• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2016

In this study, the microalga Neochloris oleoabundans was cultivated in a sustainable manner using diluted anaerobic digestate to produce biomass as a potential biofuel feedstock. Prior to microalgae cultivation, the anaerobic digestate was characterized and several pretreatment methods including hydrogen peroxide treatment, filtration, and supernatant extraction were investigated and their impact on the removal of suspended solids as well as other organic and inorganic matter was evaluated. It was found that the supernatant extraction was the most convenient pretreatment method and was used afterwards to prepare the nutrient media for microalgae cultivation. A bench-scale experiment was conducted using multiple dilutions of the supernatant and filtered anaerobic digestate in 16 mm round glass vials. The results indicated that the highest growth of the microalga N. oleoabundans was achieved with a total nitrogen concentration of 100 mg N/L in the 2.29% diluted supernatant in comparison to the filtered digestate and other dilutions.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

One of the major issues in the material-based or acceptance quality characteristics asphalt pavement Quality Assurance (QA) is that the method does not have rationality to link between the individual materials and the projected performance of the pavement. A new asphalt mix QA method has been recently developed under a national research project using the probabilistic Performance Related Specification (PRS). This advanced PRS QA methodology integrates the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design$^{(R)}$ technology with the simple performance test concept that bridges the material characteristics with the pavement performance. This paper presents a case study of asphalt pavement performance using the developed PRS QA computer program, named Quality Related Specification Software (QRSS), with an actual pavement project, to demonstrate the developed PRS procedure and to assess the robustness of QRSS in terms of the rationality of the distress predictions. The results of this limited case study show that the new PRS QA method reasonably predicts the pavement performance, properly applied the probabilistic methods, and produced rational pay adjustment.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2011

Congestion management is one of the most challenging tasks of a system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In this paper, cluster/zone method and relative electrical distance (RED) method for congestion management are compared based on the considered parameters. In the cluster/zone method, rescheduling of generation is based on user impact on congestion through the use of transmission congestion distribution factors. In the RED method, the desired proportions of generations for the desired overload relieving are obtained. Even after generation rescheduling, if congestion exists, load curtailment option is also introduced. Rescheduling cost, system cost, losses, and voltage stability parameter are also calculated and compared for the above two methods of congestion management. The results are illustrated on sample 6-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and Indian utility 69-bus systems.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1998

Seasonal changes in microzooplankton abundance were identified in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay and several tributaries from July 1992 through December 1995. Ciliates numerically dominated, comprising over 90% of the total microzooplankton density and aloricate ciliates usually outnumbered loricate ciliates. Copepod nauplii accounted for the highest microzooplankton biomass (>75% in dry weight). Rotifers made small contributions to the total microzooplankton density and biomass (<5%). Time series analysis indicated a twelve month cycle in microzooplankton abundance, and mid-summer(August) peaks for copepod nauplii, and a spring through fall peaks (May-October) for ciliates. Rotifers showed two seasonal peaks: one in mid-summer(August) at the river stations and the other in mid-winter(February) at the mesohaline stations. Seasonal peaks of copepod nauplii and rotifers coincided with the mesozooplankton abundance peak. On the other hand, ciliate maximum usually occurred between the phytoplankton and mesozooplankton peaks. This pattern of microzooplankton seasonality suggests the intermediate trophic role of microzooplankton (especially ciliates) between the phytoplankton(especially picophytoplankton) and mesozooplankton in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.35-35
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• 2007

The roll printing technique is the updated technology which will substitute a existing lithography technique for a field of the display such as LCD, PDP, OLED and FED etc. Currently, the patent trend analysis about research and development of the different enterprises are demanded, because it is forecast that the dominion of display market will be exchanged by research and development result of roll-printing technique. In this presentation, it is analyzed on patent trends applied the roll printing technique for a field of the display such as LCD, PDP, OLED and FED etc in Korea and Japan by the various methods.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

The membrane fatty acid composition of tumor cell can be modified either in cell by altering the lipid composition of the medium of during growth in animals by changing the dietaty fat composition. These modifications are associated with changes in membrane physical properties and certain cellular functions, including carrier-mediated transport and enzyme contained within the membrane. Such effects influence the transport of nutrients and chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells .Fatty acid modification also can enhance the sensitivity of the neoplastic cell to chemotherapy. The alteration in plasma membrane composition will be affected through dietary supplementations and the potential value to cancer patients could be a better understanding of the effects of diet on responsiveness of neoplasms to chemotherapy, i.e. cancer patients' chances for a "cure" can be improved by diet changes prior to treatment.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2022

In 1985, Khan gave some sufficient conditions on semigroup identities to be preserved under epis of semigroups in conjunction with the general semigroup permutation identity. But determination of all identities which are preserved under epis in conjunction with the general permutation identity is an open problem in the category of all semigroups and hence, in the category of all posemigroups. In this paper, we first find some sufficient conditions on an identity to be preserved under epis of posemigroups in conjunction with any nontrivial general permutation identity. We also find some sufficient conditions on posemigroup identities to be preserved under epis of posemigroups in conjunction with the posemigroup permutation identity, not a general permutation identity.

