• 약학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 1982

In an attempt to design prodrugs for the Derivatives of the Isothiocyanates R-N=C=S were synthesized eleven novel bis-dithiocarbamates. The best way of preparing the dithiocarbamates was the formation of the dithiocarbonates followed by the reaction of the dithiocarbonates with amines. Thus, the treatment of the diols with carbon disulfide in the presense of potassium hydroxide afforded the potassium salts of the ditniocarbonic acids. The potassium salts were then reacted with alkyl halides to give the dithiocarbonates, which upon treatment with amines produces the dithiocarbamates. In case of vicinal diol (n=o in the above formula), only one of the hydroxy groups was reacted to give the mono-dithiocarbonate. The dithiocarbonates failed to react with amides and aromatic amines. Dithiocarbonates of the different types were obtained when the active double bonds, such as $CH_{2}=CH-Z$ , (Z are electron withdrawing groups), were allowed to react with the free dithiocarbonic acids produced in situ by carefully neutralizing the Potassium salts of the corresponding acids. These compounds are considered to be of some value as prodrugs for the active double bonds.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.452-458
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 식물성 식품에 대한 잔류농약의 국내와 코덱스의 residue definition 비교를 통해 국내에서 식이노출 과소평가의 가능성이 있는 농약성분을 파악하고 더 나아가 식이노출 과소평가가 위해성 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 우선적으로 검토가 필요한 농약성분을 알아내고자 하였다. 연구결과, 국내와 코덱스의 residue definition 정보로부터 식이노출 과소평가의 가능성이 있는 44종의 농약성분이 파악되었다. 이들 성분 중 농약성분의 ADI값, 국내 MRL 정보 및 대사물질의 독성학적 정보에 근거하여 다음의 24종 농약성분이 식이노출 과소평가가 위해성 평가에 미치는 영향에 대해 우선적으로 검토가 필요한 것으로 나타났다: acibensolar-S-methyl, chlorfenapyr, chlorothalonil, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyflumetofen, dithiocarbamates, fenamidone, fenpyroximate, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluopicolide, flupyradifuron, fluxapyroxad, glyphosate, hexythiazox, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, myclobutanil, penthiopyrad, propiconazole, spinetoram, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, trifloxystrobin. 더 나아가 chlorfenapyr, chlorothalonil, dithiocarbamates, fenamidone은 대사물질의 독성이 더 커서 특히 우선적으로 검토가 요구되는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 식품 중 잔류농약에 대한 국내 위해성 평가방법의 개선을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

HPLC/APCI-MS에 의한 dithiocarbamate계 분석법을 확립하고 아울러 국내에서 dithiocarbamate계 농약이 사용되는 쌀, 배추, 사과 등 20종 농산물에 대해 잔류실태를 조사한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. Dithiocarbamate계 농약 검출건수는 복숭아가 10건 중 3건(30%), 고추가 14건 중 7건(50%), 양파가 12건 중 4건(33.3%), 포도가 12건 중 8건(66.7%), 토마토가 17건 중 7건(41.2%), 감자가 14건 중 4건(28.6%), 구기자가 10건 중 9건(90%), 수박이 10건 중 6건(60%), 양배추가 11건 중 8건(72.7%), 배추가 10건 중 7건(70%), 당근이 12건 중 6건(50%), 오이가 13건 중 8건(61.5%), 쌀이 13건 중 6건(46.2%), 감귤이 11건 중 8건(72.7%), 메론이 16건 중 5건(31.3%), 감이 10건 중 1건(10%), 인삼이 11건 중 1건(9.1%), 대두가 10건 중 2건(20%)으로 100건의 시료에서 42.4%의 검출율을 보였으나 사과와 배 각 10건의 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이 중 기준치를 초과한 농산물은 건 구기자 3건이었으나 기준규격을 설정하여 관리되고 있다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.206-212
• /
• 1993

즈비터이온인 디티오카바메이트류의 암모늄과 이를 리간드로 한 니켈(Ⅱ)착물을 합성하였다. 이들 니켈(Ⅱ)착물의 적외선 및 전자흡수 스펙트럼과 전도도, 질량분석 등으로 그 특성을 조사하였다. 이들 니켈(Ⅱ)의 디티오카바마토류 착물은 물, 메탄올 및 아세톤과 같은 극성용매에 녹는다. 이들 니켈(Ⅱ)착물의 원소분석과 물리적 측정 결과에서부터 그 가능한 구조를 제시하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1213-1218
• /
• 2005

N,N-Dialkylditihiocarbamate derivatives have been well known as broad-range fungicides. In this study, the triazole derivatives of ten new N,N-disubstituted dithiocarbamates (3a-j) were synthesized and their structures were identified by spectral and elemental analysis. Results of the antifungal activity studies showed that some of the compounds tested were active against M. canis, M. gypseum, and T rubrum at the concentration of 12.5 $\mu$g/mL when c1otrimazol was used as a standard.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제32회 추계학술대회 정기총회
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 2000

