• 제목/요약/키워드: domain expertise

검색결과 63건 처리시간 0.025초

초등 영재 교사의 수업 전문성 신장을 위한 수학 수업 사례 분석 (An Analysis of Mathematics Instruction for Professional Development of Elementary School Teachers for Gifted)

  • 김민정;방정숙
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.143-160
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    • 2016
  • 최근 영재 교사의 수업 전문성에 대한 관심과 연구는 많아지는 반면, 정작 각 영재 교과의 특성을 반영한 수업 전문성의 요소나 이를 적용하여 수업을 분석한 사례는 매우 부족하다. 이에 본 논문은 선행 연구를 바탕으로 수학 영재 교수 학습의 요소를 탐색하고 초등 영재 교사의 수학 수업을 상세히 분석한 사례를 제공한다. 분석 결과 전반적인 교수 학습의 특징 외에도 수학 영재의 특성을 고려한 학습 환경 조성, 수학 심화학습 위주의 과제 제시 및 확장, 고차원적인 수학적 사고 촉진, 수학적 규칙성 연결성 유용성을 강조하는 특징이 드러났다. 이를 통해 초등 수학 영재교육의 특성을 반영한 수업에 대한 실제적 담론의 기초를 형성하고, 영재 교사에게는 초등 수학 영재 수업을 바라보는 안목의 형성과 전문성 향상의 기초를 제공하고자 한다.

폭소노미 사이트를 위한 랭킹 프레임워크 설계: 시맨틱 그래프기반 접근 (A Folksonomy Ranking Framework: A Semantic Graph-based Approach)

