• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2009

수면보다 높은 사각기둥 저항체가 등간격으로 배치되어 있는 경우의 상당저항계수 식의 횡방향에 따른 항력상호작용계수를 연구하여 제안하였다. 저항체의 횡방향 이격거리에 따른 에너지 손실이 오리피스의 공극률에 따른 에너지 손실과 동일하다고 가정하고 오리피스의 에너지 손실계수를 차용하여 횡방향 항력상호작용계수를 제안하였다. 이 항력상호작용계수를 사용하는 상당저항계수 식을 김 등(2008)에 의해 사용된 수리조건에 대해 그 해석능력이 검증된 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 수치실험한 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과가 잘 일치하였고 이로부터 바닥마찰뿐만 아니라 수면보다 높은 정방형 다열기둥의 종방향 및 횡방향 이격거리에 따라 변화되는 저항정도를 고려할 수 있는 제안된 상당저항계수 식의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1770-1779
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• 1992

The present study investigated dynamically and thermally interacting droplets in a closely spaced tandem array. By measuring the velocity and diameter of the droplet traveling along the isothermal vertical plate drag coefficients and vaporization rates of droplets at certain location were obtained. During the experiment initial droplet spacings were less than 5, and initial droplet diameters were ranged between 280 .mu.m and 700 .mu.m Drag coefficients on closely spaced droplets were placed far below the standard drag coefficient, for which it was caused turbulence induced from aforelocating droplets also narrow spaces among droplets restricted heat transfer to droplets from hot gas flow. In addition evaporated vapor entrapted between droplets was major factor in delaying droplet vaporization. With the experimental results the drag coefficient was correlated with respect to Reynolds number for the droplet as follows : $c_{D}$ =2.4/Red.$^{0.37}$

• 세라미스트
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

Coulomb drag is an effective probe into interlayer interaction between two electron systems in close proximity. For example, it can be a measure of momentum, phonon, or energy transfer between the two systems. The most exotic phenomenon would be when bosonic indirect excitons (electron-hole pairs) are formed in double layer systems where electrons and holes are populated in the opposite layers. In this review, we present various drag phenomena observed in different double layer electron systems, e.g. GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures and two-dimensional material based heterostructures. In particular, we address the different behavior of Coulomb drag depending on its origin such as momentum or energy transfer between the two layers and exciton condensation. We also discuss why it is difficult to achieve electron-hole pairs in double layer electron systems in equilibrium.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2013

In this study, the capability of an existing analysis method for the fluid-structure-soil interaction of an offshore wind turbine is expanded to account for the geometric nonlinearity and sea water drag force. The geometric stiffness is derived to take care of the large displacement due to the deformation of the tower structure and the rotation of the footing foundation utilizing linearized stability analysis theory. Linearizing the term in Morison's equation concerning the drag force, its effects are considered. The developed analysis method is applied to the earthquake response analysis of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine. Parameters which can influence dynamic behaviors of the system are identified and their significance are examined.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2011

The initial unfolding motion simulation of a sub-munition with drag ribbon for precision guidance and reliable operation has been investigated by analyzing its unsteady aerodynamic load and fluid structure interaction. The effects of change in the ribbon configuration and flow angle are numerically studied using a commercial software "XFLOW" based on Lattice-Boltzmann Method. It is shown that the motion is affect adversely by the separation bubble formed posterior part of the fuselage. The rolling moment for arming of the sub-munition is increased with angle of attack and rotational movement.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.397-400
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• 2006

