• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.281-318
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• 2014

This article aims to inquire into the decision making system and the sources of the original documents made by means of it in Imperial Japan, the colonial Chosun, GHQ, and the occupied Japan in terms of the post-war treatments of compensation on the Japanese colonial rules. It deals with them from 1910 to 1952 in the perspective of history and archivistics. This article attempts to establish the foundation on which the perception of the documents made in the Imperial Japan, its colony, and the occupied territory would be widened by placing the colonial rules and the compensation on them into a continuous line. The records of Japan's forced occupation of Korea during 1910-1945, and the original records documenting the decision making process of post-war compensation under GHQ, 1945-1952, have been dispersed in Korea, Japan and the United States. This dispersed preservation was mainly due to the complicated decision-making process among Governor-General of Chosun, the Japanese Imperial government, and the GHQ. It was the top-down styled, dual decision making system, in which the critical policies, personnel, and budget had been decided in Imperial homeland, while their implementations were made in the colonies. As a result, the records documenting the whole process of domination have been preserved dispersedly in Japan and its colonies. In particular, the accounts of not yet paid Korean workers that was forced to mobilize in Japan's colonial periods, which is emerging as the diplomatic conflict between Korea and Japan, had been dealt in the decrees of the Japanese government and policy-making of GHQ. It has already been changed to the problem as 'economic cooperation' from the 'debt'. Also, the critical records for post-war compensation were preserved dispersedly in the United States and Japan under the top-down decision making process of GHQ-Japan. Therefore, the dispersed records of 1910-1952 about the colonial rules by the Imperial Japan and the post-war compensation on them must be re-investigated for the adequate documentation in the context of time and space.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2023

Purpose: A mismatched size in the post and post space is a common problem during post-fixation. Since this discordance affects the bonding strength of the fiber-reinforced composite resin post (FRC Post), a corresponding luting agent is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of the FRC post according to the fitness of the fiber post and the type of luting agent. Materials and Methods: Thirty mandibular premolar were endodontic-treated and assigned to two groups according to their prepared post space: Fitting (F) and Mismatching (M). These groups were further classified into three subgroups according to their luting agent: RelyX Unicem (ReX), Luxacore dual (Lux), and Duolink (Duo). A push-out test was performed to measure the push-out bond strengths. The fractured surfaces of each cross-section were then examined, and the fracture modes were classified. Results: In the ReX and Duo subgroups, the F group had a higher mean bond strength; however, the Lux subgroup had no significant difference between the F and M groups. In the analysis of the failure modes, the ReX subgroup had only adhesive failures between the cement and dentin. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the bond strength of an FRC post was influenced by the type of luting agent and the mismatch between the diameter of the prepared post space and that of the post.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11A
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• pp.878-891
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• 2011

We consider the throughput-maximization problem for both the up- and downlink in a wireless network with interference channels. For this purpose, we design an iterative and distributive uplink algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation. Using the uplink power prices and network duality, we achieve throughput-maximization in the dual downlink that has a symmetric channel and an equal power budget compared to the uplink. The network duality we prove here is a generalized version of previous research [10], [11]. Computational tests show that the performance of the up- and downlink throughput for our algorithms is close to the optimal value for the channel orthogonality factor, ${\theta}{\in}$(0.5, 1]. On the other hand, when the channels are slightly orthogonal (${\theta}{\in}$(0, 0.5]), we observe some throughput degradation in the downlink. We have extended our analysis to the real downlink that has a nonsymmetric channel and an unequal power budget compared to the uplink. It is shown that the modified duality-based approach is thoroughly applied to the real downlink. Considering the complexity of the algorithms in [6] and [18], we conclude that these results are quite encouraging in terms of both performance and practical applicability of the generalized duality theorem.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

