• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between smoking, drinking and safety behavior in middle and high school students in one Korean province, North Cholla. Method: The study sample included 1,327 randomly selected middle and high school students from S-Gun area in Chonbuk Province. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2005). The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 15.0 program. Results: The smoking rate in the middle and high school students was 6.9%, and the drinking rate was 24.9%. The rate for seatbelt use was 49.3%, for drunk driving, 8.8%, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver, 24.0%. The rates for seatbelt use, for drunk driving, and for riding in a drunk driver were higher in smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers and non-drinkers(p<.05). Conclusion: The smoking and drinking status of the adolescents was correlated with their safety behavior practices as they relate to seatbelt use, drunk driving, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver. Therefore, an elementary school level program to curb student smoking and alcohol consumption is needed to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption in middle and high school students and contribute to improvement in their safety behavior practices.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.281-305
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationship between older driver's safe driving behavior, driving mobility(amount of driving, assessment for driving-related physical ability, confidence for adaptation in driving situation, amount of social activity) and subjective well-being(life satisfaction, positive/negative affect). The data of these variables were collected by questionnaire method based on face-to-face interview. The results can be summarized as followings. First, the older driver who reported higher scores in the self-report safe driving behavior questionnaire tended to show higher level of subjective well-being and driving-based mobility. Second, all the sub-factors in the driving-based mobility questionnaire were positively related to life satisfaction, positive affect but negatively related to negative affect except amount of driving. Finally, it was found that both confidence for adaptation in driving situation and amount of social activity positively mediated the relationship between self-report safe driving behavior and life satisfaction and positive affect, but confidence for adaptation in driving situation negatively mediated the relationship between self-report safe driving behavior and negative affect, Implication and suggestion were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2007

Objectives: Studies investigating problematic internet use have increased rapidly and have been focused on its causes, psychopathology, prevalence, characteristics and so on. However, there are few studies concerning the correlation between problematic internet use and youth health risk behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between problematic internet use and youth health risk behavior. Methods: A community sample of 632 high school students in grades 10 and 11 was collected for the survey. The sample was assessed using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System(YRBSS) and Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction(YDQ). The subjects were classified into two groups: normal and problematic internet use, and the problematic internet use group was further divided into at-risk use and addiction groups. Results: There were 56 subjects(8.9%) in the internet addiction group and 56 subjects(8.9%) in the at-risk internet use group. The other 507 subjects were classified as normal. The subjects in the internet addiction group kissed more frequently and ate less fruit than those in the normal group. They also showed a relatively higher tendency to watch TV, ride in a car driven by a drunk driver and to carry a weapon than those in the normal group. There were no differences in health risk behaviors between the subjects in the internet addiction group and those in the at-risk internet use group, except for the possibility of riding in a car driven by a drunk driver. Conclusion: Unlike the normal group, there was very little difference in health risk behavior between the internet addiction group and the at-risk internet use group, which indicates that the addiction group and the at-risk internet use groups are homogenous. It is important to focus on the behavior of individuals in the at-risk group, and preventive measures should be taken in order to reduce the possibility of at-risk adolescents becoming addicted.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic information for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudees: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factor. To take the analysis of data, the total of 187 drivers were investigated ambulance drivers in Gwangju Metropolitan City from 2002. 1. September to 2002. 20. September. The data were analyzed by the path analysis SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(58.4%) and undesirable attitude group(41.7%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that rist factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = -2.00 + 0.6 X1(Emotion Control) + 0.4 $X_2$(Speed control) + E). 3. Almost 92.1% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.487-505
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• 2009

We focused on the missing confirmation domain of the hasteful behavior. We tried to identify the variety of hasteful behavior and the effects of missing confirmation behavior domain of the hasteful behavior on driving behaviors. 388 drivers responded to Hasteful Behavior Questionnaire, Driver Behavior Questionnaire(DBQ), and Driving Experience Questions. Data which have missing values among them were removed, 374 data were analyzed. As a result of factor analysis, hasteful behavior consist of time pressure, uncomfortableness, isolation, boring condition, and expecting rewards, and the DBQ consist of violation, error, and lapse. The components of hasteful behavior was divided into the missing confirmation behavior and the need for achievement domain by the second factor analysis and difference verification of coefficient of correlation. The missing confirmation behavior domain of hasteful behavior had significant influence on error and lapse. The isolation of the missing confirmation behavior domain had a negative effect, and the uncomfortableness of the missing confirmation domain had a positive effect on violation. The time pressure had a negative effect, and the isolation and the uncomfortableness had a positive effect on error and lapse.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.431-446
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• 2009

