• 제목/요약/키워드: drought effect

검색결과 238건 처리시간 0.022초

식물생장촉진 Bacillus sp. SB19 균주의 케일 처리에 대한 가뭄 스트레스 완화 효과 (Mitigation Effect of Drought Stress by Plant Growth-promoting Bacterium Bacillus sp. SB19 on Kale Seedlings in Greenhouse)

  • 김다연;이상엽;김정준;한지희
    • 한국유기농업학회지
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.833-847
    • /
    • 2016
  • 가뭄은 농작물의 생산성을 저해하는 주요 원인 중 하나이며, 잎을 먹는 쌈채류의 경우 물 부족 스트레스에 더 치명적일 수 있다. 본 연구는 케일 유묘에 대한 식물생육촉진 균주(PGPB)의 가뭄 내성 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 쌈채류의 토양 및 근권 토양으로부 터 형태학적으로 구분되는 146개의 콜로니를 분리하고 온실 생물검정을 통해 케일 생육촉진이 우수한 균주 SB19를 최종 선발하였다. SB19 균주는 케일 재배 토양으로부터 분리하였으며 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 분석 결과 Bacillus sp.로 확인되었다. Bacillus sp. SB19 균주를 처리한 케일에 7일 간 수분 부족 스트레스를 유도하고 7일째에 가뭄 피해 조사 후 모든 처리구에 1회 관수하였다. 이후 다시 7일 간 수분 부족 스트레스를 주어 14일째에 케일의 내건성 증진 여부를 조사하였다. 가뭄 조건 7일째에 $10^6$$10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ 농도의 SB19 균주를 처리한 케일에서 무처리와 비교하여 가뭄 스트레스 경감 효과를 보였다. 7일째에 모든 처리구에 관수 후 다시 가뭄 스트레스를 주었을 때에도 $10^6$$10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ 농도의 SB19 균주 처리구에서 무처리구와 비교하여 가뭄 피해 경감 효과가 있었으며, 7일째와 14일째 모두에서 $10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ 농도의 SB19 균주 처리구에서 가뭄 피해의 완화 정도가 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. $10^6cell\;mL^{-1}$ SB19 균주 처리구에서는 물 부족으로 인한 잎의 노화가 $10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ 농도 처리구에 비해 빠르게 발생하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 유용 미생물과 식물의 상호작용이 식물의 물 이용률을 증진시키는 중요한 역할을 하고 약한 가뭄 조건에서 쌈채류의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안이 될 수 있을 것이라고 예측한다. 즉, 미생물학적인 환경 스트레스 극복 방법으로서의 가치를 뒷받침하는 것이라 할 수 있다.

Analysis of drought in Northwestern Bangladesh using standardized precipitation index and its relation to Southern oscillation index

  • Nury, Ahmad Hasan;Hasan, Khairul
    • Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제21권1호
    • /
    • pp.58-68
    • /
    • 2016
  • The study explored droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the northwestern region of Bangladesh, which is the drought prone area. In order to assess the trend and variability of monthly rainfall, as well as 3-month scale SPI, non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) tests and continuous wavelet transform were used respectively. The effect of climatic parameters on the drought in this region was also evaluated using SPI, with the Southern Oscilation Index (SOI) by means of the wavelet coherence technique, a relatively new and powerful tool for describing processes. The MK test showed no statistically significant monthly rainfall trends in the selected stations, whereas the seasonal MK test showed a declining rainfall trend in Bogra, Ishurdi, Rangpur and Sayedpur stations respectively. Sen's slope of six stations also provided a decreasing rainfall trend. The trend of the SPI, as well as Sen's slope indicated an increasing dryness trend in this area. Dominant periodicity of 3-month scale SPI at 8 to 16 months, 16 to 32 months, and 32 to 64 months were observed in the study area. The outcomes from this study contribute to hydrologists to establish strategies, priorities and proper use of water resources.

H2O2 Pretreatment Modulates Growth and the Antioxidant Defense System of Drought-stressed Zoysiagrass and Kentucky Bluegrass

  • Bae, Eun-Ji;Han, Jeong-Ji;Choi, Su-Min;Lee, Kwang-Soo;Park, Yong-Bae;Lee, Geung-Joo
    • 원예과학기술지
    • /
    • 제34권3호
    • /
    • pp.383-395
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study investigated the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) on the antioxidant responses and growth of warm-season turfgrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and cool-season turfgrass (Poa pratensis L.) subjected to drought stress. Compared with control plants that were not pretreated with $H_2O_2$, plants pretreated with $H_2O_2$ had significantly greater fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and increased water content. $H_2O_2$ pretreatments before drought stress significantly decreased the concentrations of malondialdehyde and $H_2O_2$. DPPH radical scavenging and glutathione activities were significantly increased. The responsive activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase were also significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that exogenous $H_2O_2$ could improve the growth of warm-season and cool-season turfgrass under drought stress by increasing the activity of their antioxidant enzymes, while decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Evaluation of Economic Damage Caused by Drought in Central Region Vietnam: A Case Study of Phu Yen Province