Recently, SPECT/CT system has been applied to many diseases, however, the application is not extensively applied at pulmonary disease. Especially, in case that, the pulmonary embolisms suspect at the CT images, SPECT is performed. For the accurate diagnosis, SPECT/CT tests are subsequently undergoing.However, without SPECT/CT, there are some limitations to apply these procedures. With SPECT/CT, although, most of the examination performed after CT. Moreover, such a test procedures generate unnecessary dual irradiation problem to the patient. In this study, we evaluated the amount of unnecessary irradiation, and the usefulness of fusion images of pulmonary disease, which independently acquired from SPECT and CT. Using NEMA PhantomTM (NU2-2001), SPECT and CT scan were performed for fusion images. From June 2011 to September 2010, 10 patients who didn't have other personal history, except lung disease were selected (male: 7, female: 3, mean age: $65.3{\pm}12.7$). In both clinical patient and phantom data, the fusion images scored higher than SPECT and CT images. The fusion images, which is combined with pulmonary vessel images from CT and functional images from SPECT, can increase the detection possibility in detecting pulmonary embolism in the resin of lung parenchyma. It is sure that performing SPECT and CT in integral SPECT/CT system were better. However, we believe this protocol can give more informative data to have more accurate diagnosis in the hospital without integral SPECT/CT system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using the harmonic control circuit based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) is presented to reduce the phase noise without the reduction of the frequency tuning range and miniaturize the circuit size. The phase noise is reduced by the novel harmonic control circuit having the short impedances for the second- and third-harmonic components. The proposed harmonic control circuit is designed by using the CRLH TLs with the dual-band characteristic by the frequency offset and phase slope of the CRLH TLs. The high-Q resonator has been used to reduce the phase noise, but has the problem of the frequency tuning range reduction. However, the frequency tuning range of the proposed VCO has not been reduced because the phase noise has been reduced without the high-Q resonator. The miniaturization of the circuit size is achieved by using the CRLH TLs instead of the conventional right-handed (RH) TLs. The phase noise of VCO is -119.17 ~ -117.50 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz in the tuning range of 5.731 ~ 5.938 GHz.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2016

Large scale integrated circuits (LSIs) has been improved by the shrinkage of the circuit dimensions. The smaller chip sizes and increase in circuit density require the miniaturization of the line-width and space between metal interconnections. Therefore, an extreme precise control of the critical dimension and pattern profile is necessary to fabricate next generation nano-electronics devices. The pattern profile control of plasma etching with an accuracy of sub-nanometer must be achieved. To realize the etching process which achieves the problem, understanding of the etching mechanism and precise control of the process based on the real-time monitoring of internal plasma parameters such as etching species density, surface temperature of substrate, etc. are very important. For instance, it is known that the etched profiles of organic low dielectric (low-k) films are sensitive to the substrate temperature and density ratio of H and N atoms in the H2/N2 plasma [1]. In this study, we introduced a feedback control of actual substrate temperature and radical density ratio monitored in real time. And then the dependence of etch rates and profiles of organic films have been evaluated based on the substrate temperatures. In this study, organic low-k films were etched by a dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma employing the mixture of H2/N2 gases. A 100-MHz power was supplied to an upper electrode for plasma generation. The Si substrate was electrostatically chucked to a lower electrode biased by supplying a 2-MHz power. To investigate the effects of H and N radical on the etching profile of organic low-k films, absolute H and N atom densities were measured by vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy [2]. Moreover, using the optical fiber-type low-coherence interferometer [3], substrate temperature has been measured in real time during etching process. From the measurement results, the temperature raised rapidly just after plasma ignition and was gradually saturated. The temporal change of substrate temperature is a crucial issue to control of surface reactions of reactive species. Therefore, by the intervals of on-off of the plasma discharge, the substrate temperature was maintained within ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ from the set value. As a result, the temperatures were kept within $3^{\circ}C$ during the etching process. Then, we etched organic films with line-and-space pattern using this system. The cross-sections of the organic films etched for 50 s with the substrate temperatures at $20^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ were observed by SEM. From the results, they were different in the sidewall profile. It suggests that the reactions on the sidewalls changed according to the substrate temperature. The precise substrate temperature control method with real-time temperature monitoring and intermittent plasma generation was suggested to contribute on realization of fine pattern etching.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.31-54
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• 2012

Along with increasing mothers' employment, work-family reconciliation has been recognised as a key policy agenda in contemporary welfare states. Although various policy instruments have been introduced and expanded in recent years, the problem of time allocation within couples still remains as a fundamental issue, which has been largely underresearched at a micro perspective. In this context, this study aims to identify dominant types of work-family time allocation within married couple, and to apply these types to the Korean case using the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. Further, a series of multiple regression analyses will be implemented to find factors affecting each ideal type of work-family time allocation. The 1999 and 2009 Korea Time Use Survey datasets will be adopted for the analyses. Married couples are selected as samples only when men work 40 hours or more per week and they have at least one pre-school child. Empirical analyses cover three parts. First of all, four ideal types on work-family time allocation are classified by intersecting two core variables - the ratio of men's (paid) working and family (caring time plus domestic work) time to total working and family time. In this research, the four types will be labelled the traditional male breadwinner model (TM, high working and low family time), the dual burden model (DB, shared working but low family time), the family-friendly male breadwinner model (FM, high working but shared family time), and the adaptive partnership model (AP, shared working and shared family time). By comparing the composition of the four ideal types in 1999 and 2009, it will examine the trend of work-family time allocation in Korea. In addition, multiple regressions will be useful for investigating which characteristics contribute to the different degree of each fuzzy ideal score in the four models. Finally, policy implications and further research agenda will be discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.261-271
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• 1996