This study was intended to validate and develop the driving stress coping behavior scale. In a preliminary investigation, literature studies on the driving stress and open questionnaire were administered and examined in four regions in Korea. As a result, 64 items driving stress questionnaire were developed. In the study, this Driving Stress Coping Behavior Scale(DS-CBS) was examined to 372 drivers located seven regions in Korea. The factors analysis revealed 2 meaningful factors[(Good Coping: GC), (Bad Coping: BC) with 24 items. When internal consistency for each 2 factor was calculated, all sub-scale revealed a satisfactory level of Cronbach's α. Also, correlations with Driver Coping Questionnaire(DCQ) and risk driving behaviors(speed driving, drunken driving, traffic violation, offence accident, defence accident) supported consistently validity of the Driving Stress Coping Behavior Scale(DS-CBS). Also, We investigated the influences of 'Good Coping', 'Bad Coping' consisting of driving stress coping behavior, on traffic accidents risk. As a result, 'Good Coping' and 'Bad Coping' influenced traffic accidents risk. 'Good Coping' had decreased effects, the other side 'Bad Coping' had increased effects on traffic accidents risk(TARI).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.757-766
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the usage effects of an augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) system on the risk perception and psychological changes of drivers. To do so, we conducted an experiment to collect the driver response times for vehicles and pedestrians as their risk perception behavior, and used a driving behavior determinants questionnaire consisting of Problem Evading, Benefits/Sensation Seeking, Anti-Personal Anxiety, Anti-Personal Angry, and Aggression factors for collecting the psychological characteristics of the drivers. Thirty drivers were randomly assigned into an in-vehicle AR-HUD using group and a control group. As a result, the Anti-Personal Anxiety and Anti-Personal Angry factors were negatively correlated with the response time for the control group. In contrast, these results were not shown for the in-vehicle AR-HUD system using group. These results indicate that the in-vehicle AR-HUD system may partially induce a relaxation of tension or stress for drivers with a high level of interpersonal anxiety. Therefore, the in-vehicle AR-HUD system might contribute to not only the visual safety driving behaviors of drivers, but also to their psychological driving safety with specific characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.100-111
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• 1997

This is the first Korea study to evaluate the effects od the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic informaion for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major insturment of this study were Krean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudes : driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle conditions, the use of drugs, high-risk behaviors, and human factors. To take the analysis of data, the total of 350 divers were investigated ambulance divers and others in Taejon City and others (6 City) from 1996. 1. July to 1996. 31. July. The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the logistic regression - path analysis - with SPSS and SAS package program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(16.2%) and undesirable attitude group(17.6%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accidents much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving < Y(Accdient) = -2.64 + 0.57 $X_1$ (Emotion Control) + 0.30 $X_2$(Seed control) + E > and motor traffic acident much affected with emotion control and high-risk behavior on safety driving < Y(Accident) = -1.11 + 0.33 $X_1$(Emotion Control) + 0.29 $X_2$(High-risk Behvior) + E > 4. The primary emphassis of ambulance drivers was make us realized that improthatnt factors on safety ambulance driving were 1)making way for emergent ambulance, 2)driver's career, 3)The ability of emergency medical technics, and the knowledge or under standing of ambulance way difficut(or easy) of accdess. 5. Almost 96.6% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers. 6. Almost 94.6% of respondents have consented to necessity of emergtency medical technicians for ambulance driving. 7. It have suggested that the proportion of traffic accident proportion by desitable attitude group(16.7%) was much less than that of undesirable attitude group(30.8%) on safety ambulance driving(P < 0.05)/Ps) Accidents are unplanned, unforesen incidents which can lead to harmful or unfortunate outcomes, Collisons are not accidents, since the basic cause of the majority of collisons invovles high-risk human behavior. Although there are many factors which contribute to accident causation, four basic factors seem to predominate in most traffic related situations. These four factors include: the human factor, the vehicle factor, the environmental factors and destination factor(Peto G. et al. 1995).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find taxi drivers' smoking behavior, self-efficacy and expectation level of success in smoking cessation. It will provide useful information for developing nursing interventions in health promotion programs. Method: The subjects of this study were 271 taxi drivers in Seoul and its metropolitan area. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire asking smoking history, smoking behaviors, health problem, stages of change for smoking cessation, self-efficacy and the expectation level of success in smoking cessation. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Cronbach's a. Results: Of the taxi drivers, 83.8% were current smokers. Stages of change were as follows: 45.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 26.2% in the contemplation stage, 13.7% in the maintenance stage, 12.2% in the preparation stage and 1.5% in the action stage. In addition. 20.3% of the subjects reported health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and respiratory disease. The expectation level of success in smoking cessation was positively related with self-efficacy. There were statistically significant differences in the expectation level of success in smoking cessation according to the number of cigarettes per day and nicotine dependency. In addition. there were statistically significant differences in self-efficacy according to the number of cigarettes per day, duration of smoking (years) and nicotine dependency. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that taxi drivers' health problems and smoking rate were serious. Therefore more systematic health promotion programs for smoking cessation should be developed and executed by health care specialists at individual taxi companies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-197
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• 2011

This study aimed to expand and reconstruct the Driving Behavior Determinants' factors in order to confirm the relationship between Driving Behavior Determinants(DBD) and drivers' reckless driving behavior level. To expand the structure of DBD, drivers anger, introversion and type A characteristics were added, which were never considered as related factors in existing DBD studies before. The correlations between the new factors of DBD and reckless driving behavior(includes driver's personal records of driving experiences for the last three years) were verified. A factor analysis result showed us that new DBD questionnaire consists of five factors such as, 'Problem Evading', 'Benefits/Sensation Seeking', 'Anti-personal Anxiety', 'Anti-personal Anger', and 'Aggression'. Also, reckless driving behavior consists of 'Speeding', 'Inexperienced Coping', 'Wild Driving', 'Drunken Driving', and 'Distraction'. The result of correlation between the DBD and reckless driving behavior indicates that inappropriate level of DBD is highly correlated with dangerous driving behavior and strong possibilities of traffic accidents. Based on these results, we might be able to discriminate drivers according to DBD level and predict their reckless driving behavior through a standardization procedure. Futhermore, this will make us to provide drivers differentiated safety education service.