  • 박현정;노상규
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.89-116
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    • 2011
  • In collaborative tagging systems such as Delicious.com and Flickr.com, users assign keywords or tags to their uploaded resources, such as bookmarks and pictures, for their future use or sharing purposes. The collection of resources and tags generated by a user is called a personomy, and the collection of all personomies constitutes the folksonomy. The most significant need of the folksonomy users Is to efficiently find useful resources or experts on specific topics. An excellent ranking algorithm would assign higher ranking to more useful resources or experts. What resources are considered useful In a folksonomic system? Does a standard superior to frequency or freshness exist? The resource recommended by more users with mere expertise should be worthy of attention. This ranking paradigm can be implemented through a graph-based ranking algorithm. Two well-known representatives of such a paradigm are Page Rank by Google and HITS(Hypertext Induced Topic Selection) by Kleinberg. Both Page Rank and HITS assign a higher evaluation score to pages linked to more higher-scored pages. HITS differs from PageRank in that it utilizes two kinds of scores: authority and hub scores. The ranking objects of these pages are limited to Web pages, whereas the ranking objects of a folksonomic system are somewhat heterogeneous(i.e., users, resources, and tags). Therefore, uniform application of the voting notion of PageRank and HITS based on the links to a folksonomy would be unreasonable, In a folksonomic system, each link corresponding to a property can have an opposite direction, depending on whether the property is an active or a passive voice. The current research stems from the Idea that a graph-based ranking algorithm could be applied to the folksonomic system using the concept of mutual Interactions between entitles, rather than the voting notion of PageRank or HITS. The concept of mutual interactions, proposed for ranking the Semantic Web resources, enables the calculation of importance scores of various resources unaffected by link directions. The weights of a property representing the mutual interaction between classes are assigned depending on the relative significance of the property to the resource importance of each class. This class-oriented approach is based on the fact that, in the Semantic Web, there are many heterogeneous classes; thus, applying a different appraisal standard for each class is more reasonable. This is similar to the evaluation method of humans, where different items are assigned specific weights, which are then summed up to determine the weighted average. We can check for missing properties more easily with this approach than with other predicate-oriented approaches. A user of a tagging system usually assigns more than one tags to the same resource, and there can be more than one tags with the same subjectivity and objectivity. In the case that many users assign similar tags to the same resource, grading the users differently depending on the assignment order becomes necessary. This idea comes from the studies in psychology wherein expertise involves the ability to select the most relevant information for achieving a goal. An expert should be someone who not only has a large collection of documents annotated with a particular tag, but also tends to add documents of high quality to his/her collections. Such documents are identified by the number, as well as the expertise, of users who have the same documents in their collections. In other words, there is a relationship of mutual reinforcement between the expertise of a user and the quality of a document. In addition, there is a need to rank entities related more closely to a certain entity. Considering the property of social media that ensures the popularity of a topic is temporary, recent data should have more weight than old data. We propose a comprehensive folksonomy ranking framework in which all these considerations are dealt with and that can be easily customized to each folksonomy site for ranking purposes. To examine the validity of our ranking algorithm and show the mechanism of adjusting property, time, and expertise weights, we first use a dataset designed for analyzing the effect of each ranking factor independently. We then show the ranking results of a real folksonomy site, with the ranking factors combined. Because the ground truth of a given dataset is not known when it comes to ranking, we inject simulated data whose ranking results can be predicted into the real dataset and compare the ranking results of our algorithm with that of a previous HITS-based algorithm. Our semantic ranking algorithm based on the concept of mutual interaction seems to be preferable to the HITS-based algorithm as a flexible folksonomy ranking framework. Some concrete points of difference are as follows. First, with the time concept applied to the property weights, our algorithm shows superior performance in lowering the scores of older data and raising the scores of newer data. Second, applying the time concept to the expertise weights, as well as to the property weights, our algorithm controls the conflicting influence of expertise weights and enhances overall consistency of time-valued ranking. The expertise weights of the previous study can act as an obstacle to the time-valued ranking because the number of followers increases as time goes on. Third, many new properties and classes can be included in our framework. The previous HITS-based algorithm, based on the voting notion, loses ground in the situation where the domain consists of more than two classes, or where other important properties, such as "sent through twitter" or "registered as a friend," are added to the domain. Forth, there is a big difference in the calculation time and memory use between the two kinds of algorithms. While the matrix multiplication of two matrices, has to be executed twice for the previous HITS-based algorithm, this is unnecessary with our algorithm. In our ranking framework, various folksonomy ranking policies can be expressed with the ranking factors combined and our approach can work, even if the folksonomy site is not implemented with Semantic Web languages. Above all, the time weight proposed in this paper will be applicable to various domains, including social media, where time value is considered important.

가상생산을 이용한 공급 및 외주업체 선정 에이전트 시스템 (The Supplier and Outsourcing Company Selection Agent System using the Virtual Manufacture)

  • 최형림;박용성;박병주
    • 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.49-64
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    • 2004
  • Recently, SCM(Supply Chain Management) embraces the dynamic environmental changes of the participatory bodies in supply chain. Under this dynamic SCM environment, the selection of supplier and outsourcing company is very important. In their selection, the productivity and expertise of suppliers and outsourcing companies are, of course, to be considered as important factors, but whether or nottheycanmeettheduedateisacritical factor. In particular, this is true because an order-based manufacture ought to have CTP(Capable To Promise). For this purpose, by capitalizing onthevirtualmanufactureundertheSCM, this paper has tried to suggest a new agent system for the selection of supplier and outsourcing company. While performing virtual manufacture based on the integration scheduling, this system acquires the production environment and scheduling information of both suppliers and outsourcing companies on a real-timebasis,thusmakingintegrationschedulingpossible. Also, in order to provetheviabilityofthisstudy,thispaper has selected a specific domain and applied it.

