• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.671-677
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 employees in social welfare facilities from January 5 to 30, 2015 by convenience sampling method. Except 25 incomplete answers, 215 data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 180. program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, health-related characteristics, whole body dryness and self-reported dry mouth. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by five point Likert scale, and a higher score indicated a lower quality of life. Results: The self-reported dry mouth in the employees in the social welfare facilities varied by the general health status, stress, oral health status and oral malodor. The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to the quality of life and the four subfactors including dryness of skin, eye, lip and nasal mucosa. The quality of life had the influence on the self-reported dry mouth, nasal mucosa dryness, eye dryness, and oral malodor in order. Conclusions: The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to whole body dryness and the quality of life. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs that prevent and manage the dry mouth and whole body dryness in the employees in the social welfare facilities.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1019-1038
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• 2016

The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in precast concrete segmental bridges (PCSBs) can minimize the superstructure geometry and reduce beam weight, which can accelerate the construction speed. Dry joints between the segments in PCSBs introduce discontinuity and require special attention in design and construction. Cracks in dry joints initiate more easily than those in epoxy joints in construction period or in service. Due to the higher rupture strength of HSC, the higher cracking resistance can be achieved. In this study, shear behavior of dry joints in PCSBs was investigated by experiments, especially focusing on cracking resistance and shear strength of HSC dry joints. It can be concluded that the use of HSC can improve the cracking resistance, shear strength, and ductility of monolithic, single-keyed and three-keyed specimens. The experimental results obtained from tests were compared with the AASHTO 2003 design provisions. The AASHTO 2003 provision underestimates the shear capacity of single-keyed dry joint C50 and C70 HSC specimens, underestimates the shear strength of three-keyed dry joint C70 HSC specimens, and overestimates the shear capacity of three-keyed dry joint C50 HSC specimens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Eighty-four Holstein cows were used to evaluate effects of feeding two diets that differed in dietary cation-anion difference (cationic; +28 or anionic; -138 mEq/kg DM) on prepartum and postpartum dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), serum Ca concentrations and on subsequent milk production and composition. Treatments were in a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement that included prepartum diet, dry period length (30 d dry, 30 d dry+estradiol cypionate (ECP), and 60 d dry), and prepartum and postpartum bST ($POSILAC^{(R)}$ 10.2 mg/d). No interaction of prepartum diet with dry period length or bST supplementation was detected for any measure evaluated either prepartum or postpartum. No significant effects of prepartum diet on prepartum DMI, BW or BCS were observed. Mean DMI during the first 28 d postpartum were similar for cows fed the cationic or anionic diets prepartum (25.5 vs. 26.1 kg/d). During postpartum wk 1 to 14, no differences in mean BW or BCS were detected due to prepartum diet fed but decreases for both groups were observed during the first 6 wk postpartum. No differences due to prepartum diet were observed for mean milk or 3.5% FCM yields or for milk composition during the first 10 wk of lactation. Similarly, mean milk yield of cows during the first 21 wk did not differ significantly due to prepartum diet fed (38.5 vs. 38.6 kg/d). Overall, cows fed the prepartum cationic or anionic diets had similar mean postpartum serum concentrations of Ca (9.34 vs. 9.35 mg/dl). Subsequent milk production, milk composition and concentrations of Ca did not differ. Importantly, the two prepartum diets were equally satisfactory in minimizing incidence of milk fever and in supporting initiation of lactation, irrespective of dry period length and supplemental ECP and bST.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2010

Denim is one of the most frequently used fabrics for blue jeans. After washing denim fabric frequently changes its size and color. Salespersons recommended that after purchasing blue jeans customers should dry clean them once before washing. The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree washing with a household washing machine and dry cleaning affected the dimensions and the color of denim fabric. The denim fabric shrank greatly after the first laundering in warp direction regardless of whether it had been dry-cleaned or not. However, it shrank little from the second to the tenth laundering and after each number of dry cleanings. The thickness of the denim changed in the same way as the shrinkage occurred when the number of launderings or dry-cleanings increased. Although the indigo came out of the denim into washing liquor, both of the $L^*$ values and the $b^*$ values of the laundered and the dry-cleaned denim fabrics were lower than those of the control fabric. Darkening of the fabric after washing attributed to the shrinkage in warp; specifically the deep-blue warp yarns more spaced on the fabric face and the back. The $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of the dry-cleaned fabric decreased less than those of the laundered. The value of $a^*$ increased much less than the other values. Staining of the white cotton fabric laundered with the denim fabrics became less as the number of launderings increased. The degree of staining from the dry-cleaned denim was much lower than that of the laundered fabric.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

