• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a community-based health promotion program for elders. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group experimental design. The participants were 415 elders who were above 65 years of age (mean age: 80.7, experimental group: 126, control group: 289). For 4 months, the health promotion project which consisted of health education and activity related to smoking, drinking, nutrition and exercise was given to the experimental group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test with the SAS V8e program. Result: After the intervention, the experimental group showed a higher level of health promotion behavior compared to the control group in health education experience, exercise, smoking, and drinking. There were no differences between the experimental and control groups for nutrition, or high risk drinking and smoking. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the health promoting program for elders provides useful information in developing effective community-based programs and can be recommended as effective interventions to improve the health promoting behavior of elders.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this survey was to investigate the health status (food intake, exercise, smoking, drinking, stress, social support) of North Korean Refugees in Gwangju metropolitan city and Jeonnam province. Method : Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 61 North Korean Refugees from March 20 to April 20, 2005. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS win 12.0 programs. Results: In current health status, 42.7% of the subjects were in poor health. In exercise status, 32.8% of the subjects practiced exercise regular basis but only 13.1% did it 3-4 times per week. In smoking status, 26.2% of the subjects were current smokers and 81% were nicotine dependent. In drinking status, 37.7% of the subjects were current drinkers, 48% were problematic and 17% were alcohol dependent. In stress status, 42.7% of the subjects were in psycho-emotional, 49.2% in physical and 19.6% in behavioral stress. The mean score of social support was 24 out of 54 points showing a little low relatively. Conclusion : These findings showed that the health conditions of Saeteomins were poor relatively. Therefore, health care programs should be started for these Saeteomins in order to improve their health status.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of job-related characteristics on alcohol consumption among female workers. The Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 female workers by a stratified proportional quota sampling method derived from those who were working in Seoul. Drinking behavior pattern includes total amount of pure alcohol consumed during the last month (AC) measured by graduated quantity-frequency. Job-related characteristics (JRC) were measured by job-related stress, work characteristics, and organizational structure including length of working hours, number of times dining out together with workers per year, number of staff to supervise, employment status, occupational category, and proportion of female workers to male counterpart. Confounding variables include sociodemogrphic and socio-cultural attitudes toward alcohol expectancy, subjective norm of drinking, and gender-role attitude. Hierarchical multiple regression models show that the variability of AC was accounted for by some JRC including number of times dining together and employment status, with confounding variables held constant. However, the relationship between AC and JRC varied across occupational categories. Some implications were discussed in terms of health policy for female workers and further study for female drinking behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

To identify and evaluate the benzidine-DNA adducts in liver and bladder, we exposed the 80 ppm benzidine to 40 sprague-dawley rats by drinking water for 4 weeks(6.2 mg/kg body wt./day). Only one benzidine-DNA adduct was found at the same site of thin layer chromatogram of $^{32}$ P-postlabeling method in the liver and bladder of exposed rats. So we know the DNA adduct formed at liver and bladder were similar to each other, which was N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N'-acetylbenzidine. Relative adduct labeling(RAL) of DNA adduct was similar to each other for 1 and 2 weeks, but that in liver was significantly higher than in bladder for 3 and 4 weeks. RAL$\times$10$^{9}$ of DNA adduct were 84.45$\pm$11.31 and 152.8$\pm$5.53 in liver, and were 24.76$\pm$7.06 and 38.00$\pm$10.57 in bladder for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Regression equation between liver and bladder was Y=-3.801+2.507 X(r=0.6036, p<0.01). In conclusion, benzidine-DNA adduct formed in liver was significantly higher than that in bladder, with the similar compound structure in sparague-dewley rates treated benzidine in drinking water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern and perception of food consumption, mass restaurant use, drinking style, and food purchasing factors by cohort groups i. e., World Cup(W) generation, baby boom, and silent generation. Data were collected from 412 respondents including three generations by questionnaire method in April through May 2002. Analysis of variance and chi-square results indicate that there were significant differences among three generation groups for the pattern and perception of food consumption, the use of mass restaurant, preferred drinking style, and influencing factors for food purchasing. W generation are more likely to be influenced by sensibility factor than baby boom and silent generation. Considering food preference pattern, baby boom as well as silent generation prefer green vegetables than meats, and they must have Kimche when having meals. Similarities and differences in perceptional pattern types are discussed, and future implications for food and nutrition specialists and food marketers are provided.