• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.712-719
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• 2010

This study was carries out to analyzed the antioxidant activities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of extracts from jujube to provide basic data for the development of functional materials. Antioxidative activities of extracts from jujube were analyzed by electron donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity by pyrogallol and nitrite scavenging ability. Extract yields from jujube fruits were 11.55% for unripe fruits, and about twice that value when ripe fruit extracts were prepared. The yields of hot-water and ethanol extracts was 55.67 and 65.95% in dried fruits, respectively. Total phenol contents were higher in unripe fruit extracts. The EDA values of hot-water and ethanol extracts from jujube fruits were increased by increase of extract concentration, and were about 90% in 10.0 mg/mL of extract concentration. The SOD-like activity was increased by the increase of extract concentrations. The SOD-like activity of the hot-water extract from unripe fruits was higher than that of other extracts. The SOD-like activity of ethanol extracts was 39.92% at 10 mg/ml of extract concentration from unripe fruits. The nitrite scavenging ability was about 50% in 1.0 mg/ml of extract concentration at pH 1.2, and that of extracts from unripe fruits was higher than that of other extracts. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of hot-water and ethanol extracts from unripe fruits were higher than those of other extracts, were increased by concentration of extracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2014

Gugija (Lycii chinese Miller) is traditionally consumed as a Chinese medicinal material in food, tea, or alcoholic beverages. Gugija has beneficial healthy components, but it produces an off-flavor during storage. This study compared the flavor components of fresh-dried Gugija and stale-dried Gugija. The flavor compounds in one fresh sample (sample 1) and one stale sample (sample 2) were extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction method. The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-five compounds, including 17 aldehydes, 8 alcohols, 6 terpene compounds, 4 esters, 3 ketones, and 3 pyrazines, were isolated in sample 1. Thirty-four compounds, including 12 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 5 terpene compounds, 2 esters, 3 ketones, 3 pyrazines, and 1 acid, were isolated in sample 2. The main aroma components of sample 1 were 2-methyl butanal, 2-methyl propanol having sweet odor, and hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenol having grass odor, and phenyl acetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol having floral odor, and alkyl pyrazines having nutty odor. These compounds were decreased in sample 2, and several compounds containing isovaleric acid, which has a disagreeable, rancid-cheese odor were found newley.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.539-543
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• 2015

A hardy kiwifruit is a good source of phenolics and antioxidants. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of hot air drying at three different temperatures (35, 50, and $70^{\circ}C$) for 24 h on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity of hardy kiwifruits of Actinidia arguta ${\times}$ A. deliciosa cv. Mansoo. Dried kiwifruit extracts were produced using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol under homogenization. Hot air drying lowered the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and decreased the antioxidant capacity in the dried kiwifruits compared with their fresh counterparts. The results also revealed high positive linear correlations of antioxidant capacity with total phenolic and flavonoid contents, indicating that phenolics are the major contributors to antioxidant capacity. Our results suggested that an optimal drying process must be determined for industrial application in order to obtain dried kiwifruits with increased antioxidant capacity for consumers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2010

This research was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee and fruit products in Korea. A total of 388 coffee and fruit product samples were collected from retail or outlet markets; 177 samples were coffee and 211 were fruits or their products. Analytical methods including AOAC and Comit$\acute{e}$ Europ$\acute{e}$en de Normalisation (CEN) were selected and modified by method validation to detect and quantify the OTA in samples. All samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. OTA was detected in 3.9% of 177 kinds of coffee and 0% of 211 kinds of fruit products. The levels of OTA were $0.7-4.6\;{\mu}g/kg$ in green coffee, $0.3-4.8\;{\mu}g/kg$ in roasted coffee, $1.4\;{\mu}g/kg$ in mixed coffee, and $0.4-0.6\;{\mu}g/kg$ in instant coffee. However, OTA was not detected in liquid coffee, dried fruits, or grape juice. OTA levels of all samples detected were less than the European Union legislation of $5.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ in coffee, $10.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ in raisins and $2.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ in grape juice. Therefore, the risk of OTA in coffee and fruit products in Korea is relatively low at safe levels.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2013

In order to examine the availability of color developing for prepared persimmon extract powder dyes, purified and freeze-dried powder from immature persimmon fruit. The cotton fabrics dyed with 1% concentration of powder dyes. This study was conducted to examine into the color developing effects of the powder dye for the dyed cotton fabrics irradiated with xenon light. Powder dye is difficult to dissolve in water resulting in a colloidal and viscous solution. The problem of solubility in water was resolved by setting the dyeing conditions by wetting the dye with alcohol in advance and dissolving in warm water($50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$). Samples had no alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes showed high color developing effect(${\Delta}E^*$, K/S). Samples showed decreased ${\Delta}E^*$, K/S with increased alkaline conversion in making process of powder dyes. Samples that had alkaline effects displayed easy early color developing to be advantageous in the process of natural pattern in art work.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1841-1851
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• 2019

