• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Purpose: North Korean refugee women struggle with the double burden of adaptation and parenting as mothers in a new environment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding newborn care among North Korean refugees, and to determine differences between these variables according to participants' characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from September to October 2022, and 150 North Korean refugee women recruited using convenience sampling participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores were as follows: parenting knowledge, 14.97 out of 25; infection prevention knowledge and confidence, 20.09 out of 33 and 51.37 out of 80, respectively; and educational needs, 245.86 out of 310. Significant differences were observed in newborn care, knowledge, and confidence according to maternal age, educational level, family structure, and pregnancy history. Significant positive correlations were observed between the participants' newborn care knowledge, confidence, and educational needs. Conclusion: Personalized educational programs should be implemented to enhance North Korean refugee women's confidence in newborn care, focusing on areas with low knowledge levels and high educational needs and enabling women to achieve healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and to parent well.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2006

This study examined, through a qualitative approach, the viewpoints and beliefs toward divorce held by people who have experienced a divorce. In-depth interviews with divorced individuals (two males and twelve females) were conducted for this study. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, the participants of the study had a tendency to withdraw. In other words, they felt powerless and lonely, and they think of themselves as a failure. Second, they clearly recognized the double standard in society toward divorce. They strongly felt that people who had shown tolerant attitudes toward divorce when it was a distant phenomenon suddenly took a different attitude when a divorce occurred to a relative. The fact that openly stated viewpoints toward divorce can be significantly different than unstated attitudes made the participants' lives still harder by adding another burden to the difficulties they already faced from the divorce. As a result, they would rather hide the fact that they were divorced than be open about it with other people. Aside from highly significant others, they attempted to conceal their divorce from others whenever possible. Third, as people who have already experienced divorce, they seem to take a more careful attitude toward divorce than those who have not experienced a divorce. The participants pointed to the social responsibilities to promote public understanding and a sense of value about divorce, and they hoped that our society would communicate better about the difficulties of getting divorced from the perspective of those who have experienced divorce. The participants believed this would ultimately contribute to preventing divorce among others. This study is expected to expand understanding toward the phenomenon of divorce in Korean society, and further, to provide basic information for a clearer understanding of the current state of the Korean family.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

상호정보 포텐셜과 델타 함수열 (cross-information potential and Dirac-delta functions, CIPD) 을 이용한 Equalizer 알고리듬이 충격성 잡음 하에서도 채널의 ISI 제거 성능이 우수한 반면, 블록 처리 방식으로 가중치 갱신을 행하고 있어서 계산량이 많다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 이 논문에서는 CIPD 알고리듬의 계산량을 크게 줄일 수 있는 방법으로서 매 샘플 시간마다 수행하는 CIPD 알고리듬의 이중 합산을 단일 합산으로 바꿀 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 실험 결과에서 제안된 방식은 기존 CIPD 알고리듬과 동일한 기울기 학습 곡선을 나타냈다. 또한 충격성 잡음 상황에서도 기존 방식이 블록처리 데이터 수에 비례하는 계산량을 나타낸 반면 제안된 방식은 이와 관계없이 더 작은 계산량을 유지하면서 CIPD 알고리듬과 동일한 기울기 값을 산출해낸다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between family stress and adaptation in families with a disabled child through literature review using McCubbin's Double ABCX family crisis framework. The literature review focused on (1) family stress and factors affecting family stress, (2) the critical individual, familial and social resources which families acquire and employ over time in managing crisis situation. (3) the changes in definition and meaning families develop in an effort to make sense out of their predicament. (4) the coping strategies families employ. and (5) the range of outcomes of these family efforts The results showed that families reported financial difficulties and the burden of care-giving demands as major family stressors. Siblings of disabled children manifested depressive symptoms and social isolation. but was not consistent study results. The parents' views of the cause of the disabling condition fundamentally affected their behavior toward their disabled child. Especially. the fathers' views of the child's characteristics made the greatest contribution to positive changes in the mothers' perceptions. The term perceived social support refers to the cognitive appraisal by individuals that they are cared for and valued, that significant others are available to them if needed, and that they are satisfied with their interpersonal relationships. The perceived social support was more protective than social support source. network size and network density. Parental adaptation was found to be related to the child's communication competence rather than family coping strategies proposed by Lazarus and Folkman. One study results showed that there was no difference in depressive symptoms and physical health between mothers with a disabled child and those without all though mothers with a disabled child had negative attitudes and perceived themselves as having significantly less social support and lower family functioning. But a longitudinal study revealed decreases in the negative impact of the child and increases in sibling and overall family adaptation.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2014