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Naive Bayes 문서 분류기를 위한 점진적 학습 모델 연구 (A Study on Incremental Learning Model for Naive Bayes Text Classifier)

  • 김제욱;김한준;이상구
    • 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2001
  • In the text classification domain, labeling the training documents is an expensive process because it requires human expertise and is a tedious, time-consuming task. Therefore, it is important to reduce the manual labeling of training documents while improving the text classifier. Selective sampling, a form of active learning, reduces the number of training documents that needs to be labeled by examining the unlabeled documents and selecting the most informative ones for manual labeling. We apply this methodology to Naive Bayes, a text classifier renowned as a successful method in text classification. One of the most important issues in selective sampling is to determine the criterion when selecting the training documents from the large pool of unlabeled documents. In this paper, we propose two measures that would determine this criterion : the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the entropy measure. The experimental results, using Renters 21578 corpus, show that this proposed learning method improves Naive Bayes text classifier more than the existing ones.

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볼트의 자동공정계획수립을 위한 CBR시스템의 개발 (Developing CBR System for Bolt's CAPP)

  • 김진백
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.19-37
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    • 1999
  • Computer aided process planning(CAPP) is a key for implementing CIM. It is bridge between CAD and CAM and translates the design information into manufacturing instructions. Generally, manufacturing is an area where intelligent systems will not be able to rely on methods requiring formalized knowledge. Manufacturing lacks a body of knowledge that is specific, formalized, and rigorous, and which can be coded as rules or procedures. Thus expertise in manufacturing is developed over a period of many years. Case-based reasoning(CBR) offers a new approach for developing intelligent system. In the case-based approach the problem solving experience of the experts is encoded in the form of cases. CBR's retrieval process can be divided to two step. The first step is matching step, and the second step is selection step. For selecting base case, new preference heuristics were introduced using similarity concept. Similarity concept has three has three dimensions, i.e. entity similarity, structural similarity, and goal similarity. In this paper, bolt's process planning was selected an application domain. Following the test result, the new preference heuristics were approved as a useful procedure in CAPP.

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오염된 지하수 처리와 추적을 위한 엑스퍼트 시스템의 개발 (A Design of an Expert System for the Treatment and the Routing of Contaminated Groundwater)

  • 성기원;선우중호
    • 물과 미래
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.477-486
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    • 1990
  • 지하수 오염처리에 관한 문제는 수공학 이외에도 지질학, 화학, 독극물학 등의 전문지식이 요구된다는 점에서 Expert System(이하 ES)가 설계되기에 이상적인 환경을 지니고 있는 분야이다. 본 연구의 목적은 오염물질로 오염된 지하수의 처리에 대한 조언과 그것에 대한 추적을 위한 소프트웨어의 개발에 있다. Prolog 언어를 사용하여 개발된 이 프로그램은 현장 실무자에게 독극성의 정도와 화학반응의 축연성, 특정지점의 농도계산을 통하여 현 상황에 대한 심각성의 정도와 대응책을 조언하게 된다.

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Pediatric postintensive care syndrome: high burden and a gap in evaluation tools for limited-resource settings

  • Chaiyakulsil, Chanapai;Opasatian, Rapee;Tippayawong, Paweethida
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제64권9호
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    • pp.436-442
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    • 2021
  • This article aimed to summarize the impact and burden of pediatric postintensive care syndrome (PICS-p) in the physical, mental, cognitive, and social health domains after a review of the current pediatric literature in MEDLINE and PubMed. We also aimed to elucidate the limitations of the current evaluation tools used in limited-resource settings. PICS-p can impact a child's life for decades. Most validated tools are time-consuming, require qualifications, and expertise, are often limited to older children, and can evaluate only one domain. A novel, simple, and comprehensive surveillance tool can aid healthcare providers in the early detection and intervention of PICS-p. Further studies should validate and refine the parameters that will enhance the outcomes of pediatric intensive care unit survivors.