Introduction: Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disorder, is a condition of reduced bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity in postmenopausal women. Therefore family physicians as primary care physicians are in a key position for preventing and treating this disorder. So we studied the factors affecting to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 136 spontaneous postmenopausal women were participated in the study. They have measured spinal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry from January 1992 to June 1995 at Yeungnam University Hospital. Age, height, weight, age at menarche and menopause, number of child and breast feeding child, history of oral pill ingestion, family history of osteoporosis, amount of milk and coffee ingestion, consumption of tobacco and alcohol and physical activity were assessed by qustionnaire and medical records. Results: The mean age is 55.2 and mean age at menopause is 47.9. Height, weight and physical activity were significantly positive correlated to bone mineral density. But age, duration after menopause and number of child were significantly negative correlated. Also age, height, weight, physical activity and duration after menopause were significantly correlated to % age-matched bone mineral density. In multiple regression analysis, which dependent variable is bone mineral density, duration after menopause, physical activity and weight were significant contributors. Duration after menopause is most the largest contributor. In multiple regression analysis, which dependent variable is % age-matched bone mineral density to adjust the age effect, physical activity and weight were significant contributors. Physical activity is most the largest contributor. Conclusions: Among factors affecting to BMD in postmenopausal women, physical activity and weight were more important factors. Therefore continuous physical activity is significant factor to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.392-407
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• 2018

This study aims to prove the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation and perceived social support in the relationship between covert narcissism on the relation addiction. The researchers surveyed college students for about 3 weeks through a questionnaire on college campus or with the help of their colleagues and professors. The subjects were 362 students. SPSS, AMOS and Mplus were used for statistical analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation analysis. The conclusions are as follows : First, emotion dysregulation, relation addiction and covert narcissism showed positive correlation and covert narcissism, emotion dysregulation, relation addiction and perceived social support showed a significant negative correlation. Second, it was found that after investigating the mediation effect of emotion dysregulation and perceived social support in the influence between covert narcissism and relation addiction, emotion dysregulation turned out to have a significant mediating effect while perceived social support did not. Third, dual mediating effect was significant in emotion dysregulation and perceived social support in the influence between covert narcissism and relation addiction. These findings proved that covert narcissism, emotion dysregulation, perceived social support are variables that effect relation addiction, and also clarified that emotion dysregulation is a strong mediating variable in the influence between covert narcissism and relation addiction. Finally, when counseling a client with the same tendency as covert narcissism, it gives an opportunity to be aware of the emotional problem and an opportunity to positively perceive its own social resources, so as not to reach interpersonal problems such as relationship addiction pointed out the need for an approach.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.639-654
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• 2014

What is noticeable in Changgeuk Madame Ong is that for "narrativization," a main character is replaced with Madame Ong and her mother and a reinvented story as a result thereof is the female liberation from oppression. The director sought for the completeness of the narrative with a plot line created (i) by daringly deleting the latter half (episode relating to Gangsoe's death), which was a persistent problem unsolved both in the original and its derivative contents, (ii) by diluting Gangsoe's patriarchal authority and thereby creating the ending of endless love and the fruition of love, and (iii) by severing the link between Madame Ong's doomed fate of widowhood and Gangsoe's doomed fate of death by the violation of a taboo (the key factors of the original story) and at the same time, thereby inserting the doomed fate of death by Jowang (god of fire), declaring a war against jangseung (Korean traditional totem pole), the aesthetic structure representing "fictionization," and enabling a female character to gain love, fame and life through free will and spirit of resistance. The director achieved a remarkable success in terms of composition by (i) taping into a variety of genres of music, (ii) by maximizing the effect of Madame Ong's solo, (iii) by strengthening the "uniqueness of each part" through chorus, (iv) by creating a dramatic atmosphere for the change of scene, (v) by applying a dual variation of tension (resistance theme) and relaxation (freedom theme), etc.