• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2009

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of grass maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of grass silage (GS) in relation to voluntary intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability. Silage was cut from a sward dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at the late-vegetative (early-cut), internode elongation (mediumcut) and flowering (late-cut) stages of growth. The DM yield at harvest was the lowest for early-cut silage (5.4 t/ha) and increased to 6.5 and 7.0 t/ha for the medium and late-cut silage respectively. As the crop matured, the crude protein (CP) concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05) and there was a marked increase in acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration (p<0.001). The three different silages were offered to four 18-month old Charolais wether sheep to measure the voluntary intake, in vivo digestibility and N retention over four 21-day periods in an incomplete changeover design. Silage degradability characteristics were determined using four fistulated sheep to measure DM degradability over 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. There was a linear decrease in the voluntary intake of silage fresh matter, DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP, and digestibility of OM in DM (Dvalue) ($P_L<0.01$) as harvesting of grass was delayed. Nitrogen intake, N output in urine, N output in faeces and N balance also linearly decreased ($P_L<0.01$) with postponed harvesting of grass for silage. DM degradability and effective degradability (ED) significantly decreased with increasing maturity of grass at harvest. The results suggest that harvesting date has a significant influence on the nutritive value of GS in terms of intake, digestibility, N balance and in sacco degradability in the rumen. It was concluded that early harvest GS ensured higher intake, digestibility, N intake and DM degradability in comparison with the medium and the late cut GS as a result of improved rumen N efficiency and utilization probably due to a better balance of available energy and protein.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 1997

우리나라에서 가장 많이 소비되고 있는 채소중의 하나인 무를 실험종으로 선택하여 토양중 크롬의 농도, 토양 pH, 공존중금속 첨가, 복토, 유기물처리의 요인을 변수로 하여 무의 생육상태 및 무에 의한 크롬의 흡수이행량 차이를 조사하였다. 무종자의 발아율은 크롬농도 50mg/kg에서는 발아에 영향이 없었으나 100% 이상이었으며, 250mg/kg에서는 63% 정도의 발아율을 나타내었다. 토양중에 처리된 크롬농도가 증가할수록 무의 초장, 근장, 건물량이 감소하는 경향이었으며 크롬농도 100mg/kg 까지는 대조구와 비슷하게 생육하였으나 크롬농도 250mg/kg에서 건물량의 약 45%의 생육저해가 나타났다. 토양 pH가 증가함에 따라 무로 흡수이행되는 크롬의 함량이 감소하는 역의 상관을 나타내었으며(줄기: $r=-0.803^*$, 뿌리: $r=-0.840^*$) Fe, Zn, Cu와 같은 공존이온 첨가시 무의 생육 및 흡수이행되는 크롬함량간에 유의성이 인정되지 않았다(줄기, 뿌리 P>0.1). 복토, 유기물처리를 하였을 경우 대조구에 비하여 생육상태가 진전되었으며, 복토처리시 무로의 흡수이행량은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면에 유기물 처리시 무로 흡수이행되는 크롬의 함량이 감소하는 경향이었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.241-241
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• 2017

Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) LAMK.,) have been cultivated in Central and South America for about 2000 years and are now grown mainly in Asia and South America. Sweet potatoes are annual in the temperate region, but are classified as perennial in the tropical region. In 2000, the cultivation area of sweet potatoes decreased to about 16,000 ha in 2000, but the cultivation area increased slightly in recent 20,000 ha in Korea. Sweet potatoes do not show higher maximum dry matter production of 120 ~ 150g per plant, and the leaf area index (LAI), which maximizes dry matter production, is known as 3.0 ~ 4.0. As the leaf area increase, the penetration of light into the canopy becomes poor, and sufficient photosynthesis cannot be achieved in the lower leaves, on the other hand the respiration increase, which results in poor dry matter production. This study was conducted to know the responses of sweet potatoes to intensive shading treatment of 80% shading. This experiment was conducted for about 42 days from September 6, 2016 to October 18, 2016 at Gyeongsang National University Experimental Farm, Jinju, Korea. The plant canopy was shaded with black nylon 80% shade cloth suspended 1.2 m above the ground. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD and NDVI were measured in 3 replicates every 7 days after shading initiation. After the fresh weight was measured, the samples were dried at $80^{\circ}C$ in a dry oven and measured. By the 80% shading treatment, chlorophyll fluorescence of the treated plants was slightly higher than that of the control, the SPAD value was higher by 3.4 and NDVI value was higher by 0.01. However, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were lower than those of the control. The stomatal conductance of the control were two times higher than those of the control and the photosynthetic rate of the control was four times higher than that of the control. In control, plant showed a tendency to steadily increase in fresh weight and dry weight. However, in the case of shading treatment, the tendency to increase in the fresh and dry weight of tuberous roots was not clear. The fresh weight of shoot showed a tendency to increase steadily while the difference between treatment and control was not large, but tended to decrease after frost.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2019

