• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

This study analyze the factors affecting the number of bidders in public contracts by collecting contract data such as purchase of goods, service and facility construction through KONEPS among various forms of public contracts. The reason why the number of bidders is important in public contracts is that it can be a minimum criterion for judging whether to enter into a rational contract through fair competition and is closely related to the budget reduction of the ordering organization or the profitability of the bidders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that determine the participation of bidders in public contracts and to present the problems and policy implications of bidders' participation in public contracts. This research distinguishes the existing sampling based research by analyzing and analyzing many contracts such as purchasing, service and facility construction of 4.35 million items in which 50,000 public institutions have been placed as national markets and 300,000 individual companies and corporations participated. As a research model, the number of announcement days, budget amount, contract method and winning bid is used as independent variables and the number of bidders is used as a dependent variable. Big data and multidimensional analysis techniques are used for survey analysis. The conclusions are as follows: First, the larger the budget amount of public works projects, the smaller the number of participants. Second, in the contract method, restricted competition has more participants than general competition. Third, the duration of bidding notice did not significantly affect the number of bidders. Fourth, in the winning bid method, the qualification examination bidding system has more bidders than the lowest bidding system.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1 s.26
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• pp.25-34
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• 1980

The in vitro guinea pig ureter responded to 5 sec trains of electrical stimuli with two contractions; the first an 'on response' (ON) occurred with $0.1{\sim}0.3$ sec after the onset o the stimulus train, the second an 'off response'(OFF) occurred $0.2{\sim}1.0$ sec after the termination of the stimulus train. Relaxation occurred between the two responses during a time when the stimulus was still being delivered. Longer duration and/or higher frequencies of stimuli within the train were required to elicit the OFF than the ON. Decreasing temperature from $37^{\circ}$ to $22^{\circ}$ decreased ON amplitude and increased OFF amplitude. $Ca^{++}$-free solution, 2 mM EDTA, 1 mM $Mn^{++}$ or $1{\mu}M$ verapamil rapidly abolished ON. OFF persisted when ON had disappeared by repeated stimulation at 0.12 train per sec. Conversely, caffeine, $50{\mu}M$ and theophylline, $10{\mu}M$ abolished OFF with only slight reduction of ON, and sodium nitroprusside decreased preferentially ON amplitude rather than OFF. Relaxation between ON and OFF was incomplete in low $Na^+$ solution. ON and OFF were not affected by the neural blockers tetrodotoxin, atropine or phentolamine, also pyrilamine and methysergide, and relaxation between ON and OFF was $Na^+$ dependent. Furthermore, ON depends on free $Ca^{++}$ and OFF is more dependent on bound or stored $Ca^{++}$.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2024

Background: This study aims to examine changes in fraudulent claim counts and total reimbursements before and after enhancements in counterfeit claim controls and monitoring of provider claim patterns under the "Proactive self-audit pilot program of fraudulent claims." Methods: This study used the claims data and hospital information (July 2021-February 2022) of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The data was collected from 1,129 hospitals assigned to the pilot program, selected from the providers who filed a claim for reimbursement for intravenous injections. Paired and independent t-tests, along with regression analysis, were utilized to analyze changing patterns and factors influencing claim behaviors. Results: This program led to a reduction in the number of fraudulent claims and the total amount of reimbursements across all levels of hospitals in the experimental groups (except for physicians below 40 years old). In the control group, general hospitals and hospitals demonstrated some significant decreases based on the duration since opening, while clinics showed significant reductions in specified subjects. Additionally, a notable increase was observed among male physicians over the age of 50 years. Overall, claims and reimbursements significantly declined after the intervention. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between hospital opening duration and claim numbers, suggesting longer-established hospitals were more likely to file claims. Conclusion: The results indicate that the pilot program successfully encouraged providers to autonomously minimize fraudulent claims. Therefore, it is advised to extend further support, including promotional activities, training, seminars, and continuous monitoring, to nonparticipating hospitals to facilitate independent improvements in their claim practices.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2009

