• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2009

Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space and K a nonempty closed convex subset which is also a nonexpansive retract of E. For i = 1, 2, 3, let $T_i:K{\rightarrow}E$ be an asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with sequence ${\{k_n^{(i)}\}\subset[1,{\infty})$ such that $\sum_{n-1}^{\infty}(k_n^{(i)}-1)$ < ${\infty},\;k_{n}^{(i)}{\rightarrow}1$, as $n{\rightarrow}\infty$ and F(T)=$\bigcap_{i=3}^3F(T_i){\neq}{\phi}$ (the set of all common xed points of $T_i$, i = 1, 2, 3). Let {$a_n$},{$b_n$} and {$c_n$} are three real sequences in [0, 1] such that $\in{\leq}\;a_n,\;b_n,\;c_n\;{\leq}\;1-\in$ for $n{\in}N$ and some ${\in}{\geq}0$. Starting with arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define sequence {$x_n$} by setting {$$x_{n+1}=P((1-a_n)x_n+a_nT_1(PT_1)^{n-1}y_n)$$ $$y_n=P((1-b_n)x_n+a_nT_2(PT_2)^{n-1}z_n)$$ $$z_n=P((1-c_n)x_n+c_nT_3(PT_3)^{n-1}x_n)$$. Assume that one of the following conditions holds: (1) E satises the Opial property, (2) E has Frechet dierentiable norm, (3) $E^*$ has Kedec -Klee property, where $E^*$ is dual of E. Then sequence {$x_n$} converges weakly to some p${\in}$F(T).

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

Purpose: Heat transfer analysis of recently developed 'slim type double-skin system window' were presented. This window system is designed for curtain wall type façade that main energy loss factor of recent elegant buildings. And the double skin system is the dual window system integrated with inner shading component, enclosed gap space made by two windows when both windows were closed and shading component effectively reflect and terminate solar radiation from outdoor. Usually double-skin system requires much more space than normal window systems but this development has limited by 270mm, facilitated for curtain wall façade buildings. In this study, we estimated thermophysical phenomena of our double-skin curtain wall system window with solar load conditions at the summer season. Method: A fully 3-Dimentional analysis adopted for flow and convective and radiative heat transfer. The commercial CFD package were used to model the surface to surface radiation for opaque solid region of windows' frame, transparent glass, fluid region at inside of double-skin and indoor/outdoor environments. Result: Steep angle of solar incident occur at solar summer conditions. And this steep solar ray cause direct heat absorption from outside of frame surface rather than transmitted through the glass. Moreover, reflection effect of shading unit inside at the double-skin window system was nearly disappeared because of solar incident angle. With this circumstances, double-skin window system effectively cuts the heat transfer from outdoor to indoor due to separation of air space between outdoor and indoor with inner space of double-skin window system.

• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.101-110
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• 1996

CHOOSA GORACK which is a typical example of traditional houses in the CHO SEON dynasty consists of the four terraced builfing group. Among those,SADANG CHAI are located in the highest level,and SADANG CHAI and SADANG CHAI are toward south direction.It means that building orientation and level were influenced by the distinction of social level and the idea of ancester worship. Floor and ceiling level in the same building is different which was caused by the distinetion of social level in the CHO SEON dynasty and an ariental dual as a variety of openings,exposed ceilings,and furniture against a wall were creating a typical Korean visual harmony. Although the furniture and equipments were very important elements in ONDOL BANG the occupance ratio of these were low because the free space in BANG should be utilized effectively to accommodate the space variation.Both an AN CHAI and SARANG CHAI were composed by the standard space module called KAN.And interior elements were established by several factors such as the human scale,the behavior pattern in traditional sitting life style, and the lumber size of post and lintel construction of Korean house.BANG and DAE GHUNG, composed of KAN,were expanded and arranged side by side so that the natural light and ventilation through them could be used in the result of the kind of lay out,traffic circulation was disturved.In conclusion,CHOOSA GOTACK was formed by the sirect effice of the KOREAN penisula. However this study was based on one sample. It may not enough to deduct soild conclusion.Therefore continuous and farher study is needed for the sestemane evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2007

This paper introduces a recently developed reinforced earth wall system with steel framed-facing. The new system incorporates a steel-framed facing that might be assembled on-site and steel strip or geogrid type reinforcements for backfill area. In order to enhance scenery view design of the wall construction, dual-structured facing is proposed in which room for planting space locates in the front of facing. A reinforced earth walls using the proposed system was constructed to verify constructability of the proposed system and facing movement and tensile characteristics of reinforcement were measured to understand the mechanical behavior.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1105-1118
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• 2014

