• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

장류에서 식중독 미생물인 Bacillus cereus의 계수 방법상 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, B. cereus 선택 배지인 mannitol-egg york-polymyxin B (MYP)에서 자란 약 1,500개의 집락들을 형태적 차이에 따라 12종으로 분류하였다. 생화학 특성 및 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 집락 주위로 환을 형성하는 직경 11~16 mm 크기의 집락들은 B. cereus 와 B. cereus subsp. cytotoxis로 동정되었고, 환을 형성하지 않아 B. cereus 계수에 포함시키지 않았던 직경 5 mm 크기의 분홍색 집락은 B. cereus로, 6.5 mm 크기의 이중환을 형성하여 B. cereus로 계수하기가 모호하였던 붉은색 집락은 B. cereus로 동정되었다. 나머지 세 종들은 Enterococcus sp., Brevibacillus sp., B. subtilis로 밝혀졌다. B. cereus로 동정된 9종 모두에서 적어도 한 종류 이상의 B. cereus 독소 유전자들을 함유하고 있었지만 다른 형태들에서는 발견되지 않았다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1999

Reovirus was found to inhabit both the respiratory and the enteric tract of human and animals. The genome of reovirus comprises 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, total size 24 kbp. Nine strains of reovirus were isolated from human and field mice in Korea. Aseptically collected sera from human and lung tissues from field mice were used for virus isolation. For serotype determination, hemagglutination inhibition test was used, and three strains were confirmed to type 2 and six strains to type 3. To determine the genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of reoviruses isolated in Korea, part of S4 genomic segment of reovirus was enzymatically amplified and directly sequenced. In nucleotide level, Apo98-35 strain showed 15.4%, 19.3%, and 14.4% differences compared to type 1 (T1L, Lang), type 2 (T2J), and type 3 reference strains, respectively. In amino acid level, Apo98-35 strain showed 10.5%, 13.7%, and 9.5% differences compared to type 1, type 2, and type 3 reference strains, respectively. Using the maximum parsimony method based on 285 bp spaning region of the S4 genomic segment, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Apo98-35 from Korea formed different phylogenetic branch. Our data obtained by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of reoviruses are consistent with the distinct geographically dependent evolution of reoviruses in Korea.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.154-154
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• 2012

Flexible complementary inverters based on thin-film transistors (TFTs) are important because they have low power consumption and high voltage gain compared to single type circuits. We have manufactured flexible complementary inverters using pentacene and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) for the p-channel and n-channel, respectively. The circuits were fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrate. Firstly, a thin poly-4-vinyl phenol (PVP) layer was spin coated on PI substrate to make a smooth surface with rms surface roughness of 0.3 nm, which was required to grow high quality IGZO layers. Then, Ni gate electrode was deposited on the PVP layer by e-beam evaporator. 400-nm-thick PVP and 20-nm-thick ALD Al2O3 dielectric was deposited in sequence as a double gate dielectric layer for high flexibility and low leakage current. Then, IGZO and pentacene semiconductor layers were deposited by rf sputter and thermal evaporator, respectively, using shadow masks. Finally, Al and Au source/drain electrodes of 70 nm were respectively deposited on each semiconductor layer using shadow masks by thermal evaporator. The characteristics of TFTs and inverters were evaluated at different bending radii. The applied strain led to change in voltage transfer characteristics of complementary inverters as well as source-drain saturation current, field effect mobility and threshold voltage of TFTs. The switching threshold voltage of fabricated inverters was decreased with increasing bending radius, which is related to change in parameters of TFTs. Throughout the bending experiments, relationship between circuit performance and TFT characteristics under mechanical deformation could be elucidated.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.479-479
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• 2011