조종실 계기 및 제어 복잡성이 조종사의 상황인식에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Cockpit Display and Control Complexity on Pilot Situation Awareness)

  • Kim, Min-Young;Seol, Jae-Wook;Kim, Yong-Seok;Sohn, Young-Woo
    • 감성과학
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.73-87
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    • 2003
  • 이 연구는 일반적인 인지이론을 조종사 기술의 범위로 확대시켜, 조종사가 얼마나 빠르고 정확하게 상황인식을 하는지를 제시문과 비행 장면 일치성 측정을 통해 알아보았다. 이 연구의 목적은 두 가지 측면의 변인에 따라 상황인식이 전문성의 영향을 받는지를 알아보는 것이다. 비행 요소간의 관계를 나타내는 비행 상황 변인들과 비행 요소의 내용을 나타내는 비행 상황 변인들 모두 비행 상황인식에 영향을 주었다 그리고 작업기억은 다양한 정보들을 통합시키는 데 결정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 비행 상황인식의 바탕인 인지적 과정을 나타내는 구조화통합 모델의 이론적 틀 안에서 설명되어진다.

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초등학교 과학 교사가 인식하는 PCK, 그릿, 교수 효능감 사이의 구조적 관계 (Structural Relationship between PCK, Grit, and Teaching Efficacy Perceived by Elementary School Science Teachers)

  • 채유정;이기영;박재용
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.389-402
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    • 2023
  • 이 연구에서는 초등학교 과학 수업에서 교사의 PCK, 그릿, 교수 효능감 사이의 구조적 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 문헌 분석 결과에 기초하여 PCK를 수업 지식 영역과 수업 실행 영역으로 구분하고, 이들 두 가지 영역을 외생잠재변수로 설정하여 PCK와 교수 효능감 사이의 구조적 연관성을 확인하였다. 또한, 구조방정식 모형에 교사의 그릿을 외생잠재변수로 추가하여 수업 지식, 수업 실행, 그릿이 교수 효능감에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. PCK와 교수 효능감 사이의 구조적 관계를 확인한 결과, 수업 지식과 수업 실행 사이에 높은 상관관계가 나타났으며, 수업 지식은 수업 실행과 비교하여 교수 효능감에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다. PCK, 그릿, 교수 효능감 사이의 구조적 관계를 확인한 결과, 수업 지식과 그릿은 모두 교수 효능감에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치고 있지만, 수업 실행과 교수 효능감 사이의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 초등학교 과학 수업에서 교사 전문성과 교수 효능감을 강화하는 방안과 교사 전문성 영역에서 그릿이 갖는 의미에 대해 논의하였다.

보육시설종사자의 직위와 전문성 발달수준 및 보육교사의 자격에 따른 보육시설 조력활동에 대한 평가의 차이 (The Study on the Assistance Program for Evaluative Accreditation in terms of Child Care Teacher's and Principal's Position, Certificate Level, Expertise Level)

  • 남미경
    • 한국보육지원학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.43-60
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 보육시설 평가인증과정에서 이루어지는 조력활동에 대한 평가결과가 보육시설종사자의 직위와 전문성 발달수준 및 보육교사의 자격에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아봄으로써 보다 수요자 중심적이고 현장적합적인 조력활동을 계획, 운영하는데 기초자료를 제공하는 것이었다. 본 연구를 위해 D,G시 소재 민간(가정)보육시설에 근무하는 시설장과 보육교사 138명을 대상으로 '보육시설 평가인증 조력활동평가척도'(남미경, 2010)와 '유치원 교사의 전문성 발달수준 자기평가 도구'(백은주, 조부경, 2004)를 보육교사와 시설장에 적합하도록 수정한 것을 사용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 보육시설 조력활동에 대한 평가점수는 보육교사가 시설장에 비해 통계적으로 높게 평가한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보육시설 조력활동에 대한 평가결과는 보육교사와 시설장의 전문성 발달수준에 따라 '조력활동내용영역'에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 전문성 발달수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단에 비해 조력활동내용에 대해 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 셋째, 보육시설 조력활동에 대한 평가결과는 보육교사 2급 자격자와 보육교사 1급 자격자 간에 '조력활동내용영역'의 조력영역 부분에서만 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.