Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2017.29.6.303

Changes of Gait Variability by the Attention Demanding Task in Elderly Adults  

Yeo, Sang Seok (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy / v.29, no.6, 2017 , pp. 303-306 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Gait variability is defined as the intrinsic fluctuations which occur during continuous gait cycles. Increased gait variability is closely associated with increased fall risk in older adults. This study investigated the influence of attention-demanding tasks on gait variability in elderly healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy elderly adults in this study. All participants performed two cognitive tasks: a subtraction dual-task (SDT) and working memory dual-task (WMDT) during gait plus one normal gait. Using the $LEGSys^+$ system, we measured the coefficient of variation (CV %=$100{\times}$[standard deviation/mean]) for participants' stride time, stride length, and stride velocity. Results: SDT gait showed significant increment of stride time variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05), however, stride length and velocity variability did not difference between SDT gait and usual gait (p>0.05). WMDT gait showed significant increment of stride time and velocity variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05). In addition, stride time variability during WMDT gait also significantly increased compared with SDT gait (p<0.05). Conclusion: We reported that SDT and WMDT gait can induce the increment of the gait variability in elderly adults. We assume that attention demanding task based on working memory has the most influence on the interference between cognitive and gait function. Understanding the changes during dual task gait in older ages would be helpful for physical intervention strategies and improved risk assessment.
Keywords
Dual task; Attention demanding task; Working memory; Gait analysis; Aging;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Asai T, Misu S, Doi T et al. Effects of dual-tasking on control of trunk movement during gait: respective effect of manual- and cognitive-task. Gait Posture. 2014;39(1):54-9.   DOI
2 Hagner-Derengowska M, Kaluzny K, Hagner W et al. The effect of two different cognitive tests on gait parameters during dual tasks in healthy postmenopausal women. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:1205469.
3 Anderson DE, Madigan ML. Healthy older adults have insufficient hip range of motion and plantar flexor strength to walk like healthy young adults. J Biomech. 2014;47(5):1104-9.   DOI
4 Gillain S, Boutaayamou M, Dardenne N et al. Data set of healthy old people assessed for three walking conditions using accelerometric and opto-electronic methods. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2017.
5 Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F et al. Do frailty and cognitive impairment affect dual-task cost during walking in the oldest old institutionalized patients? Age (Dordr). 2015;37(6):124.   DOI
6 Vieira ER, Lim HH, Brunt D et al. Temporo-spatial gait parameters during street crossing conditions: a comparison between younger and older adults. Gait Posture. 2015;41(2):510-5.   DOI
7 Abbott RD, White LR, Ross GW et al. Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA. 2004;292(12):1447-53.   DOI
8 Beauchet O, Kressig RW, Najafi B et al. Age-related decline of gait control under a dual-task condition. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(8):1187-8.
9 LaRoche DP, Greenleaf BL, Croce RV et al. Interaction of age, cognitive function, and gait performance in 50-80-year-olds. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):9693.   DOI
10 Soangra R, Lockhart TE. Dual-task does not increase slip and fall risk in healthy young and older adults during walking. Appl Bionics Biomech. 2017;2017:1014784.
11 Muhaidat J, Kerr A, Evans JJ et al. Exploring gait-related dual task tests in community-dwelling fallers and non-faller: A pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013;29(5):351-70.   DOI
12 Najafi B, Helbostad JL, Moe-Nilssen R et al. Does walking strategy in older people change as a function of walking distance? Gait Posture. 2009;29(2):261-6.   DOI
13 Gill SV, Walsh MK, Pratt JA et al. Changes in spatiotemporal gait patterns during flat ground walking and obstacle crossing 1 year after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12(5):1080-5.   DOI
14 Hollman JH, Kovash FM, Kubik JJ et al. Age-related differences in spatiotemporal markers of gait stability during dual task walking. Gait Posture. 2007;26(1):113-9.   DOI
15 Yu KH, Jeon HS. The effects of dual-task gait training on gait performance under cognitive tasks in chronic stroke. J Kor Phys Ther. 2015;27(5):364-8.   DOI
16 Choi JH, Park SH. The effect of dual-task training on a serial reaction time task for motor learning. J Kor Phys Ther. 2012;24(6):405-8.   DOI
17 Zukowski LA, Martin JM, Scronce G et al. The influence of cognitive load on metabolic cost of transport during overground walking in healthy, young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(4):679-86.   DOI
18 Najafi B, Khan T, Wrobel J. Laboratory in a box: wearable sensors and its advantages for gait analysis. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011; 2011:6507-10.
19 Catena RD, van Donkelaar P, Chou LS. Cognitive task effects on gait stability following concussion. Exp Brain Res. 2007;176(1):23-31.   DOI
20 Kusakunniran W, Wu Q, Li H et al. Automatic gait recognition using weighted binary pattern on video. 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. 2009:49-54.
21 Boyer KA, Johnson RT, Banks JJ et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of gait mechanics in young and older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2017;95:63-70.   DOI
22 MacKay-Lyons M. Central pattern generation of locomotion: a review of the evidence. Phys Ther. 2002;82(1):69-83.   DOI
23 Jahn K, Zwergal A. Imaging supraspinal locomotor control in balance disorders. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2010;28(1):105-14.
24 Takakusaki K. Forebrain control of locomotor behaviors. Brain Res Rev. 2008;57(1):192-8.   DOI
25 Marder E, Bucher D. Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements. Curr Biol. 2001;11(23):R986-96.   DOI
26 Martinez-Ramirez A, Martinikorena I, Lecumberri P et al. Dual task gait performance in frail individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2016;42(1-2):7-16.   DOI
27 Holtzer R, Wang C, Verghese J. The relationship between attention and gait in aging: facts and fallacies. Motor Control. 2012;16(1):64-80.   DOI
28 Hertzog C, Dixon RA, Hultsch DF et al. Latent change models of adult cognition: Are changes in processing speed and working memory associated with changes in episodic memory? Psychol Aging. 2003;18(4):755-69.   DOI
29 Park DC, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T et al. Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychol Aging. 2002;17(2):299-320.   DOI
30 Qu X. Age-related cognitive task effects on gait characteristics: Do different working memory components make a difference? J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2014;11:149.   DOI
31 Laessoe U, Hoeck HC, Simonsen O et al. Residual attentional capacity amongst young and elderly during dual and triple task walking. Hum Mov Sci. 2008;27(3):496-512.   DOI
32 Wrightson JG, Ross EZ, Smeeton NJ. The effect of cognitive-task type and walking speed on dual-task gait in healthy adults. Motor Control. 2016;20(1):109-21.   DOI