오차 신호의 확률분포 사이의 유클리드 거리 (Euclidean distance between error probability density functions, EDEP)는 충격성 잡음 환경의 적응 신호 처리를 위한 성능 지수로 사용되었다. 이 EDEP 알고리듬의 단점 중의 하나로 각 반복 시간마다 수행하는 이중적분에 의해 과다한 계산상의 복잡성이 있다. 이 논문에서는 EDEP 와 그 기울기 계산에서 계산상의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 반복적 추정 방법을 제안하였다. 데이터 블록 크기 N에 대하여, 기존의 추정 방식에 의한 EDEP와 그 기울기 계산량은 $O(N^2)$인 반면, 제안한 방식의 계산량은 O(N)이다. 성능 시험에서 제안한 방식의 EDEP와 그 기울기는 정상상태에서 기존의 블록 처리 방식과 동일한 추정결과를 나타냈다. 이러한 시뮬레이션 결과로부터, 제안한 방식이 실제 적응신호처리 분야에서 효과적인 방식임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to identify the species of nematodes and determine infection state of small intestinal nematodes from dogs in Taegu area. One hundred and eleven healthy dogs which were 8 months old or more were examined by means of autopsy from September to November, 1993. All of the worms in small intestine were collected and preserved in 10% formalin solution. The worms were cleared in the lactophenol solution and examined by stereomicroscope and lightmicroscope. The result obtained were summarized as follows : Fifty three dogs(47.7%) out of the 111 experimental dogs were infected with small intestinal nematodes. Hookworm infection was recognized in 30(27.7%) dogs. All of the hookworms were identified morphologically as Ancylostoma caninum which had 3 pairs of ventral teeth, a pair of triangular dorsal teeth and a pair of centrolateral teeth. No Uncinaria stenocephala infection was detectable. Roundworm infection was recognized in 37(33.3%) dogs. Twenty one(18.9%) dogs were infected with Toxascaris leonina which had characteristic dorsal lips, paired spicules and a simple tail without process. The individual worm burden of the infected dogs ranged from one to 361 with mean of 25.5%. Among them 0~358(mean $17.8{\pm}30.66$) were Ancylostoma caninum, 0~18(mean $1.6{\pm}3.44$) were Toxocara canis and 0~60(mean $6.0{\pm}12.05$) were Toxascaris leonina. Single infection with Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were observed in 16(14.4%) dogs, in 9(8.1%) dogs, and in 11(9.9%) dogs respectively. Double infection with Ancylostoma caninum plus Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis plus Toxascaris leonina occurred in 5(0.5%) and in 3(2.7%) dogs respectively. Triple infection with Ancylostoma caninum plus Toxocara canis plus Toxascaris leonina occurred in 7(6.3%) dogs.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 잡음에 강건한 적응 알고리즘을 이용하여 음향 반향을 제거하고 추정 오타 신호와 마이크 입력 신호간의 상관도를 이용한 후처리기로 잔여 반향을 감쇠시킴으로써 통화의 품질을 향상시키는 음향반향 제거기를 ADSP-2181을 이용하여 구현하였다. 제안하는 음향 반향제거기는 기존의 적응 필터를 이용한 음향 반향 제거기예 비해 계산량이 크게 종가하지 않으면서 잔여 반향을 제거하여 통화 품질을 개선하며, 감쇠기를 통과함으로써 원래 신호가 왜곡이 되는 현상을 방지하기 위하여 두 개 의 문턱치를 사용하여 후처리 여부를 결정하여 신호의 왜곡을 막아준다. 그리고 16 비트 고정 소수점 DSP를 이용한 실험 결과를 통하여 잡음에 강건한 적응 알고리즘이 동시 통화 상황에서도 우수하게 동작하고, 수렴 속도도 NLMS 알고리즘에 떨어지지 않음을 보았다. 그리고 후처리기를 사용함으로써 ERLE가 평균 20 dB 이상 향상되었다. 그리고 제안하는 후처리기를 사용하는 반향 제거기의 출력이 기존 후처리기를 통과한 출력보다 신호의 왜곡이 줄어 기존의 음향 반향 제거기에 비해서 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.91-134
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• 2008