  • Truong, Dinh Duc;Tri, Doan Quang
    • 자원환경지질
    • /
    • 제54권6호
    • /
    • pp.649-657
    • /
    • 2021
  • This paper aims to study the impact of natural disasters on per capita income in Vietnam both the short and long-term, specifically impact loss of income caused by the extreme drought 2013 for agriculture, forestry and fishery in Phu Yen Province, Central Vietnam. The study valued economic damage by applying the synthetic control method (SCM), which is a statistical method to evaluate the effect of an intervention (e.g. natural disasters) in different case studies. It estimates what would have happened to the treatment group if it had not received the treatment by constructing a weighted combination of control units (e.g. control provinces). The results showed that the 2013 drought caused a decrease in income per capita, mainly in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sector in Phu Yen. The reduced income was estimated to be VND 160,000 (1 USD = 23,500 VND (2021)) for one person per month, accounting for 11% of total income per capita and continued to affect the income 6 years later. Therefore, authorities need to invest in preventive solutions such as early and accurate warnings to help people to be more proactive in disaster prevention.

Environmental controls on growing-season sap flow density of Quercus serrata Thunb in a temperate deciduous forest of Korea

  • Laiju, Nahida;Otieno, Dennis;Jung, Eun-Young;Lee, Bo-Ra;Tenhunen, John;Lim, Jong-Hwan;Sung, Joo-Han;Kang, Sin-Kyu
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
    • /
    • 제35권3호
    • /
    • pp.213-225
    • /
    • 2012
  • Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) ($r^2$ = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) ($r^2$ = 0.98, P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH ($r^2$ = 0.25), as well as SA ($r^2$ = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.

단일 저수지의 위험도 평가기준을 고려한 가뭄대비 Hedging Rule 개발 (Development of Hedging Rule for Drought Management Policy Reflecting Risk Performance Criteria of Single Reservoir System)

  • 박명기;김재한;정관수
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
    • /
    • 제35권5호
    • /
    • pp.501-510
    • /
    • 2002
  • 가뭄상황 또는 가뭄이 임박한 상황에서의 저수지 운영은 수요관리개념(단계별 급수)에서의 운영률을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 저수지 갈수대응 차원에서 수문상황에 따른 단계별 방류량 감소를 고려할 수 있는 heding 효과를 고려한 단일 저수지 운영률 개발을 목표로 하였다. hedging 효과를 고려한 최적운영률 결정에는 혼합정수계획기법이 적용되었으며, 정식화단계에는 Shih 등(1994)의 hedging효과를 고려한 운영률을 개선하여 정식화 요소에 Hashimoto 등(1982)의 위험도 평가기준을 포함시켰다. 또한 hedging항의 비선형 해석을 수행하기 위하여 축차 선형계획기법을 도입ㆍ정식화에 적용하였다. 본 hedging운영률의 적용결과 대청다목적댐에 대하여 hedging 매개변수론 산정하였으며, 이를 통하여 각 월별 갈수대응 제한공급 시점 저수량(trigger volume)을 산정할 수 있었다.

기후변화 조건에서 콩 한발스트레스에 대한 광화학 반사 지수 반응 평가 (Evaluation of Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) Response to Soybean Drought stress under Climate Change Conditions)

  • 상완규;김준환;신평;백재경;이윤호;조정일;서명철
    • 한국농림기상학회지
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.261-268
    • /
    • 2019
  • 한발 발생이 갈수록 증가하고 있는 가운데, 작물의 생리생화학적 기작과 광합성능을 효율적으로 진단 및 평가 할 수 있는 방법을 찾는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구를 통해 광화학 반사 지수인 PRI가 콩의 한발 스트레스에 대하여 고온과 고CO2 등 미래 기후 변화 환경에서도 유의미한 생육 지표로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. PRI와 대표적 한발 생육지표들(군락 광이용효율, 건물중 변동율, 엽록소 형광, 기공전도도)과의 밀접한 관계를 통해 한발 스트레스 하에서 콩의 광합성 활성과 생장량을 원격으로 모니터링할수 있는 진단 모델 개발의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 다만 향후 고온, 고CO2 등 기후변화 조건에서 PRI의 성능에 대한 지속적인 평가와 함께 민감도 향상을 위한 광학지표 개발 및 모델 개선 연구가 선행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