As we recognize the health care, test of BMD is increased. There are various methods in BMD, Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) which has high precision and accuracy, and low medical exposure dose has been widely used. To measure the changes of BMD, the test must be done as same posture at first and follow up study performed a year. we analyze the difference in the hour taken before and after the examination by radiologic technologist, frequency of scout scan, and the amount of the radiation exposure. The hour of the examination and frequency of the scout scan were shorten and the dose of the radiation exposure is reduced. As the numerical value of total subjects is converted into that of one person, the duration for the test was 52 seconds, the frequency for the scout scan 0.79 time, and the dose for the radiation exposure $13{\mu}Sv$. When the health care provider perform the precise and easy methods to minimize changes of posture and the skillful ability to manage the test, useless radiation is decreased.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 2012

Gangform, compared to the traditional forms, is a systemized form which can reduce construction duration and cost by the advantage of using it repeatedly. However, transportation and climbing process of the Gangform is highly dependant on the performance of tower crane. Gangform climbing process takes one day out of six to seven days of a structural work cycle. Tower cranes can not be used in other lifting works when they lift the Gangform during the structural work cycle, causing the delay in the construction project. Numerous efforts and researches have been done in domestic and international industry to solve such limitations of Gangform climbing process. Especially, "A Study on the Development of Automatic Gangform Climbing System for Apartment Housing Construction"has suggested a conceptual model which can climb the Gangform system without a tower crane. In this paper, the technical and economical feasibilities of previously proposed Automatic Gangform climbing system are examined by evaluating its structural stability and lifting load reduction effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

The pH, turbidity, color, brix, reducing sugar, total sugar, ketose, amino acid, protein and organoleptic characteristics of sikhye prepared with puffed rice powder (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/w)) were investigated during saccharification. A higher concentration of puffed rice powder and longer saccharification time resulted in pH reduction (p<0.05) and tended to increase turbidity. A higher Hunter "L" value was observed with higher puffed rice powder content, except for the addition of 25% at 0 h. The Hunter "L" value peaked at hour 1 and slowly declined thereafter. Elevations in brix, reducing sugar, total sugar and sucrose were observed with higher puffed rice powder content and longer duration of saccharification (p<0.05). The sucrose content ranged from 0.79-0.86% (w/w) at hour 6, which was markedly lower than that of commercial sikhye. With time, levels of amino acid and protein increased (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed moderate differences between 0% and both 75 and 100% (p<0.001), with 75 and 100% preferred over 0% (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest successful strategies through which the effect of the information system of a hospital can be forecasted at the nursing department. In order to set up successful strategies, in the first place, both the methods of CSF(Critical Success Factor: Rockart, 1979) and ULD(User-Led Development) method and the method suggested by the Korea Productivity Center were applied. In order to measure the improvement of nursing productivity, the Dissonance theory was used. The data were collected from 100 employees serving at the clinic department of Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital from July 4 to July 25, 1998 with reference to all 222 cases, for sampling work; then the part of the efficiency of the treatment or management of hospital business - simplification of the process of the treatment of hospital business and reduction of the time of the treatment of hospital business were measured; and in order to forecast organizational behavior, 100 cases of organization behavior were analysed, based on the well structured, questionnaires. In order to forecast the user's organizational behavior, a tool(Ronald. 1988; Stephen, 1982: Senn, 1992: Olsen, 1980: Anderson, 1988: Kim. 1992: Cho. 1994) to measure the extent or degree of the user's recognition or understanding whose reliability coefficient is 0.63 was used: and regarding the items expected by the users concerning the convenience of the system, a tool created by Bernadett, Szajna and Richard W. Scamell(1993) whose reliability coefficient is 0.88 was used. And finally, those data were analysed, utilizing the statistical package of SPSS/PC 6.0. successful strategies are suggested as follows: 1. In order that the Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital's purpose can be successful through its strategic, information system, the quality of its services should be elevated. and for elevating the quality of medical services, elevation of the quality of medical expertism or specialty is an important factor in determining such quality. 2. In order to make the hospital information system to be successful, the hospital's top manager should participate in the effort making it successful with helping hands of the members or personnel of the hospital. 3. In order to make users participate in the hospital information system, it is prerequisite that all nurses in a hospital should voluntarily participate in the system 4. In order to reduce the expense, the time in coping with business per duty should be reduced by 10${\sim}$33.23%. The time of the direct nursing care which added value is relatively high should be elongated in order to elevate the quality of hospital services. 5. Since the introduction and spread of the hospital information system are influenced by the duration in the experience of computer use, the user of the hospital information system should have a plan to receive well-planned computer education. Finally it is suggested that the forecast of long-term productivity through a review of the user's expectation of the system should be inspected and tested through continuous studies of its effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2015