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to explore the prevalence of alcohol experiences and to identify the expectancy on the effects of alcohol and alcohol knowledge in early adolescents. Method: The cross-sectional survey of 1854 students from seven middle schools in one district of Seoul was conducted by convenience sampling. Alcohol experience and early onset of alcohol use were measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Alcohol expectancy was measured by an Alcohol Effects Questionnaire. Result: Over sixty five percent of adolescents reported that they had previous drinking experiences. The participants with no alcohol drinking experience had a lower level of alcohol knowledge than those with experience(t=2.73, p=.007). In expectancy on effects of alcohol, girls had a more positive alcohol expectation than boys(t=-2.54, p=.011). Alcohol knowledge negatively correlated with alcohol expectancy(r=-.40 p=.000). In regression of alcohol expectancy, gender and alcohol knowledge were significant predictors explaining 17%. Conclusion: The results support that alcohol expectancy is an important link with early drinking experiences and alcohol knowledge, focusing on the importance of gender differences. Therefore, an alcohol prevention program in early adolescence is needed and should be focused on multidimensionality of the alcohol expectancy with developmental and psychosocial factors for early adolescents.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate stress-related factors. Method: The subjects were 22,937 persons who had received health examination by Korean Medicine and submitted questionnaires for 8 months from March to November in 2011. The stress was measured by heart rate variability in an automobile manufacturing industry. We analyzed the relationship between stress and other factors including ages, smoke amount, drinking frequency, exercise frequency, occupational category, conjugal condition by multivariate analysis with SPSS ver. 19.0. Results: Comparing "normal" to "very bad" and "bad" level of stress, ages, drinking frequency, conjugal condition are not significant difference(p>0.05). But smoking amount and occupational category are significant difference(p<0.05). Whereas comparing "normal" to "very good" and "good" level of stress, ages, occupational category, conjugal condition, smoking amount, drinking frequency are not significant difference(p>0.05). Exercise is significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that smoke is affected to stress negatively, whereas exercise is affected to stress positively.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the factors influencing alcohol consuming behavior of the female university students to provide the basic data for a nursing intervention program to improve health and prohibit of alcohol consuming behavior. Method: The subjects were 134 female university students, studying at K university and K educational university in Chungnam province from April 1 to 20, 2002. The instruments were the alcohol consuming behavior scale, that is drinking intensity score, and alcohol problem developed by Shin(1998), refusal self-efficacy scale by Aas et. al.(1995), alcohol expectancy by Goldman at. al.(1989), TPQ scale by Cloninger(1991), depression scale modified by Shin(1977) using Zung(1965)' tool, family cohesion scale by Olson at. al.(1983). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, canonical correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The most powerful predictor of alcohol consuming behavior was influence of friends-drinking(21.0％). A combination of economic status(8.0％), and personality of novelty seeking(3.0％), accounted for 32.0％ of the variance in alcohol consuming behavior. Conclusion: I recommended that economic status, influence of friends drinking frequently, and personality of novelty seeking were contained of the developing nursing intervention program for decreasing the alcohol consuming behavior in female university students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2000

Chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant in drinking-water systems throughout the world. Chlorine residual was used as an indicator for prediction of water quality in water distribution systems. The variation of chlorine residual in drinking water distribution systems of Suwon city was simulated using EPANET. EPANET is a computerized simulation model which predicts the dynamic hydraulic and water quality behavior within a water distribution system operating over an extended time period. Sampling and analysis were performed to calibrated the computer model in 1999 (Aug. Summer). Water quality variables used in simulations are temperature, roughness coefficient, pipe diameter, pipe length, water demand, velocity and so on. Extended water residence time affected water quality due to the extended reaction time in some areas. All area showed the higher concentration of chlorine residual than 0.2mg/l(standard). So it can be concluded that any area in Suwon city is not in biological regrowth problem. Rechlorination turned out to be an useful method for uniform concentration of free chlorine residual in distribution system. The cost of disinfectant could be saved remarkably by cutting down the initial chlorine concentration to the level which guarantees minimum concentration (0.2mg/l) throughout the distribution system.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative importance among various biological and environmental factors on refractive errors. Various factors such as diseases, health related behavior such as drinking, smoking and exercise, as well as dietary factors were considered as a possible determinant. Surveys of 492 residents over 20 years of age in Kuri city were conducted during 1998. The survey included a refractive error test adopting a autokerato-refractometer, dietary survey using a 24 hour recall method, disease survey including blood and other diagnosis tests, and a health behavior survey using questionnaires with variables of smoking, drinking, and exercise. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyse the relative importance among independent variables of health behaviors, disease, and dietary factors on ametropias. As a result, in the case of myopia, liver dysfunction appeared to be the most important factors followed by the health related behavior of smoking and exercise as the second most important factors. Nutrient factors such as carotene and protein appeared to be the third most important factors. Similar results had been shown in the case of the hyperopia. In summary, liver dysfunction and the health related behaviors of drinking and smoking appeared to be more influential factors on abnormal eye sight of myopia and hyperopia than dietary factors.