With South Korea's limited capability of feed production because of its relatively small cultivable area, the country is pushed to depend on foreign feed imports despite the immensely fluctuating price of corn. Hence, intensive efforts to increase the total cultivable area in Korea like extending of farming to mountainous area is being practiced. Corn was planted in Goesan County, a mountainous area in the country. Grain and stover were harvested separately in three harvest periods: early-harvest (Aug 8), mid-harvest (Aug 18), and late-harvest (Aug 28). The nutrient composition such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was determined after harvest. Effective degradability (ED) of the major nutrients (DM, NDF, ADF, and CP) were measured through in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid from Hanwoo (Korean cattle). pH, ammonia-N concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and gas production were periodically measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Corn grain showed higher nutrient content and ED than stover. It also had higher gas production but its pH, ammonia-N, and total VFA concentration were lower than corn stover. The best nutrient composition of corn grain was observed in early-harvest (high CP, EE, NDF, OM, NFC, and low ADF). Early-harvest of corn grain also had high effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM), effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF), effective degradability of acid detergent fiber (EDADF), and total VFA concentration. On the other hand, the best nutrient composition of stover was observed in mid-harvest (high DM, CP, NDF, and low ADF). EDDM, EDNDF, and EDADF were pronounced in early-harvest and mid-harvest of stover but the latter showed high total VFA concentration. Hence, early and mid-harvested corn stover and grain in a mountainous area preserved their nutrients, which led to the effective degradation of major nutrients and high VFA production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1387-1397
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of the current study was to find out the independent and interactive effects of prilled fat supplementation with protein on the production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes. Methods: Sixteen early lactating buffaloes (36.75±5.79 d in milk; mean±standard error) received 4 treatments in 4×4 Latin-square design according to 2×2 factorial arrangements. The dietary treatments were: i) low protein low fat, ii) low protein high fat, iii) high protein low fat, and iv) high protein high fat. The dietary treatments contained 2 protein (8.7% and 11.7% crude protein) and fat levels (2.6% and 4.6% ether extract) on a dry matter basis. Results: The yields of milk and fat increased with increasing protein and fat independently (p≤0.05). Energy-, protein-, and fat-corrected milk yields also increased with increasing protein and fat independently (p≤0.05). Increasing dietary protein increased the protein yield by 3.75% and lactose yield by 3.15% and increasing dietary fat supplies increased the fat contents by 3.93% (p≤0.05). Milk yield and fat-corrected milk to dry matter intake ratios were increased at high protein and high fat levels (p≤0.05). Milk nitrogen efficiency was unaffected by dietary fat (p>0.10), whereas it decreased with increasing protein supplies (p≤0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen and cholesterol were increased by increasing protein and fat levels, respectively (p≤0.05). The values of predicted methane production reduced with increasing dietary protein and fat. Conclusion: It is concluded that prilled fat and protein supplies increased milk and fat yield along with increased ratios of milk yield and fat-corrected milk yields to dry matter intake. However, no interaction was observed between prilled fat and protein supplementation for production parameters, body weight, body condition score and blood metabolites. Predicted methane production decreased with increasing protein and fat levels.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

