• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1981

In order to determine the effect of Oryeongsan reputed to have diuretic action since Han Dynasty and possible synergetic action of Dianthi Semen, Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus and Akebiae Lignum, herbs with similar reputation, when added to the above prescription, their decoction powders were solved into distilled water and injected into rabbits through the ear vein. Upon the treatment, the excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ion together with urine volume was kinetically determined. At the same time the clearance of plasma creatinine and sodium ion was determined and the following results were obtained. Every experimental group demonstrated diuretic action, though feable, of relatively long duration. The diuretic mechanism in the case of Oryeongsan made up by mixing the seperate extracts of individual components and Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen was found to be inhibitory effect of renal tubular reabsorption in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in which case the diuretic mechanism was found to be glomerular vascular dilatation. The urinary excretion of potassium ion was increased in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus of Akebiae Lignum whereas in the other cases no similar change was registered. The diuretic action was most remarkable in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba followed by Oryeongsan(A) plus Kochiae Fructus, Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, extract mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, Oryeongsan(A) and Oryeongsan(A) plus Akebiae Lignum decreasing order. The duration of diuretic action was found to be 90 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan and mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, and 60 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba which lasted up to 120 minutes.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1 s.15
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• pp.61-65
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• 1974

Berberis koreana Palibin belonging to Berberidaceae family, a common herb in Korea, has been contained some quantity of Berberine analogue and other ingredients. Authors therefore paid attention to its pharmacological actions and examined the effects on sleep duration and rectal temperature in mouse with crystal (A) from Berberis koreana Palibin in Korean native plans. The experiment searching for the effect on sleep duration was performed with pretreatment of Berberis Koreana Palibin crystal (A) 30 min before the administration of 25 % ethanol, and its crystal were also administered intraperitoneally with the intention to examine the effect on rectal temperature in mouse. The results of the experiment were as follows; 1. Crystal (A) from Berberis koreana Palibin was made by extraction with ethanol and HCI. 2. Crystal (A) enhanced the hypnotic activity of alcohol in concentratins of 0.1 mg/10g or 0.15 mg/10g. 3. Rectal temperatures in mice were significantly reduced with administration of crystal (A) in concentrations of 0.1 mg/10g or 0.15 mg/10g. 4. The maximal reduction of rectal temperature and potentiation of the hypnotic activity were observed at 30 min after its administration. From the above results, it is clear that crystal (A) from Berberis koreana Palibin exerts the potentiation of hypnotic action of alcohol and reduction of rectal temperature in normal mouse. Its pharmacological effects are probably derived from the action upon the central nervous system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.139-143
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• 2011

A Spitz (5-years old, castrated male) and a Maltese (9-years old, castrated male) were presented with weight loss, polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD) and depression. Diabetic ketosis was diagnosed based on clinical signs, physical examinations and screening tests (CBC, serum chemistry and urinalysis). The dogs were treated with NPH initially. However, NPH was inadequate to control blood glucose level due to the short duration of the action (< 5 hours). Because of the poor glycemic control with NPH, the dogs showed diabetic complications including weight loss and cataract. After change to glargine, the duration of insulin action was extended up to 11 hours. As a result, there was significant improvement in clinical signs and serum fructosamine concentrations. This study suggests that glargine is useful as a long-acting insulin in dogs which have poor glycemic control due to the short duration of NPH.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 1996

Tendon reflex responses generated from mechanical stimulus had been studied for quantitative analysis of activity of tendon reflex, especially patellar tendon reflex responses are known to be a criterion for diagnosing the L3 or L4 radiculopathy. In this paper, we developed a digital signal processing system for analysis of the tendon reflex response. The system parameter, i.e., $\textit{sampling frequency, pre-amplification gain, input channel and filter bank}$ are selected by Using software switches. From the view points of flexibility, the system hardware is connected to an IBM PC for analyzing the tendon reflex parameters, amplitude, latency duration We applied the proposed system to the analysis of the patellar tendon reflex reponses. In the experiment, we measured latency, duration, amplitude of the reflex action potentials generated from vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris that compose quadriceps, and the measured data are analyzed througll the ANOVA test which has 5% significant level. As a result, we showed that the mean amplitude of reflex action potential at the vastus lateralis is larger than any other muscle and the mean latency of the reflex action potential at the rectus femoris is shorter than any other muscle.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1976

The extract of commercial mistletoe caused transient contraction of mouse ileum in vitro at the level of $7{\times}10^{-4}g/ml$ and augmented significantly its peristalsis. When the ileum was pre-treated With $10^{-6}g/ml$ of adrenaline the administration of the extract at a level of $10^{-4}g/ml$ blocked the contraction. The increase inperistalsis and intention was also observed in rabbit ileum in vitro with the administration of the extract at a level of $10^{-1}g/ml$ but these phenomenon were inhibited by the adrenaline treatment at a level of $10^{-6}g/ml.$ When the extract was applied to spirally cut strips of thoracic aorta at the level of $10^{-3}g/ml$ the contractile action of adrenaline was significantly inhibited. When the extract was infused to auricular blood vessel of rabbit at the rate of $10^{-4}g/ml,\;10^{-3}g/ml,\;10^{-2}g/ml$ and $10^{-1}g/ml$ increases in number of drops by 70%, 77%, 93% and 100% were observed if the maximum number of drops caused by $10^{-1}g/ml$ is considered to be 100%. The duration of prolongation was proportionate to the increase in concentration of the extract. Hypotensive action of the extract and its duration were proportionately increased as the quantity of the extract increased. The increase in number and depth of respiration observed during the hypotensive status was brought to the normal when the tension became normal. In view of these observations it is concluded that the extract of commercial mistletoe has a contractile action of acetylcholine effect in the ileum of mouse and rabbit, loosens both aorta and smooth muscle and promotes peripheral circulation. As for the hypotensive action it is concluded that the action is brought about by the decrease in peripheral circulatory resistance due to the antagonism between acetylcholine and adrenaline.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

