• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 2011년도 추계 총회 및 창립 30주년 기념 심포지엄
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

The key features of an intelligent and dynamic design methodology for rock engineering projects has been introduced and summarized firstly, which include some new functions such as intelligent recognition of mechanical rockmass parameters, strategies to select modeling methods and codes, integrated feedback modeling and information, and technical auditing in rock engineering design process. Then typical examples of applications of the dynamic design methodology in some large slopes, underground powerhouses in China are summarized. The discussions are given for the future of the methodology.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.275-287
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• 2020

Rectangular barrettes have been increasingly used as foundations for many infrastructure projects, but the vertical vibration of a barrette has been rarely addressed theoretically. This paper presents an analysis method of dynamic response for a rectangular barrette subjected to a time-harmonic vertical force with the aid of a modified Vlasov foundation model in multilayered viscoelastic soil. The barrette-soil system is modeled as a continuum, the vertical continuous displacement model for the barrette and soil is proposed. The governing equations of the barrette-soil system and the boundary conditions are obtained and the vertical shaft resistance of barrette is established by employing Hamilton's principle for the system and thin layer element, respectively. The physical meaning of the governing equations and shaft resistance is interpreted. The iterative solution algorithm flow is proposed to obtain the dynamic response of barrette. Good agreement of the analysis and comparison confirms the correctness of the present solution. A parametric study is further used to demonstrate the effects of cross section aspect ratio of barrettes, depth of soil column, and module ratio of substratum to the upper soil layers on the complex barrette-head stiffness and the resistance stiffness.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.846-864
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• 2017

Software Defined Network (SDN) realizes management and control over the underlying forwarding device, along with acquisition and analysis of network topology and flow characters through south bridge protocol. Data path Identification (DPID) is the unique identity for managing the underlying device, so forged DPID can be used to attack the link of underlying forwarding devices, as well as carry out DoS over the upper-level controller. This paper proposes a dynamic defense method based on Client-Puzzle model, in which the controller achieves dynamic management over requests from forwarding devices through generating questions with multi-level difficulty. This method can rapidly reduce network load, and at the same time separate attack flow from legal flow, enabling the controller to provide continuous service for legal visit. We conduct experiments on open-source SDN controllers like Fluid and Ryu, the result of which verifies feasibility of this defense method. The experimental result also shows that when cost of controller and forwarding device increases by about 2%-5%, the cost of attacker's CPU increases by near 90%, which greatly raises the attack difficulty for attackers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 2023

With the development and utilization of urban underground space, the artificial ground freezing technology has been widely used in the construction of underground engineering in soft soil areas. The mechanical properties of soft clay changed greatly after freezing and thawing, which affected the seismic performance of underground structures. In this paper, a series of triaxial tests were carried out to study the dynamic response of the freezing-thawing clay under the seismic load considering different dynamic stress amplitudes and different confining pressures. The reduction factor of dynamic shear stress was determined to correct the amplitude of the seismic load. The deformation development mode, the stress-strain relationship and the energy dissipation behavior of the soft clay under the seismic load were analyzed. An empirical model for predicting accumulative plastic strain was proposed and validated considering the loading times, the confining pressures and the dynamic stress amplitudes. The relevant research results can provide a theoretical reference to the seismic design of underground structures in soft clay areas.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.217-231
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• 2022

This study investigates the geometrical impact on the nanomedicine drug delivery via nanodevices. A nanomotor made of the nanotube carrying the drug as the motor blade is considered in the blood flow. Physical activities change the blood flow, and sports training enhances the blood flow and plays a significant role in the stability of drug delivery devices. This paper studies the impact of geometrical parameters on the nanomotors carrying the nanomedicine. The effect of physical exercise on the dynamic response regarding the stability of drug delivery devices is discussed in detail.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권6B호
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• pp.977-983
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• 2010