In this paper, a new reversible data hiding method based on a dual binary tree of embedding levels is proposed. Four neighborhood pixels in the upper, below, left and right of each pixel are used as reference pixels to estimate local complexity for deciding embeddable and non-embeddable pixels. The proposed method does not need to record pixels that might cause underflow, overflow or unsuitable for embedment. This can reduce the size of location map and release more space for payload. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective in increasing payload and improving image quality than some recently proposed methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2003

An analysis has been performed for active thermal control of the KOMPSAT monopropellant rocket engine assembly, i.e., dual thruster module(DTM). The main efforts of this work have been directed at determining proper heater sizes for propellant valves and catalyst beds necessary to maintain their temperatures within specified temperature ranges under KOMPSAT environment and operational conditions. The TAS incorporated with TRASYS thermal radiation analyzer was used to establish a complete heat transfer model which allows to predict the DTM temperature as a function of time. The thermal analysis has been performed in transient mode to verify the appropriate power for catalyst bed heaters necessary to increase catalyst bed temperature to the required value within a specified period of time. Similar analysis has been executed to validate the heater power for the thermostatically controlled primary and redundant heater circuits used to prevent hydrazine freezing, i.e., single fault. Moreover the effect of the radiative property of thermal control coating of heat shield was examined. Thruster firing condition was also simulated for the heat soakback condition. As a consequence, all thermal analysis results for DTM satisfactorily met the thermal requirements for the KOMPSAT DTM under the worst case average voltage, i.e. 25 volt.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3397-3406
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• 2012

Three types of spherulitic morphologies have been investigated in dual substrate mode of Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) type reaction system. Prior to growth of spherulites, three distinct patterning behaviors have been observed sequentially during the reaction process. Initial and the early-phase of reaction showed the emergence of concentric ring-like wave patterns. A colloidal-state of reaction consists of numerous fine solid particles, which forms primarily some nucleation centers of dendritic characters. The nucleation centers were found to grow in sizes and shapes with the progress of reaction. It leads to growth of dendritic-like spherulitic crystal patterns. The resultant spherulites showed transitions in their morphologies, including sea-weeds and rhythmic spherulitic crystal patterns, by the effects substituted organic substrate and in the higher concentration of bromate-initiator respectively. The branching mechanism and crystal ordering of spherulitic textures were studied with help of optical microscope (OPM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Characteristics of crystal phases were also evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Results indicated that the compositions of reactants and crystal orderings were interrelated with morphological transitions of spherulites as illustrated and described.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.431-444
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• 2018

Numerical simulations have been conducted to study the unstart/restart characteristics of an over-under turbine-based combined-cycle propulsion system (TBCC) inlet during the inlet transition phase. A dual-solution area exists according to the Kantrowitz theory, in which the inlet states may be different even with the same input parameters. The entire transition process was divided into five stages and the unstart/restart hysteresis loop for each stage was also obtained. These loops construct a hysteresis surface which separates the operating space of the engine into three parts: in which a) inlet can maintain a started state; b) inlet keeps an unstarted state; c) inlet state depends on its initial state. During the transition, the operation of the engine follows a certain order with different backpressures and splitter angles, namely control route, which may result in disparate inlet states. Nine control routes with different backpressures and transition stages were designed to illuminate the route-dependent behavior of the inlet. The control routes operating towards the unstart boundary can make the inlet transit from a started state into an unstarted one. But operating backward the same route cannot make the inlet restart, additional effort should be made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.367-371
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• 2007

Large capacity UPS and emergency generators are being installed and operated at the specific target of important electric facilities that need uninterruptible power supply by the method of countermeasure against power failure for the less reliable incoming power method. Recently, CTTS (Closed Transition Transfer Switch) is being used as uninterruptible power transfer switch at the Common sources of electricity, generator and multiple generators. In this paper, construction plans for uninterruptible power supply system has been suggested in which CTTS has been applied to the secondary of incoming power generator for reliable common dual system method. By briefing the construction of incoming power facilities, large capacity UPS, emergency generator installation space and investment saving effects can be achieved.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.189-201
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential development of a communal child care project that would lead towards a more family friendly community. By reviewing the case of the Daejeon Health Family Support Center, the study revealed that many child care providers showed an interest in communal child care. But the providers also had problems seeking both partners for communal child care and a communal place to gather. The Daejeon Health Family Support Center had several elements of strength in communal child care project. First, they provided educational programs for care providers to promote the professional knowledge and skills needed for child care and education. The participants' responses to the program were satisfactory, in that they showed the relative effectiveness of such programs in improving attitudes towards Pumasi, along with customized services and other programs provided by the Healthy Family Support Center. In addition, the availability of professional child care services in the attached gym, the Saturday classes for dual earner families, and the prompt response by the center to requests that more space be provided, also contributed to the success of Pumasi program.