• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.799-823
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• 2016

A finite element model for the non-linear dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) containment shell of a nuclear power plant subjected to extreme loads such as impact and earthquake is presented in this work. The impact is modeled by using an uncoupled approach in which a load function is applied at the impact zone. The earthquake load is modeled by prescribing ground accelerations at the base of the structure. The nuclear containment is discretized spatially by using 20-node brick finite elements. The concrete in compression is modeled by using a modified $Dr{\ddot{u}}cker$-Prager elasto-plastic constitutive law where strain rate effects are considered. Cracking of concrete is modeled by using a smeared cracking approach where the tension-stiffening effect is included via a strain-softening rule. A model based on fracture mechanics, using the concept of constant fracture energy release, is used to relate the strain softening effect to the element size in order to guaranty mesh independency in the numerical prediction. The reinforcing bars are represented by incorporated membrane elements with a von Mises elasto-plastic law. Two benchmarks are used to verify the numerical implementation of the present model. Results are presented graphically in terms of displacement histories and cracking patterns. Finally, the influence of the shear transfer model used for cracked concrete as well as the effect due to a base slab incorporation in the numerical modeling are analyzed.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2011

This paper documents an experimental study of dynamic response of reinforced concrete beams following instantaneous removal of a bearing column. Four half-scale specimens representing two-span beam bridging across the removed column were tested. The test boundary conditions simulated rotational and longitudinal restraints imposed on a frame beam by the neighboring structural components. The gravity loads were simulated by attaching mass blocks on the beams at three locations. Dynamic loading effects due to sudden removal of a column were simulated by quickly releasing the supporting force at the middle of the specimens. The experimental study investigated the load-carrying capacity of beams restrained longitudinally at the boundaries and dynamic impact on forces. The tests confirmed the extra flexural strength provided by compressive arch action under dynamic loading. The tests also indicated that the dynamic amplification effects on forces were much lower than that assumed in the current design guideline for progressive collapse.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.179-190
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• 1998

현재 국내에는 조적조 건물에 대한 내진규준이 마련되어 있지 않다 반면 최근 들어 한반도에 발생하는 지진의 반도수는 계속증가하고 있어 조적조 건물에 대한 지진하중에 의한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 2층 조적조 건물에 국내에서 발생 가능한 최대지진가속도인 0.12g의 지진하중을 적용한 유한요소해석법에 의한 방법으로 동적해석을 수행한 결과 2층에 비하여 1층에서 불안전한 거동이 발생하였다 특히 개구부 주위 및 테두리 보와 조적벽의 경계부분에서 허용응력을 초과하여 균열이 발생함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.424-431
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• 2006

Many types of tuned mass dampers (TMDs), such as active TMDs, multiple TMDs, hybrid TMDs etc., have been studied to effectively reduce the dynamic responses of a structure subjected to various types of dynamic loads. In this study, we replace a passive damper by a semi-active tuned mass damper to improve the control performance of conventional TMDs (STMD). An idealized variable damping device is used as semi-active dampers. These semi-active dampers can change the properties of TMDs in real time based on the dynamic responses of a structure. The control performance of STMD is investigated with respect to various types of excitation by numerical simulation. Groundhook control algorithm is used to appropriately modulate the damping force of semi-active dampers. The control effectiveness between STMD and a conventional passive TMD, both under harmonic and random excitations, is evaluated and compared for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure. Excitations are applied to the structure as a dynamic force and ground motion, respectively. The numerical studies showed that the control effectiveness of STMD is significantly superior to that of the passive TMD, regardless of the type of excitations.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.671-682
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• 2017