Dry eye symptoms can occur by various environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eye symptom especially dry eye and sunblocks. Study subjects were total 30 (28 male, 2 female) and NIBUT, McMonnies dry eye questionnaire, subjective questionnaire were performed. NIBUT after rubbing sunblocks was decreased compared to that of not-rubbing. Sunblocks C showed the largest difference of NIBUT value and was chosen most uncomfortable sunblocks in subjective questionnaire. Half of the subjects (15) felt eyes discomfort after rubbing sunblocks and showed larger McMonnies dry eye questionnaire score than other subjects. The same result was founded about dry eye suspect criterion. Both showed borderline significant relation(p=0.049, p=0.051). This study suggested that sunblock could cause damage to the eyes and related to dry eye when rubbing sunblock around eyes. Because digital environmental factors could affect stimulus and modify the eyes, a convergence study will be required for additional research.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the cognitive degree of dry eyes in nursing students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires (cognitive degree of dry eyes, Standard Patients Evaluation of Eye Dryness [SPEED] questionnaire, and McMonnies questionnaire) from 233 nursing students of E university. Results: The mean scores for the cognitive degree of dry eyes, SPEED, and McMonnies were 21.43, 8.02, and 6.39, respectively. The cognitive degree of dry eyes was found to have a significantly positive correlation with McMonnies and SPEED scores. Additionally, the factors that influenced the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students were hours of using smart phones, McMonnies score, and the SPEED score. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that interventions need to developed and applied to reduce and control the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2008

Dry skin, called xerosis as medical term, is one of the most common skin problems. Many epidemiological studies show that the consumption of foods containing lycopene plays an important role in protecting the epithelial tissue. In this study, water extracts of tomato (WET) containing lycopene were fed and applied to evaluate the effects on dry skin induced by kitchen detergent in rats. These effects were identified by protein analysis and histological changes such as inflammatory erythematic skin as well as acanthosis. The visual scoring for skin observation showed the value such as 4 indicating fiery red with edema after detergent application to skin for 3 wk. However, WET feeding and application to skin showed the decreased values, from 0.7 to 1.0. In addition, it was noteworthy that the epidermis of dry skin show apparent acanthosis with abnormally accentuated keratinization and parakeratosis. However, acanthosis was reversed by feeding and application of WET to dry skin. In order to analyze the effects of WET on dry skin induced by detergent, protein analysis was carried out. The increased amount of protein in dry skin after WET feeding and application would be suggested as one of biochemical mechanisms for recovering the damaged skin. Thus, it would be recommended that water-extracted tomato is a new ingredient in skin regeneration from dry skin induced by detergent.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-425
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry with water on dry matter yields and feed values of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (7.36 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry (10.74~13.54 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 3rd growth, 2nd and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter at fertilizing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 12.42 tons per ha. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yields per year (11.96 ton DM/ha) were significantly higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium (7.52 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 32.7 and 13.4~26.9kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry. The contents of crude protein (CP, %), neutral detergent Eber (NDF, %), acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), annual yields of CP (kg/ha) and total digestible nutrient (TDNY, kg/ha) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application of diluted cattle Slurry than those at non-fertilizer application (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 2019

We investigated the relationship between morphological characteristics and individual dry weight to develop a method for estimating the individual dry weight of sheet form macroalgae: Ulva australis, Ulva linza, Pachymeniopsis lanceolata, and Pyropia yezoensis. In Total, 319 thalli of various sizes were collected at six sites from February 2017 to December 2018. An interspecific allometric exponent of 0.28 was found for length-biomass allometry in four sheet form macroalgae, corresponding to a 1/4-power law for primary producers. The relationships between surface area and individual dry weight, as well as between individual fresh weight and individual dry weight, were found to fit significantly using linear regression equations. This explained 94-99 % of individual dry weight, indicating that surface area and individual fresh weight can be used to accurately estimate individual dry weight. We propose the use of this method when experimental processes do not allow individual dry weight to be measured directly, so researchers can save both time and expense.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the changes in dry matter yield and growth characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to variations in sowing dates during the autumn season of 2021-22 in a dry paddy field of Chilbo-myeon, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do. Treatments comprised four sowing dates at 10-day intervals, i.e., October 8, October 18, October 28, and November 8, 2021. The winter survival rate of alfalfa showed a significant difference between different treatments but was at a satisfactory level for all (p<0.05). The winter survival rate for the fourth sowing date, a month later than the first sowing date, was approximately 11.7% lower than that for the first sowing date. The plant height ranged between 82.3-93.1 cm and 60.5-63.7 cm at the first and second harvest, respectively, smaller at the second harvest than at the first harvest. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa was the highest at 13,316 kg/ha for the first sowing date, and the later the sowing date, the lower the dry matter yield. The protein content of alfalfa ranged between 13.6-17.3% in the first harvest, lower than the standard alfalfa protein content of 20% or more. In relative feed value, the first sowing (Oct. 8) was the most significantly higher in the first harvest (p<0.05). These results suggest that the early and mid-October sowing dates are optimum for sowing alfalfa during autumn and result in improved plant growth, dry matter yield, protein content, and winter survival compared to those at later sowing dates. Therefore, dry paddy fields can be safely employed for alfalfa cultivation with sowing dates in early and mid-October during autumn.