The plasma membrane and microsomes, isolated from the cells treated with hematoporphyrm derivative (HpD) for 1 and 24 h, accumulated the aggregated porphyrin. The quantity of aggregated porphyrin was same in the plasma membrane and microsomes after isolating them from cells treated with HpD for 1 h whereas the microsomes accumulated higher quantity of aggregated porphyrin when cells were treated with HpD for 24 h. Photodynamic action of aggregated porphyrin on plasma membrane and microsomes was investigated using lipid specific fluorescent probes: 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrine (DPH) and 1-(4-trimethylammonium), 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrine(TMA-DPH). The time dependent anisotropy of these probes in the membranes was measured and the decay of anisotropy was analyzed using wobbling in cone model. Upon irradiation both the plasma membrane and the microsomes showed an increase in the limiting anis~)tropy and order parameter and a decrease in the cone angle of the lipid probes. The increase in the limiting anisotropy was pronounced in membranes isolated from the cells treated with HpD for 24 h. Photoinduced change in the limiting anisotropy was dependent on the duration of incubation of cells with HpD before isolating the membranes. In both the membranes. the membrane core was affected more as compared to the outer leaflet. In addition to the structural changes, a decrease in Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase and NADPH cyt c reductase activity was also observed upon irradiation of HpD treated cells. Inhibition in NADPH cyt c reductase was more when cells were treated with HpD for 24 h, however, Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase activity did not depend on the duration of the treatment of cells with HpD before irradiation. Our results suggest that the extent of photoinduced perturbations in the membranes varies as a function of duration of the treatment of cells with HpD and the membrane core is more susceptible to the photodynamic action of aggregated porphyrin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1986

The influences of extracellular $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ upon the spike action potentials were studied in isolated uterine strips of rat. Regular, rhythmic uterine contractions were induced by the administration of oxytocin$(0.2{\sim}0.5\;I.U.)$, and recorded with force transducer. Spike action potentials were extracellularly measured by use of suction electrode, and compared with those recorded intracellularly by glass microelectrode. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The frequency and duration of spike bursts, and the number of spikes in a burst could be analyzed by use of both methods. But the absolute values of membrane potential were not measurable with the suction electrode. 2) The duration of contraction$(CD_{90};\;the\;duration\;of\;90%\;relaxation)$ was lengthened from the control 17.0 sec to 20.6 sec, in parallel with the increase of spike number from the control 21 to 26, as the increase in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration from 2 to 4 mM. 3) The amplitude and frequency of contractions were gradually decreased, simultaneously with the decrease in the number of spikes in a burst, when the $Ca^{2+}-antagonist$, verapamil was administered cumulatively. 4) The number of spikes was changed from the control 15 to 7, in cabs of the administration of ver)'low dose of verapamil$(10^{-6}\;g/l)$. 5) Increase in the numbers of spike bursts was well matched to the increase in frequency of contractions when extracellular $K^+$ was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-186
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• 2000

Background: Ropivacaine is a new amide local anesthetics, having therapeutic properties similar to those of bupivacaine but less cardiovascular toxicity and motor blockade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ropivacaine used in stellate ganglion block (SGB) compared with those of lidocaine or bupivacaine. Methods: This prospective and crossover study performed in twenty patients with sudden sensory neural hearing loss. All patients received three times SGB, in the paratracheal approach using 8 ml of 1% lidocaine, 0.2% bupivacaine, and 0.2% ropivacaine respectively without any orders. Onset time and action duration of Horner's syndrome were observed after each SGB. Results: Onset time of ropivacaine was the middle of the three agents; earlier lidocaine and slower bupivacaine. Lidocaine ($3.0{\pm}1.9$ min), bupivacaine ($4.1{\pm}2.9$ min) and ropivacaine ($3.3{\pm}1.3$ min). But there were no significant differences; Action duration of Horner's syndrome of ropivacaine (223.6?105.2 min) was longer than lidocaine ($134.6{\pm}77.3$ min) and shorter than bupivacaine ($241.2{\pm}115.8$ min). There were significant differences in the action duration of each local anesthetics (P<0.05). There was no critical side effects and temporary foreign body sensation was the most common side effect. Conclusions: We conclude that ropivacaine is a good alternative in SGB instead of lidocaine or bupivacaine. Ropivacaine is a long acting local anesthetic similar to those of bupivacaine with wide margin of safety. However, optimal concentration and volume of ropivacaine in SGB should be studied.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2016

Background One-per-mil tumescent solution, which contains 0.2% lidocaine with 1:1,000,000 epinephrine, has been reported to be clinically effective for hand surgery under local anesthesia. However, it was lacking in its basic pharmacokinetics profile in regard to the onset of action (OOA) and duration of action (DOA). Methods A randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 12 volunteers who met the inclusion criteria from October to November 2014. All volunteers had their right and left ring finger pulps injected with either one-per-mil solution or 2% lidocaine. Semmes-Weinstein and two-point discrimination tests were used to test sensation. Visual analogue scale was recorded at the time when the finger lost its sensation and when it regained normal sensation to measure the OOA and DOA. The data were then analyzed with a paired t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The OOA and DOA of 2% plain lidocaine were 1 minute and 99.67 minutes, respectively. Meanwhile, 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution showed an OOA of 5 minutes and a DOA of 186.83 minutes. The OOA of 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution is statistically shorter than 2% plain lidocaine (P=0.04); while its DOA is statistically longer than 2% plain lidocaine (P<0.001). Conclusions The 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution is statistically and clinically superior to 2% plain lidocaine in achieving longer duration of local anesthesia.