• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2017

Purpose: Following tooth extraction, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) can maintain the dimensions of ridge height and width. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effects of ARP, few if any studies have investigated the compressive force applied during grafting. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different compressive forces on the graft materials during ARP. Methods: After tooth extraction, sockets were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% porcine collagen and covered by a resorbable collagen membrane in a double-layered fashion. The graft materials were compressed using a force of 5 N in the test group (n=12) and a force of 30 N in the control group (n=12). A hidden X suture was performed to secure the graft without primary closure. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after grafting and 4 months later, just before implant surgery. Tissue samples were retrieved using a trephine bur from the grafted sites during implant surgery for histologic and histomorphometric evaluations. Periotest values (PTVs) were measured to assess the initial stability of the dental implants. Results: Four patients dropped out from the control group and 20 patients finished the study. Both groups healed without any complications. The CBCT measurements showed that the ridge volume was comparably preserved vertically and horizontally in both groups (P>0.05). Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the ratio of new bone formation was significantly greater in the test group (P<0.05). The PTVs showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The application of a greater compressive force on biomaterials during ARP significantly enhanced new bone formation while preserving the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the alveolar ridge. Further studies are required to identity the optimal compressive force for ARP.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

본 논문은 시공단계에서 가설지주 설치를 요구하지 않는 역삼각 트러스 거더로 보강된 새로운 합성 데크플레이트 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 기존 시스템 대비 증가된 강성과 강도를 보유할 뿐 아니라 절대 층고 변화를 최소 수준으로 낮출 수 있으며 기존의 H형강 및 U형 합성보와 같은 다양한 형태의 합성보 부재와 함께 사용될 수 있다. 제안된 시스템의 시공단계 하중에 대한 구조적 성능을 평가하기 위해 5.5m의 스팬을 갖는 5개의 시험체를 제작하여 현장 조건과 유사한 재하하중을 단계적으로 적용시켜 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과로부터 각 시험체 별 하중-변위 그래프를 구해 비선형 3차원 유한요소해석결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 보강 트러스 거더와 데크플레이트 사이에 효율적인 하중 분배가 이루어져 두 구조요소가 잘 일체화되었을 뿐 아니라 시공단계 하중에서의 최대 처짐이 건축구조기준의 제한치를 하회하여 사용성 조건을 잘 만족시킴을 알 수 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2013

Considering the wind power system and the rotor blades which are composed of much technology, the wind power blade would be the most dangerous part because it revolves at high speed and weighs about dozens of tons, if the accident happens. Therefore, the light weight composite materials have been replacing as substitutional materials. The object of this study is to examine the delamination and damage for CFRP/GFRP hybrid composite that is used for strength improvement of a wind power blade. The influence of the initial crack length and fiber orientation for the interlaminar delamination was exposed for the blade safety. Plain woven CFRP instead of GFRP was inserted into the layer of the box spar for improving the strength and blade life. DCB(Double Cantilever Beam) specimen was used for evaluating fracture toughness and damage evaluation of interlaminar delamination. The material used in the experiment is a commercial material known as CF 3327 EPC in plain woven carbon prepreg(Hankuk Carbon Co.) and UD glass fiber prepreg(Hyundai Fiber Co.). From the results, crack growth rate is not so different according to the variation of the initial crack length. Mode I interlamainar fracture toughness of fiber direction $0^{\circ}$ is higher than that of $45^{\circ}$. Interlaminar fracture has an effect on fiber direction and K decreased with lower value according to increasing initial crack length. Also energy release rate fracture toughness was evaluated because CFRP/GFRP hybrid composite with a different thickness is under the mixed mode loading condition. The interlaminar fracture was almost governed by mode I fracture even though the mixed mode.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.22.1-22.9
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• 2018

