• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.763-765
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• 2005

DVS(dynamic voltage sealing)은 이동형 프로세서에서 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 필수 요소로 자리 잡고있다. DVS를 효과적으로 사용하기 위해선 대상 태스크의 특성과 하드웨어 특성에 맞는 DVS 알고리즘이 필요하다. 상품화 수준의 않은 운영체계들이 일정한 인터벌(interval)을 바탕으로 시스템 사용 상황을 분석하여 목표 성능을 결정하는 방식을 사용하고 있다. 이러한 방식은 태스크의 특성이 갑자기 변하여 성능을 요구할 경우 인터벌만큼의 시간이 진행된 후에야 반응 한다는 단점이 있다. 또한, 태스크 별 특성이 아닌 시스템 전체의 특성을 따르므로 이질적인 성격의 태스크들이 동시에 실행 되는 환경에는 적합하지 않다. 최근의 모바일 프로세서들은 수 마이크로초 수준의 성능 전환 시간을 제공하고 있으며 이 속도는 계속 줄어들고 있다. 프로세서의 고성능화로 인해 I/O 작업의 경우 프로세서 성능에 따른 실행 시간의 차이가 존재 하지 않는다. 이러한 두 가지 특성을 바탕으로 우리는 TIB(timer interrupt based) 알고리즘을 제안한다. TIB 알고리즘은 일정한 길이의 인터벌 대신 타임 슬라이스(time slice)를 성능 결정의 단위로 삼는다. 성능의 결정은 태스크 별로 이루어지며 각 태스크가 사용했던 이전 타임 슬라이스가 타이머 인터룹트(timer interrupt)에 의해 끝났다면 최대의 성능을 그 외의 경우는 최저의 성능으로 실행하게 된다. 이러한 접근 방식을 통해 I/O 작업이나 이벤트를 기다리는 태스크에 대해 최저 성능을 제공함으로써 실행 시간의 적은 손해를 대가로 많은 에너지 절감을 이룰 수 있다. 또한, 태스크의 속성이 변한 경우 타임 슬라이스 길이 만큼의 지체만을 허용하게 된다. 이러한 TIB 인터벌에 기반한 알고리즘에 비해 개별 태스크의 특성에 따른 성능 조절과 태스크의 변화에 따른 빠른 반응을 자랑으로 한다. 본 논문에선 TIB 알고리즘을 리눅스 커널에 구현하여 성능을 평가하였고 그 결과 리눅스에서 사용되는 기존 인터벌 기반의 알고리즘들에 비해 좋은 전력 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

In this paper, the physical model and governing equations of a shallow arch with a moving boundary were studied. A model with a moving boundary can be easily found in a long span retractable roof, and it corresponds to a problem of a non-cylindrical domain in which the boundary moves with time. In particular, a motion equation of a shallow arch having a moving boundary is expressed in the form of an integral-differential equation. This is expressed by the time-varying integration interval of the integral coefficient term in the arch equation with an un-movable boundary. Also, the change in internal force due to the moving boundary is also considered. Therefore, in this study, the governing equation was derived by transforming the equation of the non-cylindrical domain into the cylindrical domain to solve this problem. A governing equation for vertical vibration was derived from the transformed equation, where a sinusoidal function was used as the orthonormal basis. Terms that consider the effect of the moving boundary over time in the original equation were added in the equation of the transformed cylindrical problem. In addition, a solution was obtained using a numerical analysis technique in a symmetric mode arch system, and the result effectively reflected the effect of the moving boundary.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.784-794
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• 2023

Objective: To determine whether dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate posterior cerebral circulation in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) who underwent anterior revascularization. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively included 73 patients with MMD who underwent DSC perfusion MRI (age, 12.2 ± 6.1 years) between January 2016 and December 2020, owing to recent-onset clinical symptoms during the follow-up period after completion of anterior revascularization. DSC perfusion images were analyzed using a dedicated software package (NordicICE; Nordic NeuroLab) for the middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and posterior border zone between the two regions (PCA-MCA). Patients were divided into two groups; the PCA stenosis group included 30 patients with newly confirmed PCA involvement, while the no PCA stenosis group included 43 patients without PCA involvement. The relationship between DSC perfusion parameters and PCA stenosis, as well as the performance of the parameters in discriminating between groups, were analyzed. Results: In the PCA stenosis group, the mean follow-up duration was 5.3 years after anterior revascularization, and visual disturbances were a common symptom. Normalized cerebral blood volume was increased, and both the normalized time-topeak (nTTP) and mean transit time values were significantly delayed in the PCA stenosis group compared with those in the no PCA stenosis group in the PCA and PCA-MCA border zones. TTP_PCA (odds ratio [OR] = 6.745; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.665-17.074; P < 0.001) and CBV_PCA-MCA (OR = 1.567; 95% CI = 1.021-2.406; P = 0.040) were independently associated with PCA stenosis. TTP_PCA showed the highest receiver operating characteristic curve area in discriminating for PCA stenosis (0.895; 95% CI = 0.803-0.986). Conclusion: nTTP can be used to effectively diagnose PCA stenosis. Therefore, DSC perfusion MRI may be a valuable tool for monitoring PCA stenosis in patients with MMD.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2450-2469
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• 2018

