• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2017

This study was conducted to derive a positioning map using multidimensional scaling method to understand how the brand image of national foods including Korean food, Chinese food, Japanese food, Thai food, and Vietnamese food is perceived by domestic and foreign tourists. In order to achieve the research purpose, this study collected 250 data through online and offline surveys for potential food tourists who are interested in visiting overseas. Except the unfaithful responses or missing values, 202 data were analyzed. As a result, first, 8 factors which are considered to be important by food tourists were extracted. Second, the result of similarity analysis using ALSCAL and PROXSCAL did not show that the foods of the five countries were very similar, but all countries seemed to be more likely to compete with each other. Third, attribute selection also indicates that mean value of food taste (3.88), national image (3.82), and sufficient food quantity (3.65) had high level of importance, respectively. These results may provide practical implications for development of branding strategy in food tourism.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to describe how the type of appeal and linguistic expression of men's wear advertisement in magazines by analyzing domestic men's and ladies' magazines published from 1990 to 1999. The periodical change in advertisement trend was also discussed. 1. Type of Linguistic expression The type of linguistic expression used in advertisements far men's wear could be classified into the following five categories : emotional expression, sensual expression, egoistic expression, informative expression, and brand name expression. The periodical trend in the use of each type of linguistic expression was as follows: the occupancy rate for the type of emotional expression was roughly 50 percent in the early 90's (1990-1993) and this percentage gradually decreased during the mid 90's (1994-1196) until the late 90's (1997-1990). Despite the decrease in occupancy rate, this type was the most commonly used. While the occupancy rate fur the type of informative expression gradually increased during the decade, occupancy growth fur the type of brand name expression was slight until its rapid expansion in the late 90's. The occupancy rate for the type of egoistic expression steadily increased during the early and mid 90's but decreased to its original percentage in the late 90's. As for the sensual expression, its occupancy was insignificant up to the mid 90's and then rapidly decreased in the late 90's. 2. Type of appeal The type of appeal used in men's wear advertisements could be classified into the four categories, sensitive appeal, sex appeal, image appeal, and quality appeal. The periodical trend in the use of each type of appeal was as follows: sensitive appeal was most commonly used during the decade ; it had an occupancy rate over 50 percent in the early 90's but the rate gradually decreased during the mid and late 90's. Sexual appeal were the least commonly used; though the occupancy rate increased during the early and mid 90's it dropped dramatically in the late 97's. The occupancy rate for image appeal gradually decreased until its growth in the late 90's. The occupancy rate fur quality appeal was insignificant in the early 90's. This percentage rapidly increased in the mid 90's but relapsed in the late 90's.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.669-677
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the flavor pattern of different varieties of cheeses. Four of the each following cheese varieties such as shred type pizza cheese, Cheddar cheese, Mozzarella block cheese, and white mold-ripened cheeses, stored at $4^{\circ}C$ during 2 wks were examined before and after cooking at $70^{\circ}C$ and $160^{\circ}C$. Flavor patterns of these cheeses were analyzed using an electronic nose system based on mass spectrometer. All data were treated by multivariate data processing based on discriminant function analysis (DFA). The results showed the discriminant model by DFA method. Data revealed that flavor patterns of pizza cheeses were well separated as storage prolonged and obviously discriminated as the higher the cooking temperature. The result of pattern recognition analysis based on discriminant function analysis showed that new brand of pizza cheese produced by Imsil Cheese Cooperative was located at middle between the flavors of the imported brands of pizza cheese and those of domestic brand of pizza cheeses. Imsil cheese has a unique flavor pattern among other variety of cheeses. Application of pattern recognition analysis by electronic nose might be useful and advanced technology for characterizing in flavor pattern of cheese products from different origins and different categories of cheeses.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.857-864
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to investigate the end of filaments of the different toothbrushes in the market through the stereomicroscope and to evaluate the % of rounded-end filaments considered to be acceptable. 9 brands, total 11 type toothbrushes were tested. 2 toothbrushes of each type which is marked as rounded-end filaments were tested. The toothbrushes which are not marked as rounded-end filaments were excluded. The domestic as well as foreign toothbrushes which are familiar to consumers were tested. 2 tufts of each toothbrushes were cut and examined by stereomicroscope using $40{\times}$ magnification. The procedure was carried out with blind-technique, and the digital photographs were taken. Besides the % of rounded-end filaments, total tufts number, material of the tuft, stiffness, and other special characteristics were recorded. By the classification of Silverstone and Featherstone, rounded-end filaments were examined and counted. The results shows that there are different range of rounded-end filaments according to the toothbrush types(17.7%-91.2%). Atman toothbrush has the most rounded-end filaments(91.2%) among the observed toothbrushes, and the Advantage Plus(Ora1-B) has the next(86.75%). E-Clean #411 has the least(17.70%) and E-Clean #410 of the same brand has also low % rounded-end filaments(20.60%). While G.U.M #409(Butler) has 67.90% rounded-end filaments, G.U.M #471 of the Same brand has comparative low 41.83% rounded-end filaments. 4 types of total 11 have the rounded-end filaments over 80%, however other 4 types have under even 50%. Considering that the correct brushing habit with a toothbrush which has rounded-end filaments can protect the gingival injury and tooth abrasion, it is thought that we dentists need to give the correct information about toothbrush to the patients