Objectives: To evaluate and compare light-transmittance in dental tissues and dental composite restorations using the incremental double-layer technique with varying layer thickness. Materials and Methods: B1-colored natural teeth slabs were compared to dental restoration build-ups with A2D and B1E-colored nanofilled, supra-nanofilled, microfilled, and microhybrid composites. The enamel layer varied from 0.3, 0.5, or 1.2 mm thick, and the dentin layer was varied to provide a standardized 3.7 mm overall sample thickness (n = 10). All increments were light-cured to $16J/cm^2$ with a multi-wave LED (Valo, Ultradent). Using a spectrophotometer, the samples were irradiated by an RGB laser beam. A voltmeter recorded the light output signal to calculate the light-transmittance through the specimens. The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey's test (p = 0.05). Results: Mean light-transmittance observed at thicker final layers of enamel were significantly lower than those observed at thinner final layers. Within 1.2 mm final enamel resin layer (FERL) thickness, all composites were similar to the dental tissues, with exception of the nanofilled composite. However, within 0.5 mm FERL thickness, only the suprananofilled composite showed no difference from the dental tissues. Within 0.3 mm FERL thickness, none of the composites were similar to the dental tissues. Conclusions: The supra-nanofilled composite had the most similar light-transmittance pattern when compared to the natural teeth. However, for other composites, thicker FERL have a greater chance to match the light-transmittance of natural dental tissues.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1969

Chine형선(型船)의 선체진동(船體振動) 또는 운동(運動)의 해석(解析)에 필요(必要)한 부가질량계산(附加質量計算)에 기여(寄與)할 목적(目的)으로 등각사상법(等角寫像法)의 응용(應用), 즉(卽) 실선(實船)과 유사(類似)한 단면형상(斷面形狀)을 주는 2경수근(徑數群) 사상함수(寫像函數)를 얻어 이를 이용(利用)하여 동단면(同斷面)의 주상체(柱狀體)에 대(對)하여 이상유체(理想流體)의 자유수면(自由水面)에서의 상하(上下) 및 수평진동(水平振動)에 대(對)한 부가질량(附加質量)을 계통적(系統的)으로 계산(計算)했으며, 동계산결과(同計算結果)를 상하진동(上下振動)에 대(對)하여서는 Lewis form 주상체(柱狀體) 및 직선요소단면주상체(直線要素斷面柱狀體)에 대(對)한 이론적(理論的) 계산결과(計算結果)와 그리고 수평진동(水平振動)에 대(對)해서는 Lewis form 주상체(柱狀體)에 대(對)한 것과 비교고찰(比較考察)하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2018

The complex dose distribution and dose transfer characteristics of intensity-modulated radiotherapy increase the importance of precise beam data measurement and review in the acceptance inspection and preparation stages. In this study, we propose a process map for the introduction and installation of high-precision radiotherapy devices and present items and guidelines for risk management at the acceptance test procedure (ATP) and commissioning stages. Based on the ATP of the Varian and Elekta linear accelerators, the ATP items were checked step by step and compared with the quality assurance (QA) test items of the AAPM TG-142 described for the medical accelerator QA. Based on the commissioning procedure, dose quality control protocol, and mechanical quality control protocol presented at international conferences, step-by-step check items and commissioning guidelines were derived. The risk management items at each stage were (1) 21 ionization chamber performance test items and 9 electrometer, cable, and connector inspection items related to the dosimetry system; (2) 34 mechanical and dose-checking items during ATP, 22 multileaf collimator (MLC) items, and 36 imaging system items; and (3) 28 items in the measurement preparation stage and 32 items in the measurement stage after commissioning. Because the items presented in these guidelines are limited in terms of special treatment, items and practitioners can be modified to reflect the clinical needs of the institution. During the system installation, it is recommended that at least two clinically qualified medical physicists (CQMP) perform a double check in compliance with the two-person rule. We expect that this result will be useful as a radiation safety management tool that can prevent radiation accidents at each stage during the introduction of radiotherapy and the system installation process.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2019