유휴 논토양에 reed canarygrass를 재배하였을 때, 예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준의 차이가 연간 건물수량과 주요 영양성분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하여reed canarygrass의 잠재 생산성을 증대시키기 위한 경제적이고도 합리적인 예취빈도와 액상구비의 적정 시용수준을 추정하고자 하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 예취빈도별 연간 건물수량에 대한 예취번초의 상대수량은 3회와 4회 예치ㅜ구에서 3번초, 5회 예취구에서는 4번초에서 각각 42.2, 45.2 및 34.7%를 나타내어, 다름 예취번초에 비하여 가장 높은 상대수량을 나타내었다. 2. 무시용구의 연간 건물수량은 예취빈도에 따라서 6.8~8.0 tons/ha의 범위를 나타내었으며, 3회 예취구에서 가장 많은 연간 건물수량을 나타내었다. 3. 모든 예취구에서 액상구비의 시용수준이 증가함에 따라서 연간 건물수량은 증가하였다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서는 90kg N/ha/cut 수준의 연간 건물수량이 무시용구에 비하여 3.3ton, 그리고 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 30kg N/ha/cut 수준에서 무시용구보다 각각 1.7ton과 2.4ton/ha의 연간 건물수량이 증가하였다. 4. 조단백질 함량은 3회와 4회 예취구에서 90kg N/ha/cut, 그리고 5회 예취구에서는 120kg/ha/cut 수준에서 각각 12.01%, 15.00% 및 16.51%로 가장 높았으나, ADF 함량은 이들 수준에서 가장 낮았다. 5. 예취빈도별 평균 조단백질 함량은 3회, 4회 및 5회 예취구에서 각각 11.43, 13.53 및 15.53%로 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 그러나 ADF함량은 5회 예취구가 37.06%로 유의하게 낮았고 3회와 4glh 예취구에서는 각각 40.27과 40.53%를 나타내어 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 6. 건물 생산효율은 3회와 5회 예취구의 30kg N/ha/cut 수준에서 18.9kg와 15.7kg을 나타내어 가장 높았고, 4회 예취구에서는 90kg N/ha/cut 수준에서 16.3kg으로 가장 높았다. 전 질소량은 예취번초별로 3회 예취구에서는 90kg N/ha/cut수준에서 0.52kg, 4회와 5회 예취구에서는 30kg N/ha/cut수준에에서 각각 0.51kg과 0.43kg의 높은 전 질소량을 나타내었다. 7. 경제적 액상구비 시용수준의 범위는 3회 예취구에서 107.2~151.0kg N/ha/cut, 4회 예취구에서 359.1~375.7kg N/ha그리고 5회 예취구에서 160.3~236.9kg N/ha이었으며, 이 때 얻어지는 경제적 한계수량은 각각 9.6~10.0ton/ha, 12.4~12.6 ton/ha 및 9.0~9.7 ton/ha의 범위를 나타내었다. 8. 액상구비의 시용수준에 따른 액상구비의 한계시용수준은 3회 예취구에서 420.0kg/ha, 4회 예취구에서 440.6kg/ha, 그리고 5회 예취구에서 666.3kg/ha로 추정되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 1998

유휴논토양에서 reed canary grass를 재배하였을 때 액상구비의 단기간(3년간) 시용효과를 조사하였으 며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 예취빈도에서 1993년의 건물수량이 다른 재배년도보다 많았다. 2. 액상구비의 시용수준별 평균 건물수량은 3회 예취구의 360 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 13.10 ton $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구의 360~480 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 12.50~12.83 ton $ha^{-1}$ 5회 예취구의 450~600 kg $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 12.52~12.56 ton $ha^{-1}$로 유의하게 많았다. 3. 건물생산 효율(kg DM $kg^{-1}$ N)은 액상구비의 시용수준과 예취빈도가 높을수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 3회 예취구의 90 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 15.2 kg, 4회 예취구의 120 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 19.8 kg, 5회 예취구의 150 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 10.0 kg을 나 내어 건물생산 효율이 가장 높았다. 4. 예취번초별 상대수량은 3회 예취구의 2번초가 38.1%, 4회 예취구의 3번초가 41.8%, 5회 예취구의 4번초가 30.1%로 가장 높았다. 5. 액상구비의 경제적 시용수준의 범위는 연간 평균 3회 예취구에서 261.0~304.6 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 205.8~302.9 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 303.8~354.4 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$로 추정되었고 이때 얻어지는 한계수량은 3회 예취구에서 11.5~12.1 ton $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 10.4~11.5 ton $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 11.1~11.6 ton $ha^{-1}$으로 추정되었다. 6. 예취번초의 경제적 시용수준의 범위는 3회 예 취구에서 67.9~95.0 kg $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 14.3~119.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 50.9~125.2 kg $ha^{-1}$였다. 7. 건물수량에 대한 액상구비의 시용효과가 가장 높았던 예취빈도는 3회 예취구였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1994

