• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5107-5110
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• 2013

Background: Among women with haematuria, defining individuals under high risk for bladder cancer based on reproductive factors prior to cystoscopy would be of great benefit in the management of this condition. The aim of this study was to compare age and reproductive factors such as menopausal status, parity, age at first delivery and age at the last delivery between women who have haematuria with or without bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 463 patients underwent diagnostic cystoscopy in D$\ddot{u}$zce University Faculty of Medicine between 1 June 2008 and 1 June 2013. Female patients who presented with persistent microscopic or macroscopic haematuria and underwent standard evaluation for haematuria including urinalysis, urine culture, urine cytology, urinary tract imaging with excretory urography or computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were tobacco use and high risk occupations for bladder cancer such as textile, dry cleaning, painting and etc. Forteen women had hematuria due to benign conditions, and 18 due to bladder cancer. Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of Duzce University Hospital. Results: Patients with haematuria due to benign reasons did not significantly differ from patients who were found to have bladder cancer in terms of age (p=0.28), menopausal status (p=0.29), mean parity (p=0.38), being nulliparous (p=0.57), parity ${\geq}3$ (p=0.22), age ${\leq}18$ years at first delivery (p=1.00), age ${\geq}30$ years at last delivery (p=0.26), age ${\geq}35$ years at last delivery (p=0.23) and percentage of the patients with advanced age (${\geq}65$ years) (p=0.18). Conclusions: It is difficult to predict a high risk for developing bladder cancer in women with haematuria based solely on reproductive factors.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.661-673
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• 2007

Rock materials of the three-storied stone pagoda in the Cheongryongsa temple in Korea are mainly composed of gneissose two-mica granite and fine-grained granite. This stone pagoda shows structural instability due to cracks and breaking-out of the stones. The surface properties of the stone is highly degraded by various inorganic pollutants and epilithic biospecies. Therefore, this study carried out comprehensive deterioration diagnosis by non-destructive methods, and some conservation treatments base on the diagnosis were carried out to reduce weathering progress. As the treatments, the biospecies and lichen that covering on the stone surfaces were removed by dry and wet cleaning, and degraded concrete applied to the pagoda for restoration in the past was removed and repaired with epoxy resin. Oxidized iron plates inserted between the rock properties were also substituted titanium stainless steels. After all processes are completed, we sprayed consolidant on the rock surface. Finally, the ground of the stone pagoda was rearranged using small rock aggregates, and the fence was established for control of artificial deterioration by visitors and environmental maintenance.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

This study focused on the properties natural dyeing and natural material and on the development of functional material for well-being in apparel industry. Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini is used as natural dyeing material which had been reported that have curable effect for unbalanced immunity, geriatric diseases like urinary tract system, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, tinnitus, hyperhidrosis and women's diseases like hypermenorrhea. And this material also has anti-cancer effect so that can restraint cancer cells. 3 kinds tester of cotton, wool and silk are dyed by boiled with each dye (flower, fruits, bark of tree) as first dyeing and dried in the shade. These testers are done by post-mordanting method. Aluminium Potassium(Alk(SO4)2), Cuprie Sulfate($CuSO4{\cdot}5H2O$), Stannous Chloride($SnCl2{\cdot}2H2O$), Ferrous Sulfate($FeCl2{\cdot}4H2O$), Titanium Sulfate 24% aqueous solution(Ti(SO4)2) are used as mordants. Dyeing results of Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini flower and bark are shown as yellow color series. And dyeing result of fruits is pink color series. Silk shows the best dyeing property. As the point of view for dyeing property, Ti, Sn, Fe would be the properchoice for mordant. Following results are extracted in this study. Yellow color is resulted in dyeing with Cornus officinalis flower as non-mordanting condition. Yellowish red color is come from dyeing with Comus officinalis fruit as non-mordanting condition. Grayish yellow tone is resulted in dyeing with bark as non-mordanting condition. Orange tone color with Ti-mordanting, green tone color with Sn-mordanting and gray tone color with Fe-mordanting is resulted respectively. However light-fastness of Comus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is very low as 1 or 2 level in non-mordanting condition, Comus officinalis flower dyeing is turned out 3 or 4 level and fruit dyeing is 4 or 5 level, bark dyeing is 2 or 3 level with Ti-mordanting respectively. Eventually Comus officinalis fruit has the best light-colorfastness property among all of dyes. dry cleaning colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, perspiration-colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, With these results, this study could conclude that dye-ability, colorfastness problem is getting better after mordanting process and practical usage would be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.928-934
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the dyeing properties of safflower yellow dye on silk for the standardization of dyeing process and color reproducibility. Yellow colorants were water-extracted from safflower petals, concentrated, and freeze-dried to obtain colorants powder. The effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature, and pH of dye bath were studied in terms of dye uptake and shade. Fastness to dry cleaning and light was evaluated. Dye uptake increased with raising temperature and brighter and more vivid yellow shade was obtained when dyed at $30^{\circ}C$. As colorants concentration increased, dye uptake increased progressively and the shade got darker and deeper. Maximum color strength was obtained at pH 3.5. It was speculated that the adsorption of colorants seemed to occur mainly by hydrogen bonding and physical force at pH 5.5 and by ionic bonding as well as hydrogen bonding below isoelectric point(pH 3.8-4.0). The results of reproducibility test showed acceptable color difference in the range of $1.11{\sim}2.01$. Washing fastness was fairly good as 4/5 rating, while light fastness was 2/3 rating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 1991

