• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2016

Objective: In the present study, the effects of visual restriction and unstable base dual-task training (VUDT), stable base dual-task training (SDT), and on stroke patients' balance and concentration abilities were examined. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Dual-task training was conducted for thirty persons with chronic stroke who were hospitalized or receiving physical therapy and were randomly assigned to either the VUDT group (n=15) or the SDT group (n=15). The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 participants each, the VUDT group and the SDT group. Dual-task training was administered for 30 minutes per session, three times a week for 8 weeks. The participants' balance was measured via the center of pressure migration distances, functional reach test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and attention was measured using the trail-making test and the Stroop test. Results: In comparisons within each group, the two groups showed significant differences before and after the training (p<0.05). In the comparisons between the groups, the VUDT group showed significant improvements in center of pressure (COP), FRT, and BBS, and TMT compared to the SDT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: It would be more effective to conduct dual-task training as a rehabilitation training program under vision restriction and unstable supporting surface conditions than to conduct the test under unstable supporting plane conditions to improve balance and attention in chronic stroke patients.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.707-717
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to develop and verify the effects of the exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training program on cognitive function and depression of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were assigned into two groups: an experimental group receiving an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task (n=20) and a control group receiving a simple-task (n=18). After 8 weeks of intervention (2 days per week), the change in depression and cognitive functions were compared between the groups. Results: General cognitive function (t=-2.81, p=.011), frontal cognitive function (Z=-3.50, p<.001), attention/working memory function (U=-2.91, p=.004), depression (t=4.96, p<.001) of the experimental group were significantly increased than those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task program for MCI was effective in improving general cognitive function, frontal and executive function, attention/working memory function, and reducing depression.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Driving is a complex psychomotor task often interrupted by secondary activities that increase cognitive workload and divert attention away from the roadway. The risk of inattentive driving is known to vary with age. To assess the characteristics of advancing age on driver's cognitive workload under dual task condition, we evaluate the performance of 96 drivers divided into three age groups: 20's, 40's, and 60's. This study considers driver's cognitive workload in the context of urban and highway driving. Error rate & Dual task cost are used to measure driver's cognitive workload. Results indicate that age impacts cognitive workload during dual task driving conditions.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of dual motor task training and simple task training on the balance of subacute stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 23 subacute stroke patients participated in the study. The subjects were allocated randomly to two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Both groups received conventional treatment for 50 minutes, 5 times per week for 6 weeks. In addition, the experimental group stacked blocks, moved catch cups, and moved rings while standing and gait. To evaluate the effects of the exercises, subjects were evaluated by using the balance system and the timed get up and go test(TUG) for balance measurement. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant decrease on the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior stability index compared to the control group (p<.05) for the simple task and a significant decrease on the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior stability index compared to the control group for the dual task. In addition, the experimental group showed a significant increase in TUG time compared to the control group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results support the perceived benefits of dual motor task training to augment the balance of subacute stroke patients. Therefore, dual motor task training is recommended for subacute stroke patients.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 한 동시적 이중과제 훈련을 적용하였을 때 실행기능의 효과를 알아본 연구를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : PubMed, EMBASE, CoChrane, Web of Science, RISS를 이용하여 지난 10년간 출판된 논문을 검색하였고, 선정 및 배제 기준을 통해 최종 7편의 논문을 선정하였다. 선정 논문에 대한 PEDro 질적평가와 메타분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 선정된 7편의 논문은 모두 무작위 대조군 설계로, PEDro Scale 7점 이상의 높은 편에 속하였다. 이중과제 훈련의 실행기능 효과를 보기 위한 평가도구로 4편의 문헌에서 선로잇기검사(Trail Making Test)를 사용하였고, 2편에서 색선로잇기검사(Color Trail Test)를 사용하였으며, 3편에서 스트룹검사(Stroop test)를 사용하였다. 메타분석을 실시한 결과 전체적인 실행기능의 향상은 0.38로 작은효과크기를 보였으며, 선로잇기검사와 색선로잇기검사는 0.37, 스트룹검사는 0.34로 작은효과크기를 보였다. 전체적인 실행기능 효과와 선로잇기검사, 색선로잇기검사의 효과크기만 통계학적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 이중과제 훈련이 노인의 실행기능 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였지만, 이중과제 훈련의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 훈련의 난이도 설정이 중요하며, 실행기능을 평가하는 다양한 평가도구와 실제 이중과제 조건에서의 수행도를 평가하는 평가도 동시에 이루어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 향후, 노인들의 실행기능 향상 훈련을 하는데 적절한 중재방법으로 사용될 수 있으며, 치매 발현을 늦추는데 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.303-306
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• 2017