지역난방사업자는 현재 열 생산시설과 공급시설에 양자에 대해 공사비부담금을 포괄적으로 징수하고 있어 다른 장치산업에 비해 지나치게 소비자 부담이 큰 편이며, 법적 근거와 실제 산정방식 간의 괴리, 편익대가 산정의 부적절성, 교차보조, 소유권문제 등 다양한 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 요금의 가격기능을 회복하고, 공사비부담금의 문제점을 해소하기 위해 공사비부담금을 감소시키고 이를 열요금 중 기본요금을 통해 징수하는 방안에 대해 검토한 바 공사비부담금을 다른 장치산업의 시설분담금 수준까지 현행대비 30% 감소시킬 경우, 전체열요금은 열원에 따라 20년간 평균 4~6% 증가하게 된다. 또한 현행 열요금의 10%에 해당하는 기본요금 비중을 고정비와 투자보수 회수 수준인 25%까지 증가시키고 기본요금으로 공사비부담금 감소분을 회수하는 방안을 함께 제시한다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 크게 계산량이 증가하지 않으면서 음향 반향 제거기의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 잡음에 강건한 적응 알고리즘과 후처리기를 제안한다. 제안하는 적응 알고리즘은 기준 입력신호와 마이크 입력신호의 전력 합으로 적응 상수를 정규화 한다. 근단화자의 음성신호나 주변 잡음이 마이크로 입력되면 그 전력만큼 적응 상수가 작아지기 때문에 이들 주변 잡음에 의한 계수 오조정을 줄일 수 있다. 잔여 반향을 제거하기 위해서 잡음에 강건한 알고리즘과 연동하는 새로운 후처리 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 후처리 방법은 마이크 입력신호와 추정 오차신호의 상관도를 활용한다. 잔여 반향은 마이크 입력신호의 전력으로 정규화된 상관도에 의해서 감쇠되어 제거한다. 정규화 상관도는 잔여 반향에 대해서 Wiener 필터 역할을 한다. 동시 통화시에는 추정 오차신호에는 근단화자의 음성신호가 대부분을 차지함으로 정규화 상관도는 거의 1이 되어 근단화자의 음성신호는 감쇠없이 전송된다. 반향 신호만 있을 때에는 잔여 반향은 후처리기에 의해서 대부분 감쇠되어 제거된다. 제안하는 후처리기를 이용한 음향 반향 제거기의 계산량은 NLMS 알고리즘에 비해서 크게 증가하지 않는다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4125-4129
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• 2016

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) places a significant burden on the patient. Herbal agents are the most commonly complementary therapies used among the public. This study was done to determine the effect of ginger and chamomile capsules on nausea and vomiting in cases undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blind and clinical trial study, 65 women with BC undergoing chemotherapy were referred to Breast Cancer Research Center, Tehran, Iran, between May 2013 to June 2014. Regimen for ginger group for 5 days before and 5 days after chemotherapy was: 2 times a day and 500 mg capsules of powdered ginger root in addition to a routine antiemetic regimen consisting of dexamethasone, metoclopramide and aprepitant (DMA) capsules. Chamomile group similarly was: 2 times a day and 500 mg capsules of Matricaria chamomilla extract in addition to a routine antiemetic regimen consisting of DMA capsules. Control group, routine antiemetic regimen consisting of DMA capsules. Results: There were no significant differences between the ginger, chamomile and control groups regarding age. Drugs used for chemotherapy were identical and duration of disease was also matched (1-4 months). Ginger and chamomile were both significantly effective for reducing the frequency of vomiting, there being no significant difference between the ginger and chamomile groups. Moreover, unlike the chamomile, ginger significantly influenced the frequency of nausea. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it should be declared that taking ginger capsules (1 g/day) might relieve CINV safely. Nurses dealing directly with cancer patients should be responsible for providing educational programs for patients and their families about how to deal with their drug regimens and associated side effects.