A new secret-key-sharing cryptosystem using optical phase-shifting digital holography is proposed. The proposed secret-key-sharing algorithm is based on the Diffie-Hellman key-exchange protocol, which is modified to an optical cipher system implemented by a two-step quadrature phase-shifting digital holographic encryption method using orthogonal polarization. Two unknown users' private keys are encrypted by two-step phase-shifting digital holography and are changed into three digital-hologram ciphers, which are stored by computer and are opened to a public communication network for secret-key-sharing. Two-step phase-shifting digital holograms are acquired by applying a phase step of 0 or ${\pi}/2$ in the reference beam's path. The encrypted digital hologram in the optical setup is a Fourier-transform hologram, and is recorded on CCDs with 256 quantized gray-level intensities. The digital hologram shows an analog-type noise-like randomized cipher with a two-dimensional array, which has a stronger security level than conventional electronic cryptography, due to the complexity of optical encryption, and protects against the possibility of a replay attack. Decryption with three encrypted digital holograms generates the same shared secret key for each user. Schematically, the proposed optical configuration has the advantage of producing a kind of double-key encryption, which can enhance security strength compared to the conventional Diffie-Hellman key-exchange protocol. Another advantage of the proposed secret-key-sharing cryptosystem is that it is free to change each user's private key in generating the public keys at any time. The proposed method is very effective cryptography when applied to a secret-key-exchange cryptosystem with high security strength.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 소형 X-밴드 이중편파 레이더의 수평반사도 (ZH), 차등반사도(ZDR), 교차상관계수(ρHV)의 RHI(range height indicator) 연직단면과 PPI (plan position indicator)의 고도각 경사거리(slant range) 빔의 프로파일 분석을 통하여 밝은 띠(bright band, BB)의 특성을 탐색하였다. 분석 결과, X-밴드 레이더의 이중편파 변수들을 이용하여 밝은 띠 영역을 명확히 탐지할 수 있었으며, 동시간대의 RHI 및 PPI 관측 자료를 이용한 이중적인 밝은 띠 영역을 탐색하여 그 결과가 일치함을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 현업에서 RHI 관측없이 PPI 볼륨관측만 수행하는 대형 강우레이더에도 본 연구의 PPI 고도각 경사거리에 의한 BB 탐색 방법을 적용함으로써 QPE (quantification of precipitation estimation)의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권4A호
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• pp.445-449
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• 1999

We studied the properties of the InAs epitaxial layers grown of (100)-oriented GaAs ($2^{\circ}$tilted toward[011]) by molecular beam epitaxy. From DCX (double-crystal x0ray), the better crystal quality was shown in InAs epitaxial layers on about 2500$\AA$ GaAs epitaxial layers on GaAs, we obtained the high mobility of InAs epitaxy in As/In BEP ratio (1.2~2.0) from Hall effect measurement. The electron mobility increased as electron concentration increases, until Si cell temperature $960^{\circ}C$$(N_D=2.21\times10^{-17}\textrm{cm}^{-3})$. The mobility decreases as the Si cell temperature increases, at the temperature over $960^{\circ}C$. We obtained the high mobility (1.10$\times$104cm2/V.s) at Si electron concentration of $N_D=2.21\times10^{-17}\textrm{cm}^{-3}$.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2023

The maximum drifts are important to the seismic evaluation of steel buildings and connections, but the information can hardly be obtained from the post-earthquake field investigation. This research studies the feasibility of using the loss rate of bolt pretension as an earthquake damage predictor. Full-scale tests were made on four steel connections using bolted-web-welded-flange details. One connection was unreinforced (UN), another was reinforced with double shear plates (DS), and the other two used reduced beam sections (RBS). The preinstalled strain gauges were used to control the pretensions and monitor the losses of the high-strength bolts. The results showed that the loss rate of bolt pretension was highly related to the damage of the connections. The pretensions lost up to 10% in all the connections at the yield drifts of 0.5% to 1%. After yielding of the connections, the pretensions lost significantly until fracture occurred. The UN and DS connections failed with a maximum drift of 4 %, and the two RBS connections showed better ductility and failed with a maximum drift of 6%. Under the far-field-type loading protocol, the loss rate grew to 60%. On the contrary, the rate for the specimen under near-fault-type loading protocol was about 40%. The loss rate of bolt pretension is therefore recommended to use as an earthquake damage predictor. Additionally, the 10% and 40% loss rates are recommended to predict the limit states of connection yielding and maximum strength, respectively, and to define the performance levels of serviceability and life-safety for the buildings.