Purpose: Gait variability is defined as the intrinsic fluctuations which occur during continuous gait cycles. Increased gait variability is closely associated with increased fall risk in older adults. This study investigated the influence of attention-demanding tasks on gait variability in elderly healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy elderly adults in this study. All participants performed two cognitive tasks: a subtraction dual-task (SDT) and working memory dual-task (WMDT) during gait plus one normal gait. Using the $LEGSys^+$ system, we measured the coefficient of variation (CV %=$100{\times}$[standard deviation/mean]) for participants' stride time, stride length, and stride velocity. Results: SDT gait showed significant increment of stride time variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05), however, stride length and velocity variability did not difference between SDT gait and usual gait (p>0.05). WMDT gait showed significant increment of stride time and velocity variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05). In addition, stride time variability during WMDT gait also significantly increased compared with SDT gait (p<0.05). Conclusion: We reported that SDT and WMDT gait can induce the increment of the gait variability in elderly adults. We assume that attention demanding task based on working memory has the most influence on the interference between cognitive and gait function. Understanding the changes during dual task gait in older ages would be helpful for physical intervention strategies and improved risk assessment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ball kicking dual task gait training with the addition of a cognitive task with general treadmill gait training (TGT) on gait speed, gait endurance, functional gait, balance and balance confidence in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fourteen stroke patients who volunteered to participate in this study were randomly divided into two groups with seven patients in each group: ball kicking dual task training (DTT) group and TGT group. The DTT group received ball kicking DTT with cognitive tasks consisted of three stages and the TGT group received TGT using normal walking speed, respectively, for 30 minutes per day 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Outcome assessments were made with the 10-meter walking test (10MWT), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), functional gait assessment (FGA), Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and the activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale. Results: The DTT group showed more significant improvement in the 10MWT, 6MWT, FGA, BBS, TUG, and ABC than the TGT group (p<0.05). In addition, within groups comparison showed significant improvement in all variables (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that both ball kicking dual task gait training and TGT improve gait performance and balance in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. However, ball kicking dual task gait training results showed more favorable outcomes than TGT for chronic hemiparetic stoke patients.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2020

본 연구는 만성기 뇌졸중 환자에서 이중과제 훈련이 균형, 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 14명의 만성기 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 7명은 이중과제 훈련을, 7명은 단일과제 훈련을 주 3회, 회당 30분, 4주간 실시하였다. 균형능력의 평가는 Balance Trainer 4(BT 4)를 사용하였고, 상지기능은 젭슨-테일러 손 기능 평가(JTT)를, 일상생활활동 수행능력 평가는 한글판 수정바델지수(K-MBI)를 사용하였다. 중재 후, 이중과제 훈련군이 BT 4, JTT에서 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<.05). 두 그룹 간의 차이도 BT 4, JTT에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). K-MBI 점수의 향상은 있었지만 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>.05). 이중과제 훈련군이 만성기 뇌졸중 환자의 균형, 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행능력을 향상하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between the time taken and the characteristics of touch key for touch-screen-based in-vehicle information system (IVIS) and to suggest a new Fitts' law formula that is added a driving speed parameter. Many studies already have shown that Fitts' law is well fitted in various devices for primary tasks, but there is no study of Fitts' law for secondary task in dual-task situation. Fitts' law may not be applied to the secondary task as it is, because the secondary task performance can be affected by the amount of attention for the primary task. To verify this, we carried out an experiment that showed whether pointing task to touch-screen-based IVIS during driving is affected by driving speeds or not. In the experiment, 30 people were volunteered for participants and the participants carried out driving task and pointing task on the screen of IVIS simultaneously. We measured the time to point a touch key on IVIS for every condition (3 driving speeds${\times}5$ touch key sizes${\times}7$ distances between steering wheel and touch key). As a result, there was an effect of driving speed on the pointing time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' law formula by incorporating driving speed, we established an extended Fitts' law formula for pointing on IVIS, which showed better accordance with dual task situation. This study can be evidence that secondary task performance is affected by degree of concentration on primary task, and the extended Fitts' law formula can be useful to design interfaces of IVIS.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of study was to investigate effects of dual task balance training on balance and activities of daily living(ADL) in Stroke patient. Methods : The purpose of study was to investigate effects of dual task balance training on balance and activities of daily living(ADL) in Stroke patient. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: There were significant improvement in balance and ADL following the training in experimental group. There were significant improvement in a part of balance following the training in control group, whereas there were no significant improvement in ADL following the training in control group. There were significant difference following training in both groups in balance and ADL. The level of statistical significance was <05. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, dual task balance training have an effects on balance and ADL in stroke patients.