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

Corporate Culture Marketing is a marketing tool that enhances a company's cultural image or conveys its image through culture. Culture Consumer value analysis is important predictive data in identifying the value and pursuit of life in individual consumption behavior, explaining the choice behavior of culture consumers, and serves as the basis for decision making. The research method was linked to the text mining and opinion mining techniques of big data, and extracted positive, negative and neutral words. The analysis targets culture consumers participating in concerts at Hyundai Card's 'Super Concert', which is subject to domestic consumers, and CJ ENM's 'KCON', which is subject to foreign consumers. The culture consumer value elements of corporate culture marketing are the basic conditions, and they were derived as 'Consensus Communication (Expression of Sensibility)', 'Participation Sharing(VIP Belonging)', 'Social Change Issue', 'Differentiating Services', 'Price Discount Benefit' and 'Location Quality'. In the future, we will need to foster 'Culture Technology Marketers' and apply them in areas such as arts management planning, cultural investment, cultural distribution, cultural space, Corporate Culture, CSR and K-pop marketing to enhance corporate interests and brand value and enhance brand value.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1575-1582
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• 2020

This study aimed to provide basic data for establishing advertising strategy based on the value and implications of the image of the player by examining the influence of the image of a soccer player on the advertising effect. Therefore, a domestic soccer player selected as a sample the production population who experienced the advertisement selected as a model, and conducted a face-to-face (face-to-face) and non-face-to-face (mobile) survey for about 5 months from May 1 to September 30, 2020. Data from a total of 402 people were used for the final analysis. For data processing, frequency analysis, internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS (ver. 21.0) program. The main results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that the soccer player image impact the brand attitude of the advertising effect in the order of body and appearance, performance, reliability, attitude and morality. Second, it was found that the soccer player image impact the advertising attitude of the advertising effect in the order of performance, attitude and morality, body and appearance, reliability.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.971-978
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• 2022

As a marketing method in a non-face-to-face society, the purpose of this study is to test how AR experience affects purchase intention in the process of consumers recognizing product information to purchase products and to secure the basis for the effectiveness of developing and introducing augmented reality functions in future product brand applications. Literary research methods and empirical research methods were used to verify the research purpose, and to measure this, an application of domestic tableware brand 'Odense', which implements augmented reality functions, was produced and used as an experimental tool. Also, a direct causal relationship was attempted by constituting a questionnaire by deriving a measurement scale for perceived usefulness, perceived ease, perceived pleasure, and purchase, which are factors of technology acceptance theory (TAM), and empirical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package to achieve the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, significant results were derived from all factors in the effect of perceived usefulness, ease, and pleasure on purchase intention, and several significant differences were found among factors according to gender, age, and internet shopping usage time in general characteristics. In conclusion, the user experience of the medium in which the augmented reality function is introduced in the information recognition stage of the product has a positive effect on purchase compared to the user experience of existing applications.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1580-1588
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• 2023

The desire for clear and clean skin is universal among both men and women. Women, in particular, seek the help of foundation to achieve beautiful and transparent skin. The choice of foundation is not determined by the race of an individual; instead, it varies based on personal skin color and undertone. Therefore, there is a need to surpass the stereotype of using foundation colors based on racial discrimination. The purpose of this study is to randomly select cosmetics brands from Korea, China, Japan, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, considering the impact of each photo, environment, and equipment. The objective is to understand the differences in skin tones in foundation advertisement model images on websites. Analyzing the RGB values of foundation colors for each brand revealed that in Korea, the colors were 8.75R, 1.25YR, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, and 6.25YR. Chinese brands showed similar colors with 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 10YR. Japanese brands displayed colors such as 7.5R, 8.75R, 10R, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 7.5YR. American brands presented colors like 6.25R, 8.75R, 10R, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR. French brands featured 10R, 1.25YR, 3.75YR, 5YR. Lastly, British brands displayed 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 7.5YR. As a follow-up study, in-depth research on the reshaping and color changes of foundation over time is recommended. It is hoped that this research will serve as fundamental data for makeup companies' marketing and contribute to the development of both domestic and international color cosmetics markets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1632-1643
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• 2004

The competitiveness of the domestic cosmetics market will improve more rapidly when efficient market segmentation is secured, qualitative information about each of the segmented markets is gathered, and adequate marketing strategies to meet the demands of each segmented markets is established. Therefore, continuous studies are needed to secure qualitative information for market segmentation. In order to find out whether the domestic cosmetics market could be segmented according to consumers' shopping orientation, the present study analyzed cosmetics purchasing behavior, complaint behavior, and demographic characteristics of each consumer group classified according to their shopping orientation. The study was implemented by a normative-descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. Three groups of consumers were identified according to their shopping orientation: price-oriented group, information-oriented group, and brand-oriented group. It was confirmed that the groups, classified according to shopping orientation, have significantly different demographic, purchasing, and complaint behavior. Therefore, shopping orientation should be carefully considered in the segmentation of the cosmetics market.