군용 네트워크에서는 이동성과 보안성을 지원하기 위하여 네트워크의 물리적 구성 형태와 상관없이 IPSec ESP 터널들이 Full mesh 형태로 IPSec 장치들을 연결하고 있으며 이 장치들 간에는 멀티케스트 통신이 필요하다. IPSec 장치들은 변화하는 IPSec 터널들을 지원하기 위하여 멀티케스트 그룹키를 동적으로 갱신시킬 수 있어야 한다. 또 특정한 그룹을 형성하는 전술 단말 측면에서도 그룹 구성원 간에 보안성 있는 멀티케스트 통신을 제공해 주어야 한다. 이러한 단말 그룹 구성원의 이동성을 지원하기 위해서는 멀티케스트 그룹 키가 동적으로 갱신되어야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 Diffie-Hellman (DH) 키 교환 방식 기술과 키 Tree 기술을 활용하여 동적인 상황변화에 따라 보안성 있게 그룹 키를 관리할 수 있도록 하는 방법을 제시한다. 제시하는 동적인 Tree 기반 키관리의 장점은 변화가 심한 그룹 구성원이 서로 상대방으로부터 주기적으로 상황 정보를 받도록 하여 변화하는 상황에 맞추어 효과적으로 그룹 키를 갱신할 수 있다는 점이다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.766-776
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• 2017

In modern power systems, high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) results in high stress on system stability. Apart from the intermittent nature of DGs, most DGs do not contribute inertia or damping to systems. As a result, a new control method named virtual synchronous machine (VSM) was proposed, which brought new characteristics to inverters such as synchronous machines (SMs). In addition, different active power droop controls for VSMs are being proposed in literatures. However, they are quite different in terms of their dynamic characteristics despite of the similar control laws. In this paper, mathematical models of a VSM adopting different active power droop controls are built and analyzed. The dynamic performance of the VSM output active power and virtual rotor angular frequency are presented for different models. The influences of the damping factor and droop coefficient on the VSM dynamic behaviors are also investigated in detail. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.460-474
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• 2023

A simple but accurate mathematical model is crucial for dynamic simulations and controller design of helical coil once-through steam generator (OTSG). This paper presents a three-region movable boundary dynamic model of the helical coil OTSG. Based on the secondary side fluid conditions, the OTSG is divided into subcooled region (two control volumes), two-phase region (two control volumes) and superheated region (three control volumes) with movable boiling boundaries between each region. The nonlinear dynamic model is derived based on mass, energy and momentum conservation equations. And the linear model is obtained by using the transfer function and state space transformation, which is a 37-order model of five input and three output. Validations are made under full-power steady-state condition and four transient conditions. Results show good agreements among the nonlinear model, linear model and the RELAP5 model, with acceptable errors. This model can be applied to dynamic simulations and controller design of helical coil OTSG with constant primary-side flow rate.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2023

In structural health monitoring of large-scale structures, optimal sensor placement plays an important role because of the high cost of sensors and their supporting instruments, as well as the burden of data transmission and storage. In this study, a vibration sensor placement algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed, which can effectively solve non-convex, high-dimensional, and discrete combinatorial sensor placement optimization problems. An objective function is constructed to estimate the quality of a specific vibration sensor placement scheme according to the modal assurance criterion (MAC). Using this objective function, a DRL-based algorithm is presented to determine the optimal vibration sensor placement scheme. Subsequently, we transform the sensor optimal placement process into a Markov decision process and employ a DRL-based optimization algorithm to maximize the objective function for optimal sensor placement. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, two examples are presented: a 10-story braced frame and a sea-crossing bridge model. A comparison study is also performed with a genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. The proposed DRL-based algorithm can effectively solve the discrete combinatorial optimization problem for vibration sensor placements and can produce superior performance compared with the other two existing methods.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

The steady state of unsaturated soil takes a long time to achieve. The soil seepage behaviours and hydraulic properties depend highly on the wetting/drying rate. It is observed that the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is dependent on the wetting/drying rate, which is known as the dynamic effect. The dynamic effect apparently influences the scanning curves and will substantially affect the seepage behavior. However, the previous models commonly ignore the dynamic effect and cannot quantitatively describe the hysteresis scanning loops under dynamic conditions. In this study, a dynamic hysteresis model for SWCC is proposed considering the dynamic change of contact angle and the moving of the contact line. The drying contact angle under dynamic condition is smaller than that under static condition, while the wetting contact angle under dynamic condition is larger than that under static condition. The dynamic contact angle is expressed as a function of the saturation rate according to the Laplace equation. The model is given by a differential equation, in which the slope of the scanning curve is related to the slope of the boundary curve by means of contact angle. Empirical models can simulate the boundary curves. Given the two boundary curves, the scanning curve can be well predicted. In this model, only two parameters are introduced to describe the dynamic effect. They can be easily obtained from the experiment, which facilitates the calibration of the model. The proposed model is verified by the experimental data recorded in the literature and is proved to be more convenient and effective.