In this study, it was developed eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag, alkali activator (water glass, sodium hydroxides), and steel fiber. Eight reinforced concrete beam using alkali-activated slag concrete were constructed and tested under monotonic loading. The major variables were mixture ratio of alkali activator, mixed/without of steel fiber. Experimental programs were carried out to improve and evaluate the flexural performance of such test specimens, such as the load-displacement, the failure mode, the maximum load carrying capacity, and ductility capacity. All the specimens were modeled in scale-down size. The reinforced concrete beams using the eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete was failed by the flexure or flexure-shear in general. In addition, the maximum strength increased with the adding the mol of sodium hydroxide, and the specimen reinforced the steel fiber showed the value of maximum strength which is increased by 15.8% through 25.9%. It is thought that eco-friendly alkali-activated slag fiber reinforced concrete can be used with construction material and product to replace normal concrete. If there is applied to structures such as precast concrete member and production of 2nd concrete product, it could be improved the productivity and reduction of construction duration etc.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Background: The Kirschner wire (K-wire) technique allows stable fixation of bone fragments without periosteal dissection, which often lead to bone segment scattering and loss. The authors used the K-wire fixation to simplify the treatment of laborious comminuted zygomatic bone fracture and report outcomes following the operation. Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients with comminuted zygomatic bone fractures between January 2010 and December 2013. In each patient, the zygoma was reduced and fixed with K-wire, which was drilled from the cheek bone and into the contralateral nasal cavity. For severely displaced fractures, the zygomaticofrontal suture was first fixated with a microplate and the K-wire was used to increase the stability of fixation. Each wire was removed approximately 4 weeks after surgery. Surgical outcomes were evaluated for malar eminence, cheek symmetry, K-wire site scar, and complications (based on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3, where 0 point is 'poor' and 3 points is 'excellent'). Results: The review identified 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria (21 men and 4 women). The mean age was 52 years (range, 15-73 years). The mean follow up duration was 6.2 months. The mean operation time was 21 minutes for K-wire alone (n=7) and 52 minutes for K-wire and plate fixation (n=18). Patients who had received K-wire only fixation had severe underlying diseases or accompanying injuries. The mean postoperative evaluation scores were 2.8 for malar contour and 2.7 for K-wire site scars. The mean patient satisfaction was 2.7. There was one case of inflammation due to the K-wire. Conclusion: The use of K-wire technique was associated with high patient satisfaction in our review. K-wire fixation technique is useful in patient who require reduction of zygomatic bone fractures in a short operating time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on cross breeding for developing bolting resistant variety of Angelica gigas NAKAI which has been subjected to severe yield reduction resulted from flower-stalk initiation during the growth. Compatibility of selfing and/or crossing pollination among 5 local cultivars were tested. Results obtained are summarized as follows. In case of three year old plant, all cultivars emerged March 14 and bolted from May 12 to May 13. Ponghwa cultivar was flowered 3 to 5 days earlier than other cultivars. Flower duration continued 41 to 43 days. Interval of flowering date from main stem to first primary branch, from first to second or second to third primary branch was 9 to 13 days. Emergency of stamen proceeded 4~8 days of pistil initiation demonstrating that Angelica gigas NAKAI is protandrous plant. Furthermore initiation of first pistil was 1~4days later than formation of last stamen in the same flower cluster. Percent pollination of Angelica gigas NAKAI was 52% under natural condition, so called open-pollination, but bagging by enveloping flowers was as low as 0.4~2.4%. In the result of compatibility test, all local cultivars tend to show both of self-and cross-compatibility. Inpollination, ‘Muju’$\times$‘Muju’combination showed highest fertility up to 40.8% whereases cross pollination, ‘Pyeongchang’$\times$‘Inje’combination, showed 67.0% fertility.