of e-commerce. Conclusions: In this context, this paper specifically examines the development process of e- commerce in China, the current status of the Chinese e-commerce market, and the characteristics of the Chinese e-commerce market. In addition, the paper analyzes representative B2B, B2C, and C2C companies in China's e-commerce market. The results of the analysis show that Huichongwang, a B2B company, Jingdong, a B2C company, and Taobao, a C2C company, have achieved rapid growth through their core strategies and capabilities. The study also analyzed in detail the problems faced by the Chinese government and companies.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2010

It is crucially important to exchange and manage the financial information of an organization for the reason of complexity and diversity of information caused by its implicit information involved. Especially, according to the development of information technology, various approaches appeared to manage financial data of organization. For example, XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) is one of the technologies dealing with the above criteria. Basically, XBRL is a business reporting language to define and exchange financial information, such as a financial statement of organization. XBRL is an international standard which enables the exchange of information between information providers and consumers by adding the tags involving the information of circumstantial factors of data. However, XBRL is not able to describe semantics because XBRL is fundamentally based on XML(Extensible Markup Language) having the purpose of expressing and structuring data. Therefore, this paper aims to enable semantic information to XBRL through the semantic technology. The objective of this paper is an ontologization of the knowledge to perform sharing, reusing, discovering, and inferring the knowledge described and conducted by XBRL. In order to achieve the above objective, this paper suggests the methodology for the ontologization of the category and instance document of XBRL. Furthermore, this paper points out the possibility of suggested methodology in a practical business through indicating the advantages of the knowledge described by XBRL.