• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2002

The breakup characteristics of liquid sheets formed by like-doublet injector were investigated in the cold-flow and atmospheric ambient pressure condition. The sheet breakup wavelength, which induces the sheet to be broken into ligaments, as well as the sheet breakup length, which is important for the flame location, was measured using a stroboscopic light. The liquid ligaments are formed intermittently after the breakup of sheet, and the wavelength of ligaments has been believed to have a relation to the combustion instability of liquid rocket engine. Therefore, the wavelength of ligaments and the breakup length of ligaments into fine drops were also measured. Since these spray characteristics are affected by the flow characteristics of two liquid jets before they impinge on each other, we focused on the effects of orifice internal flow such as the cavitation phenomenon that occurs inside the sharp-edged orifice. From the experimental results, we found that the liquid jet turbulence delays the sheet breakup and makes shorter wavelengths for both sheets and ligaments. Since the turbulent strength of sharp-edged orifice is stronger than that of round-edged orifice, the shape of orifice entrance results in large differences in the spray characteristics. Using these results, we proposed empirical models on the spray characteristics of the like-doublet injector, and these models are believed to provide some useful and actual data for designing liquid rocket combustors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.255-270
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• 2022

This manuscript illustrates the dynamic response of nanoscale carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in an elastic media under moving load using doublet mechanics theory, which not considered before. CNTs are modelled by Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and a bottom to up modelling nano-mechanics is simulated by doublet mechanics theory to capture the size effect of CNTs. To explore the influence of the CNTs configurations on the dynamic behaviour, both armchair and zigzag configurations are considered. The governing equations of motion and the associated boundary conditions are obtained using the Hamiltonian principle. The Navier solution methodology is applied to obtain the solutions for both orientations. Free vibration and forced response under moving loads are considered. The accuracy of the developed procedure is verified by comparing the obtained results with available previous algorithms and good agreement is observed. Parametric studies are conducted to demonstrate effects of doublet length scale, CNTs configurations, moving load velocities as well as the elastic media parameters on the dynamic behaviours of CNTs. The developed procedure is supportive in the design and manufacturing of MEMS/NEMS made from CNTs.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.8
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• pp.31-35
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• 1988

To predict the airloads on helicopter rotors in hover, the doublet panel method of the first order is applied. For this simulation, the rotor blade is divided into many panels both in spanwise and in chordwise direction, and Kocurek-Tangler's prescribed wake with roll-up process is taken for determing wake geometry and then represented by vortex lattice. To abtain more physically realistic calculation of induced velocity, the vortex core model is adopted and the compressibility effect is considered by Karman-Tsien rule.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

The mixing of propellant and its mass distribution of unlike-doublet impinging injector, which is known to affect the combustion efficiency significantly, have been studied using PLIF(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence). The results show that fuel jet penetrates considerably into the oxidizer jet at impinging point as variation of momentum ratio. and then stream flows inclined because of variation of momentum ratio. Consequently, the mixing efficiency shows that maximum efficiency is at MR=3. after MR=3, mining efficiency decreases slightly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 여러 가지 비행 모드 상의 로터 성능을 효율적으로 예측하는 것이다. 헬리콥터의 공력 특성을 예측하기 위한 비정상 source-doublet 패널 기법 기반의 수치 기법을 개발하였다. 후류의 형상 예측에는 시간 전진 자유후류모델이 사용되었다. 점성에 의한 확산을 고려한 후류의 roll-up 모사를 위하여 후류의 doublet 패널은 같은 강도의 와류고리로 대체하여 계산하였다. 후류와 양력면의 충돌 문제는 표면격자 내부에 들어간 와류고리의 포텐셜값을 제거하여 해결하였다. 제자리비행의 해석 시에 나타나는 와류 불안정성의 해결에는 slow starting과 vortex core growth 모델을 사용하였다. 로터 공력 해석 프로그램은 제자리비행과 전진비행에 대한 실험 결과와 비교하여 검증하였으며, 실험치와 일치하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.367-376
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• 2022