Flexible inverters based on complementary thin-film transistor (CTFTs) are important because they have low power consumption and other advantages over single type TFT inverters. In addition, integrated CTFTs in flexible electronic circuits on low-cost, large area and mechanically flexible substrates have potentials in various applications such as radio-frequency identification tags (RFIDs), sensors, and backplanes for flexible displays. In this work, we introduce flexible complementary inverters using pentacene and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) for the p-channel and n-channel, respectively. The CTFTs were fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrate. Firstly, a thin poly-4-vinyl phenol (PVP) layer was spin coated on PI substrate to make a smooth surface with rms surface roughness of 0.3 nm, which was required to grow high quality IGZO layers. Then, Ni gate electrode was deposited on the PVP layer by e-beam evaporator. 400-nm-thick PVP and 20-nm-thick ALD Al2O3 dielectric was deposited in sequence as a double gate dielectric layer for high flexibility and low leakage current. Then, IGZO and pentacene semiconductor layers were deposited by rf sputter and thermal evaporator, respectively, using shadow masks. Finally, Al and Au source/drain electrodes of 70 nm were respectively deposited on each semiconductor layer using shadow masks by thermal evaporator. Basic electrical characteristics of individual transistors and the whole CTFTs were measured by a semiconductor parameter analyzer (HP4145B, Agilent Technologies) at room temperature in the dark. Performance of those devices then was measured under static and dynamic mechanical deformation. Effects of cyclic bending were also examined. The voltage transfer characteristics (Vout- Vin) and voltage gain (-dVout/dVin) of flexible inverter circuit were analyzed and the effects of mechanical bending will be discussed in detail.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1503-1509
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• 2014

With the purpose of facilitating the process of stable strain generation, a shuttle vector for integration of genes via a double recombination event into two ectopic sites on the Sulfolobus acidocaldarius chromosome was constructed. The novel chromosomal integration and expression vector pINEX contains a pyrE gene from S. solfataricus P2 ($pyrE_{sso}$) as an auxotrophic selection marker, a multiple cloning site with histidine tag, the internal sequences of malE and malG for homologous recombination, and the entire region of pGEM-T vector, except for the multiple cloning region, for propagation in E. coli. For stable expression of the target gene, an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase-producing strain of S. acidocaldarius was generated employing this vector. The malA gene (saci_1160) encoding an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase from S. acidocaldarius fused with the glutamate dehydrogenase ($gdhA_{saci}$) promoter and leader sequence was ligated to pINEX to generate pINEX_malA. Using the "pop-in" and "pop-out" method, the malA gene was inserted into the genome of MR31 and correct insertion was verified by colony PCR and sequencing. This strain was grown in YT medium without uracil and purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was confirmed by the hydrolysis of $pNP{\alpha}G$. The pINEX vector should be applicable in delineating gene functions in this organism.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

Few studies address the use of manual muscle stretching to improve spinal active range of motion(AROM). There is evidence that' Hold-Relax'(HR) is effective for increasing ROM in the extremities, which leads the researchers to anticipate similar benefits in the spine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HR(trunk flexors) and active thoracic flexion and extension on thoracic mobility, specifically flexion and extension in healthy individuals. A convenience sample of 30 physical therapy students(22-38 years) were randomly assigned to intervention sequence 'A-B' or 'B-A', with at least 7 days between interventions. Intervention' A' consisted of HR of the ventral trunk musculature while 'B' consisted of thoracic flexion-extension AROM. Thoracic flexion and extension AROM were measured before and after each intervention using the double inclinometer method. Paired t-tests were used to compare AROM pre and post-intervention for both groups, and to test for carry-over and learning effects. There was a statistically significant increase(mean=$3^{\circ}$ ; p=0.006) in thoracic extension following HR of the trunk flexors. There were no significant changes in thoracic flexion following HR, or in flexion or extension following the AROM intervention. No carryover or learning effects were identified. HR may be an effective tool for improving AROM in the thoracic spine in pain free individuals. Further investigation is warranted with symptomatic populations and to define the minimal clinical difference(MCD) for thoracic spine mobility.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