용수부족지표를 이용한 다목적댐의 비상용수 공급 효과 분석 (Analysis of Emergency Water Supply Effects of Multipurpose Dams Using Water Shortage Index)

  • 이광만;이재응
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
    • /
    • 제45권11호
    • /
    • pp.1143-1156
    • /
    • 2012
  • 수자원 시스템의 중요한 기능 중 하나는 갈수 피해를 방지하는 것이다. 그러나 댐에 의한 용수공급계획은 이용 가능한 자료의 한계, 조사 자료의 부정확, 해석 방법의 부적합 그리고 기후변화 등의 요인에 의해 불확실성이 존재한다. 실제 운영과정에서는 이수안전도를 초과하는 이상가뭄 발생 시 용수부족이 발생하여 제한급수 등 정상적인 물이용이 불가능해진다. 그러나 우리나라는 가뭄에 의해 물부족이 발생할 경우 대체수원개발 등 딱히 마땅한 대처수단이 없으며, 갈수대책을 위한 수원확보도 미미한 실정이다. 특히 이상가뭄에 의한 피해정도를 고려하여 용수공급효과를 평가할 수 있는 기준이 마련되어 있지 못해 현실적인 대책을 마련하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 기 제시되어 있는 용수부족지표를 이용하여 기존 다목적댐의 저수(低水) 용량을 비상용수 공급원으로 활용하는 방안에 대하여 검토하였다. 기존 다목적댐의 유량자료를 이용하여 용수부족 사상을 분석하고 용수부족 감소효과를 평가하였다. 적용 결과 임하, 대청, 합천 및 남강댐의 경우 이상가뭄에 매우 취약한 것으로 나타났으며 가뭄대비용 비상용수의 추가 확보가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Direct Evidence of Endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) Genotype Effect on Growth and Vertical Transmission of Endophyte in Tall Fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) Under Water Stress

  • Ju, Ho-Jong
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.249-256
    • /
    • 2011
  • Tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) is resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses through a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium coenophialum. However, this endophyte has been considered detrimental since it produces toxic alkaloids to animals. It is vital to understand mutuality between these two to maximize positive impact of the endophyte on agri-ecosystem. Little research has been conducted on endophyte transmission mechanism in planta. To provide basic information related to endophyte transmission, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of endophyte genotype and water stress on endophyte transmission by imposing soil moisture deficits at different stages of panicle development. There was water stress effect on endophyte frequency but not on concentration, whereas endophyte genotype significantly influenced endophyte concentration in pseudostem of tall fescue at boot stage. Reproductive tillers showed greater endophyte frequency and concentration. Endophyte frequency in florets or seeds depended on position within panicle. There was no drought effect on endophyte concentration, but showed the effect of endophyte genotype on endophyte concentration in florets and seeds. Overall endophyte concentration in seeds was higher. From this study, we may conclude that although water stress reduced endophyte frequency in vegetative tiller, water stress does not have effect on endophyte transmission, suggesting that drought is not an important factor controlling the endophyte transmission from plant to seed. Endophyte genotype and seed position in a panicle affected endophyte transmission, indicating that these two factors are involved in endophyte transmission and may determine seed transmission of endophyte in tall fescue.

Physiological Responses of Calystegia soldanella under Drought Stress

  • Bae, Chae-Youn;Hwang, Jeong-Sook;Bae, Jeong-Jin;Choi, Sung-Chul;Lim, Sung-Hwan;Choi, Deok-Gyun;Kim, Jong-Guk;Choo, Yeon-Sik
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
    • /
    • 제36권4호
    • /
    • pp.255-265
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to determine the extent of drought resistance based on physiological responses of Calystegia soldanella under water deficit. In order to investigate the changes of plant growth, stomatal density, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, osmolality, total ion contents, the contents of carbohydrate and proline, C. soldanella was grown under well watered and drought stressed conditions for 12 days. In this study, water-deficit resulted in remarkable growth inhibition of C. soldanella. The effect of water-deficit on plant growth was associated with low osmotic potential of soil. On day 12 after drought treatment, dry weight, relative water contents, number and area of leaves and stem length were lower than those of control. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were significantly reduced in water stressed plant to regulate inner water contents and $CO_2$ exchange through the stomatal pore. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents were not different in comparison with the control, indicating that the efficiency of photosystem II was not affected by drought stress. This results could be explained that water-deficit in C. soldanella limits the photosynthetic rate and reduces the plant's ability to convert energy to biomass. A significant increase in total ion contents and osmolality was observed on day 7 and day 12. Accumulation of proline in leaves is associated with the osmotic adjustment in C. soldanella to soil water-deficit. Consequently, this increase in osmolality in water stressed plant can be a result in the increase of ion contents and proline.