• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.785-792
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• 2021

Since the Fourth Industrial Revolution, various changes have occurred in society as a whole due to advance in technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data. The amount of data that can be collect in the process of applying important technologies tends to increase rapidly. Especially in academia, existing generated literature data is analyzed in order to grasp research trends, and analysis of these literature organizes the research flow and organizes some research methodologies and themes, or by grasping the subjects that are currently being talked about in academia, we are making a lot of contributions to setting the direction of future research. However, it is difficult to access whether data collection is necessary for the analysis of document data without the expertise of ordinary programs. In this paper, propose a text mining-based topic modeling Web application model. Even if you lack specialized knowledge about data analysis methods through the proposed model, you can perform various tasks such as collecting, storing, and text-analyzing research papers, and researchers can analyze previous research and research trends. It is expect that the time and effort required for data analysis can be reduce order to understand.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.461-476
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• 2022

Research studies on the scale effect on triaxial strength of intact rocks are scarce, being more common those in uniaxial strength. In this paper, the authors present and briefly interpret the peak and residual strength trends on a series of triaxial tests on different size specimens (30 mm to 84 mm diameter) of an intact granitic rock at confinements ranging from 0 to 15 MPa. Peak strength tends to grow from smaller to standard-size samples (54 mm) and then diminishes for larger values at low confinement. However, a slight change in strength is observed at higher confinements. Residual strength is observed to be much less size-dependent. Additionally, this study introduces preliminary modelling approaches of these laboratory observations with the help of three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) simulations based on bonded particle models (BPM). Based on previous studies, two modelling approaches have been followed. In the first one, the maximum and minimum particle diameter (D_max and D_min) are kept constant irrespective of the sample size, whereas in the second one, the resolution (number of particles within the sample or ϕ_v) was kept constant. Neither of these approaches properly represent the observations in actual laboratory tests, even if both of them show some interesting capabilities reported in this document. Eventually, some suggestions are provided to proceed towards improving modelling approaches to represent observed scale effects.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

The assembly of modular construction requires a series of thoroughly-considered decisions for crane lifting including the crane model selection, crane location planning, and lift path planning. Traditionally, this decision-making process is empirical and time-consuming, requiring significant human inputs. Recently, research efforts have been dedicated to improving lift planning practices by leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as automated data acquisition, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and computational algorithms. It has been demonstrated that these technologies have advanced lift planning to some degree. However, the advancements tend to be fragmented and isolated. There are two hurdles prevented a systematic improvement of lift planning practices. First, the lack of formalized lift planning workflow, outlining the procedure and necessary information. Secondly, there is also an absence of a shared information environment, enabling storages, updates and the distribution of information to stakeholders in a timely manner. Thus, this paper aims to overcome the hurdles. The study starts with a literature review in combination with document analysis, enabling the initial workflow and information flow. These were contextualised through a series of interviews with Australian practitioners in the crane-related industry, and systematically analysed and schematically validated through an expert panel. Findings included formalized workflow and corresponding information exchanges in a traditional lift planning practice via a Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The traditional practice is thus reviewed to identify opportunities for further enhancements. Finally, a BIM-based lift planning workflow is proposed, which integrates the scattered technologies (e.g. BIM and computational algorithms) with the aim of supporting lift planning automation. The resulting framework is setting out procedures that need to be developed and the potential obstacles towards automated lift planning are identified.

• FOCUS: LIFE SCIENCE
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• no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.4
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• 2024