The preservative effect of cellophane film packing on the quality of semi-salted and dried mackerel was studied. The product(P) of semi-salted and dried mackerel was prepared from raw mackerel by filleting, cleaning, soaking in 15%9v/w) salt solution for 30min, draining, packing with cellophane film (PT# 300, thickness:$20{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and drying for 4 hrs at $40^{\circ}C$ in hot air dryer. The product (C) was also prepared without cellophane film packing after draining. The product (C) and (P) were stored at $5.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. After processing and during storage, moisture content of product (P) was higher than that of product (C), but contents of VBN(volatile basic nitrogen), amino nitrogen and TMA of product (P) on dry basis were lower than those of product (C). Viable cell count, TBA value, peroxide value and decreasing rate of polyenoic acid of product (P) were also lower than those of product (C). In sensory evaluation, the shelf life of product (C) was about 9 days and that of product (P) was about 14 days. From the results of chemical and sensory evaluation, it was concluded that cellophane film packing was a good condition for preserving the quality of semi-salted and dried mackerel.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.125-146
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• 2022

The Wooden Gamsil with Inscription of "Botajeon" in the collection of the Dongguk University Museum was made in imitation of the wooden architecture style of the late Joseon period. The Gamsil had suffered exfoliation in the pigment and loss of components and thus underwent conservation treatment. Prior to the conservation treatment, the damage was classified by type and form, scientific analysis was carried out on the fiber and the species of wood, and portable X-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) analysis was conducted for the pigment component analysis. According to the analyses, Korea Pine(Soft pine) was used for most parts of the Gamsil, Manchurian walnut (Jugalns spp.) was used for the signboard, and the fiber used was identified as rice straw (Oryza sativa). The P-XRF identified white lead and zinc oxide in the white pigment, red lead in the red pigment, ultramarine blue in the blue pigment, and emerald green in the green pigment. For the conservation treatment, contaminants attached to the gamsil were removed by both dry and wet cleaning, detached parts were reattached in their original places, and lost parts were restored.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.29
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• pp.33-46
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• 2023

Modern and contemporary cultural assets are defined as a collective term for tangible historical and cultural assets produced in the modern and contemporary period (around the opening of Joseon to the present) in Korea. Among them, rickshaws have been used as a major means of transportation for about 40 years since the opening of the ports in Joseon. The repair process for rickshaws divides the rickshaw into three parts, namely the body, the cover, and the wheels, applying a plaster treatment process by referring to the outcomes of the condition assessment and material analysis for the metal, wood, fiber, and paint used. Overall, the repair process is carried out through dry/wet cleaning, joining, stabilization, reinforcement of damaged parts, and other restoration treatments, which reveal metal decorations and patterns on the scaffolding (flowers, arabesque patterns, etc.) that were previously not observable with the naked eye, while also adding to the stability of the artifact. In addition, props were produced to ensure the artifact's safe exhibition.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the microbial contamination level of ultraviolet sterilizer (UVS) chambers and suggested plans to improve hygiene management. In this study, UVS chambers targeted 98 UVS in some childcare centers in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were tested according to the Korean Food Code. Of the 98 UVS chambers, total aerobic bacteria were detected in 67 (68.4%) and coliform bacteria in 5 (5.1%). Six kinds of food-poisoning bacteria, including Salmonella spp., were not detected, but Bacillus cereus was detected in 1 (2.8%) out of 98 UVS chambers. According to the UV lamp replacement period, the detection rate of total aerobic bacteria was 3 (50%) out of 6 UVS within 3 months, 3 (60%) out of 5 UVS in 3 to 6 months, and 61 (70.1%) out of 87 UVS over 6 months. The detection rate of coliform bacteria according to the UV lamp replacement period was not detected within 6 months, however, they were detected in 5 (5.7%) out of 87 chambers after more than 6 months. The level of microbial contamination in the UVS chambers was higher as the lamp replacement period was longer. Considering these results, it was determined that the UVS chambers should be kept dry and clean, and the UV lamp should be replaced periodically. In addition, it is necessary to provide the staff catering for childcare centers with continuous education regarding the cleaning of UVS chambers and the replacement of UV lamps.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.372-379
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• 2023