In this study, a steady and unsteady aerodynamic analysis program using a 3-dimensional subsonic unstructured panel method is developed and verified. Surfaces of bodies are modeled with the source and doublet distributions on triangular or quadrilateral panels. Geometry modeling of complex geometries and multi-body, therefore, can be easily accomplished. The Kelvin theory and the unsteady Kutta condition allow the doublet strength of the wake panels determined for unsteady flows. Various steady and unsteady flows in two and three dimensions are computed and compared with the analytical and the published computational results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

A single near-field sounde source bearing and ranging method based on a independent doublet array is proposed. In the common case of bearing estimation method, unform linear array or uniform circular array are used. It is constrained retaining aperture because of array structure to estimate the distance of the sound source. Recent using independent doublet array sound source's bearing and distance esmtimation method is proposed by wide aperture. It is limited to the case doublets are located on a straight line. In this paper, we generalize the case and estimate the localization of a sound source in the various array structure. The proposed algorithm was verified performance through simulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2018

Background: Although targeted therapy and immuno-oncology have shifted the treatment paradigm for lung cancer, platinum-based combination is still the standard of care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pemetrexed continuation maintenance therapy has been approved and increasingly used for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. However, the efficacy of this strategy has not been proven in patients without driving mutations. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical benefit of pemetrexed continuation maintenance to conventional platinum-based doublet in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-negative lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 114 patients with EGFR-negative lung adenocarcinoma who were treated with platinum doublet were retrospectively enrolled. We compared the survival rates between patients received pemetrexed maintenance after four-cycled pemetrexed/cisplatin and those received at least four-cycled platinum doublet without maintenance chemotherapy as a first-line treatment. Results: Forty-one patients received pemetrexed maintenance and 73 received conventional platinum doublet. Median progression-free survival (PFS), which was defined as the time from the day of response evaluation after four cycles of chemotherapy to disease progression or death, was significantly higher in the pemetrexed maintenance group compared to conventional group (5.8 months vs. 2.2 months, p<0.001). Median overall survival showed an increasing trend in the pemetrexed maintenance group (22.3 months vs. 16.1 months, p=0.098). Multivariate analyses showed that pemetrexed maintenance chemotherapy was associated with better PFS (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.87). Conclusion: Compared to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy, premetrexed continuation maintenance treatment is associated with better clinical outcome for the patients with EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.64-76
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• 2002

기존의 이론적 연구와 실험적 연구를 바탕으로 충돌 제트의 수치 모델을 개발하였다. 본 모델은 like-doublet 충돌제트로부터 생성되는 액적의 모든 특성을 액막이 분열되는 시점에서 결정한다. 액적 특성을 결정하기 위해 이론적 연구로부터 얻어진 액막 두께, 액주의 직경, 액적 크기와 실험적 연구로부터 얻어진 액막/액적 속도, 액막 분열 거리, 분열 주파수, 액적 질량 유량 분포를 이용하였다. 액적의 질량 유량 분포는 Laplace 분포로부터 표준 편차를 이용하여 모사하였다. 또한 실험 결과를 이용하여 액막 분열 거리, 분열 주기, 표준 편차에 대한 경험식을 유도하였다. 개발된 모델은 정성적인 분무 패턴뿐만 아니라 정량적인 SMD 및 질량 유량 분포에서 실험 결과와 잘 일치한다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

This paper presents a new method for designing a lens system stable against chromatic variation at a specified wavelength. Conventional lenses are corrected for chromatic aberration, but the new method suppresses chromatic changes of the marginal ray in the image-side. By doing so, paraxial properties of the lens system are stabilized against chromatic variation. Since the new method is based on paraxial ray tracing, the stabilizing conditions against chromatic variation are given by recurrence formulas. However, there is an analytic solution for the case of a cemented doublet in the air. A stable doublet at 405 nm wavelength is designed and analyzed.