본 연구는 점차 확대되어 가는 유휴지에 Orchardgrass를 재배하였을 때, 액상구비의 시용시기와 무기태 질소추가시비가 건물수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연간 ha 당 120kg의 질소에 해당하는 액상구비 ($30m^3/ha$)를 2회 분할 시용으로 연간 5.62~6.67 톤(평균 6.15 ton/ha) 의 건물수량을 얻어 무비구 및 인산과 칼리시용구 보다 0.60~1.65 및 0.16 톤의 증수를 보였다. 무기태 질소를 ha당 120kg 시비하였을 때 대조구에 대한 연간 상대건물수량은 142~146%를 나타낸 반면에, 액상구비의 시용으로는 무비구에 대한 상대건물수량이 112~133%를 기록하였다. 한편 질소시용에 따른 건물생산효율 (kg DM/kg N) 은 액상구비의 시용시에 5.0~13.8의 건물을 생산하였고, 동일한 양(120kg N/ha)의 무기태 질소수준에서는 21.3~23.1kg DM/kg N을 나타내었다. 본 실험의 조건에서 화학비료를 최소화하면서 Orchardgrass 의 잠재생산성을 증대시키기 위해서는 액상구비를 시용한 후 무기태 질소를 추가시비한 경우로서, 이때 무기태 질소의 경제적 시비수준은 119.4~133.3kg/ha의 범위였고 경제적 한계수량은 8.48~8.63ton/ha 를 얻었으며 한계시비수준은 202.8kg/ha 에서 8.98ton/ha 의 최대건물수량을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.941-948
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• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of elevated dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) on dry matter intake (DMI) and ruminal fermentation pattern in lactating dairy goats under tropical conditions. Methods: Ten dairy goats were divided into two groups of five animals each. The groups received diets at different DCAD levels, either a control diet (22.81 mEq/100 g dry matter [DM], DCAD-23) or a DCAD-39 diet (39.08 mEq/100 g DM, DCAD-39). After parturition, DMI and water intake were recorded daily. Ruminal fluid and urine were collected, and nutrient digestibility measurements were carried out at 8th weeks postpartum (PP-8). Blood samples were collected at PP-4 and PP-8 to measure plasma leptin. Results: Dry matter intake/body weight (DMI/BW) at PP-8 of the animals fed the DCAD-39 diet was significantly higher than those fed with DCAD-23 diet (p<0.05). Animals fed with DCAD-39 consumed more water than those fed DCAD-23 over 24 h, particularly at night (p<0.05). Ruminal pH, acetate concentration, and urinary allantoin excretion increased with the DCAD-39 diet, whereas ruminal butyrate concentration was lower with the DCAD-39 diet. On the other hand, other ruminal parameters, such as total volatile fatty acid concentration, propionate molar proportion and acetate/propionate average ratio, were not affected by increased DCAD supplementation. Apparent digestibility was improved by increased DCAD supplementation. Plasma leptin concentration was higher with DCAD supplementation. Conclusion: When feeding goats with DCAD-39 under tropical conditions, an increase in DMI was associated with improved apparent digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. An increase in plasma leptin concentration could not explain the effect of high DCAD on DMI.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of liming, manure application, and inoculation with Rhizobium on the early growth, nodulation, seedling establishment, winter survival, and forage yield and quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) at the Experimental Livestock Farm, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suweon in 1985 and 1986. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Seedling vigor and nodule formation of alfalfa at early stage were the best in the treatments of liminginoculation( L1) and liming-manure-inoculation(LM1). 2. Seedling establishment was not significantly affected by the treatments of liming, manure application, nodulation and the combination of these. 3. The LI and LMI treatments showed the highest winter survival of 94.3 and 83.5%, respectively, but the lowest winter su.rvival of 55.9 and 58.5% was found in no treatment(None) and inoculation( I ), respectively. 4. No differences in crude protein(CP1, acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents were found among the treatments. 5. There were significant differences in the total dry matter yield of alfalfa among the treatments. The total dry matter yields of 10,618, 11,830, 11,855 and 13,456 kg/ha from the treatments of L, LM, LI and LMI, respectively, were significantly higher than those of None, M and I treatments. 6. Based on the results of the experiment, it appears that the dry matter yield of alfalfa could be enhanced by the treatments of liming with Rhizobium inoculation and also liming, manure application and Rhizobium inoculation as a practical method.