In this paper, we develop a spatiotemporal model to analysis of cellular user in underlay D2D communication by using stochastic geometry and queuing theory. Firstly, by exploring stochastic geometry to model the user locations, we derive the probability that the SINR of cellular user in a predefined interval, which constrains the corresponding transmission rate of cellular user. Secondly, in contrast to the previous studies with full traffic models, we employ queueing theory to evaluate the performance parameters of dynamic traffic model and formulate the cellular user transmission mechanism as a M/G/1 queuing model. In the derivation, Embedded Markov chain is introduced to depict the stationary distribution of cellular user queue status. Thirdly, the expressions of performance metrics in terms of mean queue length, mean throughput, mean delay and mean dropping probability are obtained, respectively. Simulation results show the validity and rationality of the theoretical analysis under different channel conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 1997

A laboratory experiment was made of critical transition flow modes in Czocllralski convection. Numerical computation was also made to delineate the dynamic transition. The period of temperature oscillation ($t_p$) and the interval of temperature oscillation ($\Delta\theta$) were scrutinized to capture the critical transition regime. The mixed convection parameter was varied in the range of $0.134\le Ra/PrRe^2 \le3.804$. The data from calculation were in good agreement with ones from experiment. The influence of the Prandtl number on the transition was examined for Pr ＝ 910, 4445 and 8889. To understand the transition mechanism, the detailed temperature oscillation modes, the isolines of meridional temperature and the axial velocity profiles were investigated.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

With growing interest in location-based service (LBS), there is increasing necessity for nearest neighbor (NN) search through query while the user is moving. NN search in such a dynamic environment has been performed through the repeated applicaton of the NN method to the search segment, but this increases search cost because of unnecessary redundant calculation. We propose slabbed continuous nearest neighbor (Slabbed_CNN) search, which is a new method that searches CNN in the search segment while moving, Slabbed_CNN reduces calculation costs and provides faster services than existing CNN by reducing the search area and calculation cost of the existing CNN method through reducing the search segment using slabs.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.177-184
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• 1976

As the organizational size of a military service or business increases and its management becomes complex, the success in its management depends less on static type of management but more on careful, dynamic type of management. In this thesis, an operations research technique is applied to the problems of determining optimal air traffic control rule and of optimal capacity of air base for a military air base. An airport runway is regarded as the service facility in a queueing mechanism, used by landing, low approach, and departing aircraft. The usual order of service gives priority different classes of aircraft such as landings, departures, and low approaches; here service disciplines are considered assigning priorities to different classes of aricraft grouped according to required runway time. Several such priority rules are compared by means of a steady-state queueing model with non-preemptive priorities. From the survey conducted for the thesis development, it was found that the flight pattern such as departure, law approach, and landing within a control zone, follows a Poisson distribution and the service time follows an Erlang distribution. In the problem of choosing the optimal air traffic control rule, the control rule of giving service priority to the aircraft with a minimum average waiting cost, regardless of flight patterns, was found to be the optimal one. Through a simulation with data collected at K-O O Air Base, the optimal take-off interval and the optimal capacity of aircraft to be employed were determined.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.649-664
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• 2016

A seismic damaged bridge may be hit again by a strong aftershock or another earthquake in a short interval before the repair work has been done. However, discussions about the impact of the unrepaired damages on the residual earthquake resistance of a steel bridge are very scarce at present. In this paper, nonlinear time-history analysis of a steel arch bridge was performed using multi-scale hybrid model. Two strong historical records of main shock-aftershock sequences were taken as the input ground motions during the dynamic analysis. The strain response, local deformation and the accumulation of plasticity of the bridge with and without unrepaired seismic damage were compared. Moreover, the effect of earthquake sequence on crack initiation caused by low-cycle fatigue of the steel bridge was investigated. The results show that seismic damage has little impact on the overall structural displacement response during the aftershock. The residual local deformation, strain response and the cumulative equivalent plastic strain are affected to some extent by the unrepaired damage. Low-cycle fatigue of the steel arch bridge is not induced by the earthquake sequences. Damage indexes of low-cycle fatigue predicted based on different theories are not exactly the same.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 1990

In this paper, meander line type EMAT(Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) has been designed and fabricated with effective properties for detecting flaw existing within one wavelength in depth, and its characteristics have been analyzed. For the purpose of getting effective dynamic and static magnetic intensity, the coil has been arrayed using wire with interval of 0.75 mm and width of 0.65 mm and permanent magnets with 1500 Gauss have been constructed respectively. The center frequency and fractional bandwidth of the fabricated EMAT was 2 MHz and 36% respectively and its impulse response has been measured by non-contacting technique(the distance between the conducting media and the coil was 0.15mm). In the measuring results, it has been shown that Insertion Loss(IL) was 45.46dB and it was good agreement with theoretical result.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.641-650
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• 2008

As portable devices are used widely, power management algorithm is essential to extend battery use time on small-sized battery power. Although many methods have been proposed, they assumed the voltage transition overhead was negligible or was considered partially. However, the voltage transition overhead might not guarantee to schedule real-time tasks in portable multimedia systems. This paper proposes the adaptive power-aware algorithm to minimize the power consumption by considering the voltage transition overhead. It selects only a few discrete frequencies from the whole frequencies of a system and adjusts the interval between two consecutive frequencies based on the system utilization to reduce the number of frequency change. This algorithm saves the power consumption about 10 to 25 percent compared to a CC RT-DVS method and a frequency-smoothing method.