Garcinol, a well-known medicinal phytochemical, was extracted and isolated from the dried fruit rinds of Garcinia quaesita Pierre. In this study, garcinol has successfully used to reduce silver ions to silver in order to synthesize garcinol-capped silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs). The formation and the structure of G-AgNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of garcinol and G-AgNPs were investigated by well diffusion assays, broth micro-dilution assays and time-kill kinetics studies against five microbial species, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The formation of G-AgNPs is a promising novel approach to enhancing the biological activeness of silver nanoparticles, and to increase the water solubility of garcinol which creates a broad range of therapeutic applications.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1990

Koryo(918-1352) made a certain progress in her culture and agriculture except the latter part of the era when the development in social economy were retarded due to military dictatorship and Mongol invasion. Despite of these external conditions, cultivations and kinds of horticulture foods were expanded With the help Of many king's agriculture first policy and the advancement in cultivating method . Among the horticulture foods, fruits such as peach, plum, Japanese apricot, apricot, cherry, pear, persimmon, pomegranate, crab apple, Jujube, grape, Chinese quince, walnut, orange, yuzu, chestnut, ginkgo nut(silvernut), pine nut, nutmeg nut, and fiat were crowed, and vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, turnip, radish, garlic, welsh onion, gynmigit, scallion, taro, malva, cucumber, white gourd, bottle gourd, water melon, eggplant, Japanese ginger, ginger and litchi were cultivated, while semi, water shieled and bamboo sprouts were taken in natural. Fruits were taken in natural or through dry, and particularly grapes were used to make wine, Flowers of Japanese apricots, some fruit trees, and chrysanthemum were also made into wine. Certain fruits were used as medicine owing to its medicinal nature. Vegetables were used to make Kimchi or to boil soup, sometimes they were dried to be kept in storage to be used in rare season and also used as medicine Increase in kinds of horticulture foods does not have any direct relation with the reform of social economy, but the fact that so many kinds of horticulture foods were cultivated and used in Koryo era shows that they elevated people's life and dietary culture.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2004

Triphala churna is a widely used herbal formulation that contains equal proportion of dried fruit powder of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia belirica. In the Indian system of medicine, it is used in cleaning wounds, urinary disorders, diabetes mellitus, leprosy, constipation, eyesight promotion, piles, and as a rejuvenator. In the present study, the methanolic extract of 5 commercial Triphala was evaluated for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging method, total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and gallic acid equivalents (GAE) by high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. All extracts exhibited antioxidant activity significantly. The $IC_{50}$ of the extracts ranged between $7.16\;to\;12.96\;{\mu}g/ml$. The total phenolic content of the extracts was found to be 195.3-296.4 mg of GAE/gm of GAE/gm dw. The HPTLC chromatographic data reveal that the content of GAE present in the extract was found to be $7.17-4.11\;{\mu}g/ml$. The study reveals that out of the churnas analysed, C was found to exhibit the most potent antioxidant activity. A clear correlation between $IC_{50}$ and content of GAE nor the total phenolic content could be observed. The study reveals that the consumption of Triphala would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of its antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2000

The possible mechanism of the DNA strand breaking activity of the hot-water extract of Fructus Chaenomelis (dried fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis) in a closed circular duplex replica form DNA (RFI DNA) was studied through agarose gel electrophresis under various conditions. Induction of DNA strand scission by the hot-water extract of C. sinensis occurred in dose and time-dependent manners. $Cu^{2+}$ was indispensable for the induction of DNA strand breakage. Exogeneous chelating agents inhibited the DNA breaking activity, conforming the catalytic action of $Cu^{2+}$ on generation of free radicals responsible for oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzymes and some radical scavengers were used to investigate the major radical species triggering the DNA strand scission, demonstrating that a highest inhibitory activity was found in the presence of catalase, while less in the presence of tiron (a scavenger for superoxide radical), 2-aminoethyl-isothiuroniumbromide-HBr, cysteamine (scavengers for hydroxyl radical), and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (a scavenger for singlet oxygen) in decreasing order. The findings implied that oxygen radical species generated in presence of transition divalent cation during the oxidation of some compounds contained in the hot-water extract of C. sinensis is mainly responsible for inducing genotoxicity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Cordyceps, one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines, consists of the dried fungus C. sinensis growing on the larva of caterpillar. It is commonly used as a tonic of restoring vital body functions. In order to evaluate the pharmacological effects of C. militaris, the anti-oxidation and antiaging effect of cultured C. militaris growing on pupa of silkworm Bombyx mori, were investigated. The results showed! that the contents of lipofusin in myocardium were reduced and the SOD activity in the liver were elevated in a dose-dependent manner while no effect was observed for blood GSH-Px activity and liver MDA content in mice perfused with the cultured C. militaris compared to those untreated mice. Furthermore, the average life span, maximum life span and 50% death time of the fruit flies treated with cultured C. militaris were markedly prolonged. The results suggest that the cultured C. militaris growing on pupa of silkworm possesses anti-oxidation and delay senescence activity.