• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to develop new protein/peptide depot system instead of poly(DL-lactic acid-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. Pullulan was chemically modified by the addition of acetic anhydride (pullulan acetate; PA) and then investigated as new depot system for protein/peptide delivery. PA microspheres (PAM) with lysozyme as a model protein were prepared by w/o/w double emulsion method. The microspheres had a mean size of 10-50 mm with a spherical shape. The size distributions reduced with increasing the degree of acetylation. The loading efficiency of lysozyme was also increased. Lysozyme aggregation behavior in the microsphere was monitored to estimate the change of protein stability during preparation step. The ratios of protein aggregation in PAMs are lower than that of PLGA microsphere, in particular, PA 5 showed lowest as about 16%. The result indicated that the increase of acetylation suppressed the aggregation of protein. The release profiles of lysozyme from PAMs were significantly different. High acetylation effectively improved lysozyme release kinetics by reducing initial burst release and extending continuous release over a period of time. To check the effect of preservation for structural stability of lysozyme, the activity of lysozyme released from PA 5 was also observed. The activity of lysozyme was maintained almost 100% for 25 day. Therefore, PAM may become to a useful carrier for delivery of protein/peptide drugs, if it will be supported by biocompatibility and biodegradability results.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1999

The bioequivalence of two aceclofenac tablets was evaluated in 14 normal volunteers (age $21\sim29$ yrs) following oral administration. The test product was 'Apental tablet' made by Asia Pharmaceutical Co. and the reference was 'Airtal tablet' made by Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. After one tablet containing 100 mg aceclofenac was administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of the drug in plasma was quantitated with an HPLC method. AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and statistically analyzed for the bioequivalence of the two products. The results showed that the differences in AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two products were $4.23\%,\;2.15\%\;and\;0\%$, respectively. The powers for AUC,$\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;>90\%,\;>90\%\;and\;85.8\%$, respectively. Confidence intervals were within $\pm20\%$ for three parameters. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that 'Apental tablet' is bioequivalent to "Airtal tablet".(Kor. J. Clin. Pharm. 1999; 9(1): 44-48)

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) has been gaining attention as a purity assessment method. In particular, qNMR is recognized as the primary method to realize the Internal System of Units (SI) in organic analysis. The capability of quantitative analysis is recognized as the beginning of NMR development. NMR signals are proportional to the number of nuclei and qNMR has been used in various fields, such as metabolomics and food and pharmaceutical analysis. However, careful sample preparation and thorough optimization of measurement parameters are required to obtain accurate and reliable results. In this review, quantitative methods used in qNMR are discussed, and the important factors to be considered also introduced. The recent development of qNMR techniques including combination with chromatography and, multidimensional NMR are also presented.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.395.2-395.2
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• 2002

The determination method for 11 corticosteroids (betamethasone, cortisol. cortisone, cortisone acetate. dexamethasone. cortisol acetate, isoflupredone acetate, methylprednisolone. prednisone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone acetonide) in a herbal medicinal preparation (Sibjeondaibotang) by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode is described. Samples (4 mL) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.169.2-169.2
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• 2003

A method using EI-GC-MS is described for the determination of amphetamines in hair. The method is applied to simultaneous quantify amphetamines (methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDMA and MDA). Drugs were extracted in 1 ％ HCl in methanol from hair. After derivertization with TFAA, the resulting drugs were separated on HP-5MS column during a 16 min program and identified by mass spectrometry with the SIM mode(EI-GC-MS). (omitted)

• 분석과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2018

Recently, for successful lactation, many breastfeeding mothers seek various products, including herbal medicine, dietary supplements, and prescribed medicines, to improve milk production. As demand for galactogogues grows, it is highly possible that pharmaceutical galactogogues may be adulterated with illegal products to maximize their efficacy. For continuous control and supervision of illegal products, we developed and validated a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method capable of simultaneously determining five galactogogues. Chromatographic separation was conducted using an Agilent Poroshell $120SB-C_{18}$ column with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 5.4) and 100 % acetonitrile. The total run time was 13 min per analyte. The proposed method was performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization and it produced reliable results. This method showed high sensitivity and specificity, with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.01-0.82 ng/mL and 0.02-2.45 ng/mL, respectively, for the solid- and liquid-type samples. Specificity was evaluated by analyzing matrix-blank samples spiked with the target compounds at LOQ levels, which provided a good separation of all peaks without interference. Additionally, the repeatability and intermediate precision were typically <15 %, whereas the recovery was 80-120 % of the values obtained using blank samples. Thus, we concluded that this method could be used for the identification and quantification of galactogogues in food or herbal products.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.612-617
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• 2012