In this research, seismic response of pipes is examined by applying nanotechnology and piezoelectric materials. For this purpose, a pipe is considered which is reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and covered with a piezoelectric layer. The structure is subjected to the dynamic loads caused by earthquake and the governing equations of the system are derived using mathematical model via cylindrical shell element and Mindlin theory. Navier-Stokes equation is employed to calculate the force due to the fluid in the pipe. Mori-Tanaka approach is used to estimate the equivalent material properties of the nanocomposite and to consider the effect of the CNTs agglomeration on the scismic response of the structure. Moreover, the dynamic displacement of the structure is extracted using harmonic differential quadrature method (HDQM) and Newmark method. The main goal of this research is the analysis of the seismic response using piezoelectric layer and nanotechnology. The results indicate that reinforcing the pipeline by CNTs leads to a reduction in the displacement of the structure during an earthquake. Also the negative voltage applied to the piezoelectric layer reduces the dynamic displacement.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 비틀림비정형성과 수직비정형성을 가진 RC 필로티 건축물의 지진동에 대한 거동을 층강성을 적용하여 간단하게 모델링하는 선형 동적해석 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 개발된 동적 해석 프로그램을 적용하여 필로티 건축물의 동적 거동 및 필로티층 각 기둥의 전단력을 분석하고, 필로티층에 전단벽 또는 가새를 보강하였을 때 보강효과를 평가하고자 한다. 모서리코어가 있는 필로티 건축물에서 필로티층의 코어 반대편 모서리를 전단벽이나 K형 가새로 보강하였을 때 변위와 기둥 전단력이 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 모서리 양면을 K형 가새로 보강하는 것보다 한 면을 전단벽으로 보강하는 것이 보강효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.449-470
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• 2011

During the last thirty years many structural control concepts have been proposed for the reduction of the structural response caused by earthquake excitations. Their research and implementation in practice have shown that seismic control of structures has a lot of potential but also many limitations. In this paper the importance of two practical issues, time delay and saturation effect, on the performance of controlled structures, is discussed. Their influence, both separately and in interaction, on the response of structures controlled by a modified pole placement algorithm is investigated. Characteristic buildings controlled by this algorithm and subjected to dynamic loads, such as harmonic signals and actual seismic events, are analyzed for a range of levels of time delay and saturation capacity of the control devices. The response reduction surfaces for the combined influence of time delay and force saturation of the controlled buildings are obtained. Conclusions regarding the choice of the control system and the desired properties of the control devices are drawn.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

Threr are several methods in protecting the building structures from dynamic loads such as an earthquake and a wind. Among them applying a control force to the building structure is one of the methods to decrease the vibration. The most important and difficult problem in the active control is to obtain the mathematical model of the building structure with a controller. the effective active controller can be designed from the exact model of the system In this paper the three story test building with an active mass driver is identified experimentally. the system matrices corresponding to the experimental building are found and verified with the experimentally-obtained transfer functions and responses efficiently.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.268-275
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• 2000

A hybrid mass damper that combines a tuned mass damper and an actuator has been recognized to be one of the most promising devices for vibration control of a tall building subjected to dynamic loads such as wind and earthquake. In this paper, in order to reduce vibration levels of a 5-story test structure, a hybrid mass damper using AC-servomotor was designed and developed. And control performances using HMD and TMD under random and earthquake excitations are compared through experimental test. It is confirmed that it is more effective to reduce the vibration levels of the test structure using HMD especially for earthquake excitation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2019

In current seismic design codes, various elastic design acceleration spectra are defined considering different seismological and soil characteristics and are widely used tool for calculation of seismic loads acting on structures. Response spectrum analyses directly use the elastic design acceleration spectra whereas time history analyses use acceleration records of earthquakes whose acceleration spectra fit the design spectra of seismic codes. Due to the fact that obtaining coherent structural response quantities with the seismic design code considerations is a desired circumstance in dynamic analyses, the response spectra of earthquake records used in time history analyses had better fit to the design acceleration spectra of seismic codes. This paper evaluates structural response distributions of multi-story reinforced concrete frames obtained from nonlinear time history analyses which are performed by using the scaled earthquake records compatible with various elastic design spectra. Time domain scaling procedure is used while processing the response spectrum of real accelerograms to fit the design acceleration spectra. The elastic acceleration design spectra of Turkish Seismic Design Code 2007, Uniform Building Code 1997 and Eurocode 8 are considered as target spectra in the scaling procedure. Soil classes in different seismic codes are appropriately matched up with each other according to $V_{S30}$ values. The maximum roof displacements and the total base shears of considered frame structures are determined from nonlinear time history analyses using the scaled earthquake records and the results are presented by graphs and tables. Coherent structural response quantities reflecting the influence of elastic design spectra of various seismic codes are obtained.