Background: Laundry workers are known to be exposed to organic solvents in various works including dry cleaning. Long-term exposure to organic solvents may cause adverse health effects among laundry workers. Objectives: To investigate the association between exposure to organic solvents and symptom of headache or eyestrain among laundry workers. Methods: The subjects were total 267 laundry workers who participated in the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Responses to exposure to 'inhalation of vapor from organic solvent' was categorized into two (non-exposed: rarely or absolutely not exposed during working hours; exposed: ≥1/4 working hours) or three (non-exposed; low exposure: 1/4 of the working hours; high exposure: ≥1/2 working hours) groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to organic solvents and symptom of headache or eyestrain in the last 12 months among laundry workers. Odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for experience of the symptom of headache or eyestrain with adjustment for age, sex, education, workplace size (by the number of workers), working hours per week, and current working period (year). Results: The proportions of exposure groups, i.e., non-exposed, low exposure, and high exposure, were 80.4%, 11.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. The proportion of those who had symptom of headache or eyestrain in the last 12 months was 18.7%. There was a significant association between exposure to organic solvents and experience of headache or eyestrain (OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.4~7.4). And, the proportion of those who experienced symptom of headache or eyestrain tended to increase significantly as the level of exposure to organic solvents increased (P_trend=0.002). Conclusions: Our results suggest that exposure to organic solvents are associated with symptom of headache or eystrain among laundry workers in Korea. However, further studies with more relevant design is needed to replicate the association.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

This study carried out the conservation treatment for the mattress put on the bed, which is one of 4 items in National Folklore Cultural Heritage, the Red-lacquered Furniture with the inlaid mother-of-pearl design used by Empress Sunjeonghyo (presumed), after identifying the characteristics of the manufacturing techniques and the used materials. And the study intends to compare it with the mattress placed in the Daejojeong in the Changdeokgung Palace in order to identify the characteristics of mattresses domestically used during the 1920s and 1930s. From the analysis of the mattress presumably used by Empress Sunjeonghyo, it was identified that the mattress frame was made of pinaceous hemlock spruce while the webbing and twine in the structural parts were made of jute. The findings are as follows: the burlap had a filling material that was made of jute; the straw mat was made from Oryza; and, the rest of the filling material was cotton. Rayon was used for the top cover while cotton was used for the bottom. As a result of research on the materials and the inner structure, it was found that mattress was manufactured in the form of the upholstery style mainly found in chairs and day-beds in Western furniture. Based on analysis results, materials identical to the original were adopted during the conservation treatment. Next, the process of dismantling, cleaning, repair, reinforcement and assembling was conducted. During the dismantling process, the top cover was newly discovered and some letters (Yokohama, Kobe, and Joseon) were found in the burlap filling, but there was no trace which can clarify its maker or production place. dry cleaning was carried out on the structural parts, filling materials, and the cover, and then the repair and reinforcement were done, preserving the existing materials in the upholstery structure and using the same materials for conservation. The webbing in the structural parts was reinforced using materials identical to the original, and the twine was used for arranging and fixing the springs into wooden frames. For the damaged cotton cloth and burlap, reinforcement materials identical to the original were put over it and sown. For the damaged area of the top cover, reinforcement cloth was cut and then added inside and the damaged area was sown. Assembling was carried out in the reverse order of the dismantling. After the burlap identical to the original material was inserted into the areas in contact with the springs and then fastened, a filling pad, reinforcement cloth, a straw mat, cotton cloth, cotton felt, wide cotton cloth for protecting the cover, and the cover were layered and fastened with tacks. The two mattresses used by Empress Sunjeonghyo differed only by the period of production and followed the same Western upholstery style consisting of the frames, filling materials, and covers. During the conservation treatment process, a velvet cover was newly discovered and the traces of repair in the past were found. Furthermore, identifying straw mats, straw bags, and straws for filling material, this study confirmed changes in the materials used according to the production environment. In the future, it is expected to see changes in the conservation materials during the conservation treatment and manufacturing techniques used for chairs and sofas in the upholstery style belonging to the modern cultural artifacts.