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of ovotransferrin were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant capacity of ovotransferrin was evaluated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, antimicrobial effects using the agar well diffusion method, and cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylatetetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of ovotransferrin at 1 mg/mL level reached approximately 60% after 48 h of reaction. The antimicrobial effects of ovotransferrin against common food-borne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 32395, Bacillus cereus KCCM 40935, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, and Helicobacter pylori HpKCTC 26695 were dose dependant. Gram-positive bacteria was more sensitive to ovotransferrin than gram-negative bacteria. Ovotransferrin showed stronger antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes than other gram-positive bacteria tested. The cytotoxicity of ovotransferrin was evaluated in human cancer cell lines, various tissue origins, including the larynx (Hep-2), stomach (AGS), lung (SK-MES-1), liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), and colon (HT-29). Ovotransferrin displayed relatively high cytotoxicity (${\leq}60%$ inhibition effects) at 40 mg/mL. At lower concentrations (${\leq}10mg/mL$), however, ovotransferrin cytotoxic effects were not significant in all cancer cell lines tested. These results indicated that ovotransferrin has potential to be used as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent in foods or a pharmaceutical agent against cancers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2000

In order to study the simultaneous determination of (+)- and (-)-cetirizine in human urine we have developed a chiral separation method by HPLC. A chiral stationary phase of $\alpha$$_1$-acidglycoprotein, the AGP-CSP was used to separate the enantiomers. The pH of the phosphate buffer, as well as the content of the organic modifier in the mobile phase, markedly affected the chromatographic separation of (+)- and (-)-cetirizine. A mobile phase of 10 m㏖/1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile (95 : 5, v/v) was used for the urine assays. Ultraviolet absorption was monitored at 230nm and roxatidine was employed as the internal standard for quantification. (+)-Cetirizine, (-)-cetirizine and the internal standard were eluted at retention times of 12, 16, and 32 mins, respectively. The detection limit for cetirizine enantiomers was 400 ng/$m\ell$ of urine. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted with the help of 5 healthy female volunteers who were administered with a single oral dose of racemic cetirizine (20 mg). The peak area ratios provided by the cetirizine enantiomers were linear(r>0.997) over a concentration range of 2.5-200 ${\mu}g/ml$. The peak of the excreted cetirizine enantiomers appeared in the urine sample during the period of 1-2 hrs following the administration of the oral dose. The excreted level of (+)-cetirizine was slightly higher than (-)-cetirizine but the difference was not statistically significant. However, this method appears to have applications for enantioselective pharmacokinetic studies of racemic drugs.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2019

We developed a bioanalytical method for simultaneous determination of nine NBOMe derivatives (25H-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25E-NBOMe, 25N-NBOMe, 25C-NBOH, 25I-NBOH, 25B-NBF, 25C-NBF, and 25I-NBF) in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Human plasma samples were pre-treated using solid-phase extraction. Separation was achieved on a C18 column under gradient elution using a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Mass detection was performed in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The calibration range was 1-100 ng/mL for all quantitative analytes, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy varied from 0.85 to 6.92% and from 90.19 to 108.69%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 86.36 to 118.52%, and the matrix effects ranged from 27.09 to 99.72%. The stability was acceptable in various conditions. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery and stability in accordance with the FDA guidance. The proposed method is suitable for reliable and robust routine screening and analysis of nine NBOMe derivatives in forensic field.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

Recently, studies on intranasal mucosa delivery of influenza vaccine have been actively developed because of lack of pain and ease of administration. We studied on preparation of nanoparticle delivery system using biodegradable polymer as a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and their binding characteristics with vaccine. Three kinds of PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD) method using sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium laurate as an anionic surfactant and Lutrol F68 (polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol copolymer) as a nonionic surfactant. The 5-aminofluorescein labeled vaccine was coated on the surface of nanoparticles by ionic complex. The complexes between vaccine and nanoparticles were confirmed by change of the size. After vaccine coating on the surface of anionic nanoparticles, particle size was increased from 174 to 1,040 nm. However the size of nonionic nanoparticles was not more increased than size of anionic nanoparticles. The amount of coated vaccine on the surface of PLGA nanoparticles was $14.32\;{\mu}g/mg$ with sodium dodecyl sulfate, $12.41\;{\mu}g/mg$ with sodium laurate, and $9.47{\mu}g/mg$ with Lutrol F68, respectively. In conclusion, prepared nanoparticles in this study is possible to use as a virus-like nanoparticles and it could be accept in the field of influenza vaccine delivery system.