In this study, we experimentally investigate the possibility of skin-friction drag reduction by series of transverse cavities in a turbulent boundary layer flow. The effects of cavity depth (d), cavity length (l) and cavity spacing (s) on the skin friction drag are examined in the range of $Re_{\theta}\;=\;4030\;{\sim}\;7360$, $d/{\theta}_0\;=\;0.13\;{\sim}1.03$, l/d = 1 ~ 4 and s/d = 5 ~ 20. We perform experiments for twenty different cavity geometries and directly measure total drag force using in-house force measurement system. In most cases, the skin friction drag is increased. At several cases, however, small drag reduction is obtained. The variation of the skin ftiction drag is more sensitive to the cavity length than to the cavity depth or cavity spacing, and drag is reduced at $s/l\;{\geq}\;10$ and $l/{\theta}_0\;{\leq}\;0.26$ irrespective of the cavity depth. At $l/\bar{\theta}_0\;=\;0.13$ and s/l = 10, maximum 2% drag reduction is achieved. When the skin friction drag is reduced, there is little interaction between the flows inside and outside cavity, and the flow changed by the cavity is rapidly recovered at the following crest. A stable vortex is formed inside a cavity in the case of drag reduction. This vortex generates negative skin friction drag at the cavity bottom wall. Although there is form drag due to the cavity itself, total drag is reduced due to the negative skin friction drag.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

The orientation and deformation of polymer chains in a confined channel flow has been investigated. The polymer chain was modeled as a Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic (FENE) dumbbell. The Brownian configuration field method was extended to take the interaction between the flow and local chain dynamics into account. Drag and Brownian forces were treated as anisotropic in order to reflect the influence of the wall in the confined flow. Both Poiseuille flow and 4 : 1 contraction flow were considered. Of particular interest was molecular tumbling of polymer chains near the wall. It was strongly influenced by anisotropic drag and high shear close to the wall. We discussed the mechanism of this particular behavior in terms of the governing forces. The dumbbell configuration was determined not only by the wall interaction but also by the flow type of the geometric origin. The effect of extensional flow on dumbbell configuration was also discussed by comparing with the Poiseuille flow.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

Three dimensional, compressible, mass weighted averaging of Favre, Navier-Stokes system with k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence, is numerically discretized to compute three dimensional multiple jet interaction flow fields for a hybrid projectile containing three rocket motors in the ogive section. Numerical flow field computations have been made for angled nose jets and rockets at supersonic speed using multiblock structured grid. The jet conditions include very high jet to free stream pressure ratio and high temperature. It is shown that the strength of nozzle stagnation pressure affects the flow field near the side nozzle and the high stagnation pressure increases total amount of drag by a few percent. However, minor drag loss due to the pressure drag might be fully overcomed by an additional axial thrust. The results of present study can be applied for the design of future hybrid projectile.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.831-838
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• 2016

최근 해안공학분야에서 식생을 활용하는 연안방재시스템에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 쓰나미-식생 비선형 상호작용에 의한 파동장과 유동장을 해석하기 위하여 식생항력에 따른 에너지소산을 직접 해석할 수 있는 3차원 수치파동수조를 기존의 3-D N-S solver (LES-WASS-3D ver. 2.0, HYMO-WASS-3D)를 토대로 개발하였다. 그리고 기존의 실험결과와 비교 및 검토를 통한 수치파동수조의 적용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 레이놀즈수에 따라 능동적으로 추정되는 항력계수를 고려한 경우가 평균 항력계수를 적용한 경우보다 실험에서 얻어진 각 지점의 시간파형을 잘 재현하였다. 또한 식생밀도 및 입사파고에 따라 계산된 고립파의 전달률이 실험의 측정값과 높은 일치도를 나타내었다. 이로써 본 연구에서 식생에 의한 항력으로서 동적항력계수를 적용한 3차원 수치파동수조의 타당성 및 유효성을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1993

Incompressible, unsteady flow around various single rectangular cylinders of side ratios ranging from 0.005 to 2.0 immersed in uniform flow is computed by the vortex tracing me thod. Results with and without a splitter plate pttached to the rear center of the cylinder are compared. The objective of this study is to investigate predictability of the effects of the splitter plate on drag by the method. Without the splitter plate, computed drag coefficients for cylinders of large side ratios are in good agreement with measured values, but are over predicted for those of small side ratios. With the splitter plate, drag coefficient is reduced significantly due to suppression of vortex growing near the base and interaction between the separated shear layers.