This article provides comprehensive guidance on the maintenance, cleaning, regeneration, and storage of silica-based HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) columns. The general considerations emphasize the importance of using in-line filters and guard cartridges to protect columns from blockage and irreversible sample adsorption. While these measures help, contamination by strongly adsorbed sample components can still occur over time, leading to an increase in back pressure, loss of efficiency, and other issues. To maximize column lifetime, especially with UHPLC (Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography) columns, it is advisable to use ultra-pure solvents, freshly prepared aqueous mobile phases, and to filter all samples, standards, and mobile phases. Additionally, an in-line filter system and sample clean-up on dirty samples are recommended. However, in cases of irreversible compound adsorption or column voiding, regeneration may not be possible. The document also provides specific recommendations for column cleaning procedures, including the flushing procedures for various types of columns such as reversed phase, unbonded silica, bonded normal phase, anion exchange, cation exchange, and size exclusion columns for proteins. The flushing procedures involve using specific solvents in a series to clean and regenerate the columns. It is emphasized that the flow rate during flushing should not exceed the specified limit for the particular column, and the last solvent used should be compatible with the mobile phase. Furthermore, the article outlines the storage conditions for silica based HPLC columns, highlighting the impact of storage conditions on the column's lifetime. It is recommended to flush all buffers, salts, and ion-pairing reagents from the column before storage. The storage solvent should ideally match the one used in the initial column test chromatogram provided by the manufacturer, and column end plugs should be fitted to prevent solvent evaporation and drying out of the packing bed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.375-382
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• 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) still encounter challenges in comprehending domain-specific expressions within construction documents. Analogous to humans acquiring unfamiliar expressions from dictionaries, language models could assimilate domain-specific expressions through the use of a thesaurus. Numerous prior studies have developed construction thesauri; however, a practical issue arises in effectively leveraging these resources for instructing language models. Given that the thesaurus primarily outlines relationships between terms without indicating their relative importance, language models may struggle in discerning which terms to retain or replace. This research aims to establish a robust framework for guiding language models using the information from the thesaurus. For instance, a term would be associated with a list of similar terms while also being included in the lists of other related terms. The relative significance among terms could be ascertained by employing similarity scores normalized according to relevance ranks. Consequently, a term exhibiting a positive margin of normalized similarity scores (termed a pivot term) could semantically replace other related terms, thereby enabling LLMs to comprehend domain-specific terms through these pivotal terms. The outcome of this research presents a practical methodology for utilizing domain-specific thesauri to train LLMs and analyze construction documents. Ongoing evaluation involves validating the accuracy of the thesaurus-applied LLM (e.g., S-BERT) in identifying similarities within construction specification provisions. This outcome holds potential for the construction industry by enhancing LLMs' understanding of construction documents and subsequently improving text mining performance and project management efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.775-784
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• 2006

In this study, CN value was estimated by using detailed soil map and land cover characteristic against upper basin of Kumho watermark located on the upper basin of Kumho river and the hydrologic morphological characteristic factors were extracted from the basin by using the DEM document. Also the runoff analysis was conducted by the WMS model in order to study how the assumed CN value affects the runoff characteristic. First of all, as a result of studying the soil type in this study area, mostly D type soil was Identified by the application of the 1987 classification criteria. However, by that in 1995, B type soil and C type soil were distributed more widely in that area. When CN value was classified by the 1995 classification criteria, it was estimated lower than in 1987, as a result of comparing the estimated CNs by those standars. Also it was assumed that CN value was underestimated when the plan for Geum-ho river maintenance was drawn up. As a result of the analysis of runoff characteristic, the pattern of generation of the classification criteria of soil groups appeared to be similar, but in the case of the application of the classification criteria in 1995, the peak rate of runoff was found to be smaller on the whole than in the case of the application of the classification criteria in 1987. Also when the statistical data such as the prediction errors, the mean squared errors, the coefficient of determination and other data emerging from the analysis, was looked over in total, it seemed appropriate to apply the 1995 classification criteria when hydrological soil classification group was applied. As the result of this study, however, the difference of the result of the statistical dat was somewhat small. In future study, it is necessary to follow up evidence about soil application On many more watersheds and in heavy rain.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

Owing to the extensive use of Web media and the development of the IT industry, a large amount of data has been generated, shared, and stored. Nowadays, various types of unstructured data such as image, sound, video, and text are distributed through Web media. Therefore, many attempts have been made in recent years to discover new value through an analysis of these unstructured data. Among these types of unstructured data, text is recognized as the most representative method for users to express and share their opinions on the Web. In this sense, demand for obtaining new insights through text analysis is steadily increasing. Accordingly, text mining is increasingly being used for different purposes in various fields. In particular, issue tracking is being widely studied not only in the academic world but also in industries because it can be used to extract various issues from text such as news, (SocialNetworkServices) to analyze the trends of these issues. Conventionally, issue tracking is used to identify major issues sustained over a long period of time through topic modeling and to analyze the detailed distribution of documents involved in each issue. However, because conventional issue tracking assumes that the content composing each issue does not change throughout the entire tracking period, it cannot represent the dynamic mutation process of detailed issues that can be created, merged, divided, and deleted between these periods. Moreover, because only keywords that appear consistently throughout the entire period can be derived as issue keywords, concrete issue keywords such as "nuclear test" and "separated families" may be concealed by more general issue keywords such as "North Korea" in an analysis over a long period of time. This implies that many meaningful but short-lived issues cannot be discovered by conventional issue tracking. Note that detailed keywords are preferable to general keywords because the former can be clues for providing actionable strategies. To overcome these limitations, we performed an independent analysis on the documents of each detailed period. We generated an issue flow diagram based on the similarity of each issue between two consecutive periods. The issue transition pattern among categories was analyzed by using the category information of each document. In this study, we then applied the proposed methodology to a real case of 53,739 news articles. We derived an issue flow diagram from the articles. We then proposed the following useful application scenarios for the issue flow diagram presented in the experiment section. First, we can identify an issue that actively appears during a certain period and promptly disappears in the next period. Second, the preceding and following issues of a particular issue can be easily discovered from the issue flow diagram. This implies that our methodology can be used to discover the association between inter-period issues. Finally, an interesting pattern of one-way and two-way transitions was discovered by analyzing the transition patterns of issues through category analysis. Thus, we discovered that a pair of mutually similar categories induces two-way transitions. In contrast, one-way transitions can be recognized as an indicator that issues in a certain category tend to be influenced by other issues in another category. For practical application of the proposed methodology, high-quality word and stop word dictionaries need to be constructed. In addition, not only the number of documents but also additional meta-information such as the read counts, written time, and comments of documents should be analyzed. A rigorous performance evaluation or validation of the proposed methodology should be performed in future works.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.419-443
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• 2007