The seoul Metropolitan Government has announced a program of the realization of a Korean garden named 'Seoul Park' in Paris 'Jardin d'Acclimatation' in June, 2000. The program for 'Seoul Park' in Paris has double objectives which aims celebrating the 10th anniversary of the establishment of sisterhood relationship between Seoul and paris and to promote the mutual cooperation and the amity between the two metropolitan cities. The purpose of this study is focusing on the issues on the setting procedure of characteristics of the 'Seoul Park', type of the Park, and design realization of expression of Korean identity, and the cultural consolidation between parks in Korean and French. The Seoul Park will be constructed on the shore of a lake of the Jardin d'Acclimatation, and the size of the area is 4,675㎡. In July, a design competition for the preparation of a schematic plan of the Seoul Park was held in Seoul. In this competition, the author won with a scheme which proposed a Korean Garden as expression of "between" two cultures which is fitted into the French environment. Although, the Seoul Park in Paris is a small Korean garden, its significance would be emphasized in terms of that it represents the adaptation of a Korean culture to the French territory. Throughout the winning entry, we could recognized hat the author defines Korean garden as 'time device', and 'Seoul Park' as 'Situation' which is the consolidation of the cultures between korea and France. And also the author pursued Korean garden as a net type of 'sequence of the event'. In this paper, we have discussed the concept and the schematic plan of the winning entry. focusing on following issues: Definition of the garden; Form of the garden; Expression of Korean garden; Representation of the reconciliation between two environments. Since many parts of the garden are under designing, and the discussion on the resetting of the existing trees in the garden is in progress, more specific investigation will be done in the next thesis.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

This paper proposed a new control method which is capable of controlling circulating current considering current capacity of switching device. In the unbalanced voltage conditions, active power and reactive power have double line frequency. Thus, in order to provide active power without ripple, it is necessary to inject the negative sequence current components. However, when the negative current components is injected, it increases the total current flowing in the Arm, and in the Sub-module(SM) the current more than rated is impressed, which leads to destroy the system. Also, in impressing the circulating current reference of each arm, conventional control method impressed applicable $i_{dck}/3$ in the case of balanced voltage conditions. In the case of unbalanced conditions, as arm circulating current of three phase show difference due to the power impressed to each arm, reference of each arm is not identical. In this study, in the case of unbalanced voltage, within permitted current, the control method to decrease the ripple of active power is proposed, through circulating current control and current limitations. This control method has the advantage that calculates the maximum active power possible to generate capacity and impressed the current reference for that much. Also, in impressing circulating current reference, a new control method proposes to impress the reference from calculating active power of each phase. The proposed control method is verified through the simulation results, using the PSCAD/EMTDC.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2015

영상압축코덱은 데이터를 일정한 블록크기로 나누어 처리하며 블록크기로 나누어진 데이터는 필요에 따라 처리 순서가 바뀌게 되므로 블록단위의 순서 재배열을 위해서는 블록의 크기에 해당하는 데이터를 메모리에 저장한 후 새로운 순서로 읽는다. 처리 속도를 유지하기 위해서는 두 개의 메모리를 이용하여 입력 데이터를 저장하는 동시에 이전에 저장된 데이터를 읽는 방법을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 단일 메모리를 적용한 불규칙한 입출력 순서 변환의 경우에도 주소의 변화가 유한한 갱신 횟수 안에 반복되는 예측 가능한 규칙성을 가짐을 보이고 하드웨어 구현을 위한 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 제시한 방법은 HDL로 설계하여 TSMC 0.18 CMOS 공정 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성하였고 다양한 입출력 순서변환 스캔블록에 대해 40%이상의 면적 절감효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus was detected in malformed fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus strain ASI2792, one of bottle cultivated commercial strains of the edible oyster mushroom. The partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the P. ostreatus ASI2792 mycovirus (PoV-ASI2792) was cloned, and a cDNA sequences alignment revealed that the sequence was identical to the RdRp gene of a known PoSV found in the P. ostreatus strain. To investigate the symptoms of PoV-ASI2792 infection by comparing the isogenic virus-free P. ostreatus strains with a virus-infected strain, isogenic virus-cured P. ostreatus strains were obtained by the mycelial fragmentation method for virus curing. The absence of virus was verified with gel electrophoresis after dsRNA-specific virus purification and Northern blot analysis using a partial RdRp cDNA of PoV-ASI2792. The growth rate and mycelial dry weight of virus-infected P. ostreatus strain with PoV-ASI2792 mycovirus were compared to those of three virus-free isogenic strains on 10 different media. The virus-cured strains showed distinctly higher mycelial growth rates and dry weights on all kinds of experimental culture media, with at least a 2.2-fold higher mycelial growth rate on mushroom complete media (MCM) and Hamada media, and a 2.7-fold higher mycelial dry weight on MCM and yeast-malt-glucose agar media than those of the virus-infected strain. These results suggest that the infection of PoV mycovirus has a deleterious effect on the vegetative growth of P. ostreatus.