• 정보화연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 러시아 자동차 시장의 현황을 살펴보고, 우리나라 수출항만의 판도 변화를 분석하여 대 러시아 자동차 수출물류구조를 파악하는 것이다. 우선 문헌 및 자료 조사를 통해 현재 러시아 자동차 시장의 현황 및 구조, 성장잠재력 등에 대해서 분석하였다. 그다음 우리나라의 러시아 수출 현황 및 우리나라 항만별 수출 현황에 대해서 조사하였고, BCG 매트릭스 기법을 통해 각 항만별 전망에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 러시아 자동차 시장은 성장가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2013년도를 기준으로 추후 3~5년 후의 러시아 주요 자동차 수출항만을 예측한 결과 포항항이 시장점유율과 시장성장세가 모두 높아 현재의 시장지위를 유지할 것으로 전망된다. 이에 반해 광양항, 부산항, 울산항은 현재 성장세가 상대적으로 하락하고 있어 시장점유율이 감소할 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 인천항은 시장점유율이 10% 이상이고, 시장성장세도 매우 높아 Cash Cow 시장이 될 것으로 예상된다. 향후 대 러시아 자동차 수출 항만물동량을 증가시키기 위해서는 우리나라의 대 러시아 주요 수출 항만들을 대상으로 국내외 자동차의 수출 물량의 흐름 및 구조를 파악하여 차별화된 서비스를 제공하는 방안을 강구하는 것이 필요할 것이라고 제시하였다. 성공적인 서비스 정책을 항만에 적용하기 위해서는 기존에 실시되었던 다양한 항만 서비스 정책 등의 성과를 평가해야 한다. 그리고 엔터프라이즈 아키텍쳐(EA) 프레임웍을 적용하여 효율적이고 효과적인 서비스 정책을 수립하는 연구를 수행하는 것이 필요하다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2009

The demarcation of Maritime Boundary is directly related to the expansion of jurisdiction and the securing of resources. Resource diplomacies of the three countries Korea, China and Japan represent a major task for the national administrations : to secure resources as well as to stablize and sustain resources for future national economies. At the sea area around Korea as well, countries are fiercely competing to secure resources and to expand jurisdiction. This is evidenced by the fact that various principles and logics which are beneficial to each own country are presented through international precedents, agreement between countries and the theories of the international law scholars. They say that the conclusion of demarcation of maritime boundary for the Yellow Sea would be easy from the point that there is no dispute related to island dominion in the waters of the Korean Peninsula especially the Yellow Sea, but still we need to have a strategic approach to this issue from the point that the factors used for claiming maritime boundaries may expand the waters of a country over much. For example, the continental shelf boundary in consideration of the distribution of sedimentary deposits in the Yellow Sea which is being raised by China began from the hypothesis that the inflow of sedimentary deposits to the Yellow Sea through the rivers of China represents absolute majority, but the results of the latest studies raised questions on the hypothesis. Especially, the studies done by Martin and Yang revealed that the inflow of sedimentary deposits to the Yellow Sea from the Yellow River is approximately less than 1% of total sedimentary deposits in the Yellow Sea, and also the result of analysis on the causes and counter policy measures on the environment of Bohai, China supports the reliability of the results of such studies. From a legal aspect, the sedimentary deposits of rivers which are claimed by China represent extremely weak ground for the claim for the title of the continental shelf. The siltline claimed by China seems to be based on the Article 76-4-(a)(i) of UNCLOS. This is, however, not the definition on the title of the continental shelf but it is only a technical formula to utilize in a case where a country desires to expand the continental shelf to over 200 nautical miles. Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf also confirm this point through the Article 2.1.2 of the Guideline. The only case in which sedimentary deposits of rivers were referred to as concrete demarcation of maritime boundary was in the which was concluded in 1986 between India and Myanmar at the Andaman Sea. In the said case, India acknowledged the boundary up to the isobath of 200m which Myanmar claimed based on the sedimentary deposits of the Irrawaddy River. It has limits as a case for acknowledging the sedimentary deposits, however, because in fact India's acknowledgment was made in exchange for the condition that Myanmar gave up the dominion of two islands which they had been claiming from India up until that time.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to develop a typology of fair-trade apparel consumers and present a clear overview of the influence of product knowledge on consumer behaviors. A two-step cluster analysis was used to classify respondents into sub-groups based on their level of self-perceived knowledge and purchase experience. In addition, ANOVA was used to test the predictive validity of the cluster solution. Income was the only demographic variable that significantly differed across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had higher income than the other groups. Psychographic data showed that attitudes and moral norms varied across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had more positive attitudes and higher level of moral norms than the less familiar and less experienced group. In terms of behavioristic data, groups differed significantly in purchase intentions and willingness to pay more for fair-trade apparel. That is, the more familiar and more experienced group was willing to pay more and had higher purchase intentions than the less familiar and less experienced group. Overall, the level of product knowledge and purchase experience were considerably low. This study thus confirmed the need to increase consumers' familiarity related to fair-trade apparel products.