Recently, the branch-out of foreign companies into domestic markets through M&A and the opened followed by the Free Trade Agreement(FTA) with America have made the environmental site assessments of specific site more necessary. In this study, through case study of conducting actual environmental site assessment by use of a toolbox approach at a large scale of chemical plant with various contaminants located in a coastal area, the problems of guideline of domestic environmental assessment of soil were complemented. And an efficient and economical assessment was achieved. All six steps such as basic investigation, environmental site history survey, sampling and analysis, installation of monitoring wells and hydrogeological survey, and data interpretation were conducted in this study. All results of document survey, geological lineament analysis, field geology survey of surrounding area, geophysical prospecting of the site, hydraulic conductivity, measurement of groundwater flow rate and direction, sampling and analysis at each step were associated and estimated as an integrated tool box approach. As a consequence of this study, toolbox approaches were very useful techniques for contamination level and site characterization of subsurface media. The given conditions to conduct a basic survey for domestic soil environment assessment of site by use of existing documents, as well as interviews with the owner/manager/user of all adjacent properties and thorough review of all practically reviewable records pertaining to the property and surrounding properties within "Guideline for Soil Environment Assessment" radii are very poor. As a result, the application of toolbox approach in the environment site assessment of site is not only more efficient and economical, but also could be very useful assessment to integrate the soil and groundwater contamination.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2007

In current web-based systems, it is generally recognized that one way flow of information from providers to users can cause the static problem of document structure. Therefore, information update frequency and interaction between providers and users are quiet slow. Monopolized information can obstruct the free user's access and heterogeneous format and different protocols also make users difficult to retrieve and to collect information. To resolve these problems, in this study, we introduce the Web 2.0 to move toward the user's participation and share based on the social network and the OAI protocol to improve the free access and the interoperability on bibliographic information for Life Science and then design the bibliographic information network for life science. This network has four main functions such as: 1) Open Repository function that can make up user community for sharing and data exchange. Data such as article, seminar material, research note and research report are considered in design. 2) Open Collection function that can collect and store the metadata on distributed bibliographic information networks, 3) Open Access function that can manage the metadata in the open access environment, and 4) Administration function that can monitor the user activity and statistics and can inspect the registered data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2003

Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) provides an analytical delay estimation model to assist the evaluation of traffic at a signalized intersection. The model revised and included in the HCM published in the year 2000 reflects the results of recent studies and is utilized in various fields of transportation studies. For the implementation of the model in the case of permitted left turns, the HCM supplement provides a computational procedure to adjust the saturation flow rate of permitted left toms. The model however, is originally designed for a protected movement and thus underestimates the delay of permitted left turns due to its difference right-of-way nature. This document describes (1) a review of the theoretical background of the HCM delay estimation model, (2) problems embedded in the model for the delay estimation of permitted left turns, (3) a proposed model developed in this study to improve the delay estimation for permitted left turns and (4) a set of verification tests. In order to reflect various traffic and control conditions in the test, simulation studies were performed to by using the field data based on 120 different permitted left-turn scenarios. Comparison studies conducted between sets of delays estimated by the HCM and the proposed models against a set of the CORSIM delays and showed that the proposed model improved the estimation of the permitted left-turn delays. The explanatory variable of the relationship between the HCM delay and the simulation delay was 0.47 and the one between the delay estimated by the proposed model and the simulation delay was 0.77.