This report describes the results of analysis, synthesis and evaluation of antimony dithiocarbamates (SbDTC). Sb-DTC were synthesized by reacting antimony oxide with dithiocarbamates whish were prepared by reaction of dialkylamines and carbon disulfide. The chemical structures and properties of synthesized Sb-DTCs in lab. were discussed. The frictional properties of SbDTC were tested with Four-Ball Wear Scar Tester and Four-Ball Extreme Tester by ASTM method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.481-488
• /
• 2016

Dithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb and mancozeb are widely used nonsystemic protectant fungicides to control various plant fungal diseases. Dithiocarbamate fungicides should be frequently applied to achieve optimal efficacy of disease control and avoid either decline in effectiveness or wash-off from leaf surface. Dithiocarbamates are of low resistance risk but have the potential to cause human neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy to effectively control plant disease with reduced use of dithiocarbamtes. Southern corn leaf blight was the model pathosystem for the investigation. When corn plants were drench-treated with Bacillus cereus C1L, a rhizobacterium able to induce systemic resistance in corn plants against southern leaf blight, frequency of spraying dithiocarbamate fungicides could be decreased. The treatment of B. cereus C1L was able to protect maize from southern leaf blight while residues of dithiocarbamates on leaf surface were too low to provide sufficient protection. On the other hand, frequent sprays of mancozeb slightly but significantly reduced growth of corn plants under natural conditions. In contrast, application of B. cereus C1L can significantly promote growth of corn plants whether sprayed with mancozeb or not. Our results provide the information that plant disease can be well controlled by rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance in combination with reduced but appropriate application of dithiocarbamate fungicides just before a heavy infection period. An appropriate use of rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and help plants overcome negative effects caused by dithiocarbamates.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.717-722
• /
• 1993

물에서 [PtCl$_4$]^{2-}$의 백금(II)에 결합된 클로로리간드를 디티오카바메이트로 치환시켜 [Pt(A)], [Pt(B)$_2$]Cl$_2$, [Pt(C)$_2$] 및 [Pt(D)(CH$_2$=CH$_2$)Cl]Cl를 합성하였다. 백금 착물은 원소분석, 적외선 및 자외선-가시광선 스펙트럼과 전도도 측정을 하여 이들의 성질을 조사하였따. 이들 백금(II)의 디티오카바메이트류 착물은 물, 알코올, 디메틸술폭시드 및 티메틸포름아미드와 같은 극성용매에 잘 녹았다. 이들 백금(II) 착물의 원소분석과 물리적 측정결과에서부터 그 가능한 구조를 제시하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: Dithiocarbamte fungicides have been used in crop cultivation for diseases protection and treatment. And cultivated agricultrual products were used as feedstuff, and residual pesticides are likely to be absorbed and transferred to livestock. But the maximum residue limits (MRLs) were not established for dithiocarbate fungicides in livestock products, and thus an analysis method was developed and validated for dithiocarbamate fungicides to establish MRLs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples were prepared using CS₂ trap method and detected with UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Calibration line (0.1 ~ 10 ㎍/mL) was linear with r² > 0.99. For validation, the recovery tests were carried out at three fortification levels (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ and 50 MLOQ) from livestock samples (egg, milk, beef, pork, and chicken). The results for mancozeb, propineb, and thiram ranged between 76.8 to 109.6%, 79.4 to 108.8%, and 80.2 to 107.8%, respectively and % RSD (relative standard deviation) values were below 9.5%. Furthermore, inter-laboratory analysis was performed to validate the method. CONCLUSION: All values were corresponded with the criteria ranges requested by both the CODEX (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and MFDS guidelines (2016). This might be used as an official analytical method for determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides at established MRLs and monitoring.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 1998

Dithiocarbamate and mixed disulfide containing allyl functions were designed and synthesized as putative chemopreventive agents, i.e. N,N-diallyldithiocarbamate (DATC) and S-(N,N-diallyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetylcysteine (AC-DATC). DATC and AC-DATC were administered and the activities of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and microsomal N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) deethylase were assayed in order to test the effects of these organosulfur com-pounds on the detoxification and metabolic activation system of NDEA. The amounts of hepatic glutathione (GSH and GSSG) was also determined. The administration of DATC to rats led to an increase in the activity of GR and to an inhibition of CYP2E1-mediated NDEA deethylation. AC-DATC induced the activity of GR and GST, increased the hepatic GSH content and inhibited the rate of NDEA deethylation. The level of GSSG was decreased as a consequence of the increased activity of GR. These effects may contribute to possible antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic action of the dithiocarbamates investigated.