• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.8-8
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• 2018

Muscle atrophy, known as a sarcopenia, is defined as a loss of muscle mass resulting from a reduction in muscle fiber area or density due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown. Many conditions are associated with muscle atrophy, such as aging, denervation, disuse, starvation, severe injury and inflammation, prolonged bed rest, glucocorticoid treatment, sepsis, cancer, and other cachectic diseases. On the other hand, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and is wide spread in the elderly population and is characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. The cytokine network plays an important role in the development and progression of OA with the inflammatory cytokine. Schisandrae Fructus (SF) derived from the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) has been extensively used in traditional herbal medicines in Asia. It was originally used as a tonic and has been traditionally used for the treatment of many uncomfortable symptoms, such as cough, dyspnea, dysentery, insomnia, and amnesia for a long time. Previous reports have shown that SF and its related compounds possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbial, antiseptic, anti-aging, hepatoprotective and immunostimulating effects. However, the therapeutic effects of SF on muscle atrophy and OA has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of SF, the dried fruit of S. chinensis, mitigates the development of muscle atrophy and OA.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effect of three interventions on the disuse atrophy of rat hindlimb after two weeks suspension. Forty-eight 11~12 weeks old female Sprague-Dawley white rats were divided into four intervention groups: 1) suspension only (S; n=10), 2) intensive weight bearing treadmill (IWBT; n=10), 3) electrical stimulation (ES; n=9), 4) 2)+3) (ES/IWBT; n=9). Another 10 rats received no intervention or hindlimb suspension and served as controls (C). After the interventions, 1) the cross-sectional area (CSA), 2) the ratio of white muscle fiber composition (WMFC), 3) isometric tetanic tension (ITT), and 4) muscle weights (MWs) were measured from the four calf muscle specimens. The results were as follows: 1. In all intervention groups, the CSAs of medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG LG), soleus (SOL), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) decreased when compared to the control (C) group (p<.05). The CSA increased in FDS and LG for the IWBT group, in SOL for the ES/IWBT group compared to the S only group (p<.05). 2. The ratios of WMFC in MG, LG, SOL, and FDS increased compared to the C group for all interventions (p<.05). The ratios of WMFC decreased in SOL and LG for the IWBT group, in SOL for the ES/IWBT group compared to the S only group, and decreased in SOL for the ES/IWBT group compared to the IWBT group (p<.05). 3. The ITT in the MG, LG, SOL, and FDS decreased compared to the C group for all interventions (p<.05). The ITT increased in MG LG/FDS, SOL, and the whole calf muscles (WCMs) in the IWBT, ES and ES/IWBT groups compared to the S only group (p<.05). 4. The MWs in MG LG/FDS, SOL, WCMs decreased compared to the C group for all interventions (p<.05). The MWs increased in MG LG/FDS and WCMs for the IWBT group, in SOL for the ES group, and in SOL for the ES/IWBT group compared to the S only group (p<.05). 5. In atrophied muscles, the IWBT group showed the best recovery and the ES/IWBT and ES groups followed in decreasing order. The most susceptible muscle to disuse atrophy was the SOL. But conversely, it showed the best recovery in the ES/IWBT group. After two weeks of hindlimb suspension, the calf muscles of rats atrophied and their isometric tension decreased. These changes were best reversed by hindlimb-focused treadmill activity. The next best results were achieved by electrical stimulation combined with the treadmill followed by only electrical stimulation. These findings indicate that full weight bearing treadmill activity alone or in combination with electrical stimulation are effective treatments for non-weight bearing induced muscle atrophy. Further study of the effect of different intensities of electrical stimulation and variations in the duration period of full weight bearing treadmill activity on disuse atrophy is recommended.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2005

개에서 Nandrolone decanoate(ND)의 수술 후 외고정 등에 의한 불용성 근위축과 골절 치유에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다 $3.3\~5.5kg,\;2\~4$세의 건강한 잡종견 20두를 대조군(A군, 4두), 1.5mg/kg ND 투여군(수술 직후 투여 - B군, 8두), 7.5mg/kg ND 투여군(수술 직후 투여 - C군, 8두)으로 나누어 무작위로 실험에 사용하였다. 요골의 골간에 골절을 유발하여 1mm 간격을 유지하며 plate로 고정하였다 ND (Deca-Durabolin 50mg/ml, 한화제약 주식회사)투여 군은 1.5mg/kg혹은 7.5mg/kg용량의 ND를 수술 직후, 일주일에 일회씩 근육 내로 8주간 투여하였다. 수술 후 4주간 로버트 존스 포대법을 실시한 후 제거하였다. 체중과 근육의 변화를 수술 직후, 수술 2, 4, 8주 후에 각각 측정하였다 ND 투여 후 4주와 8주에 조직학적 검사를 실시하였다. 근육량의 변화는 A, B 및 C 각 군에서 수술 8주 후에 수술 전 근육량의 $-2.75\pm0.16\%,\;1.68\pm0.11\%$및 $1.74\pm0.48\%$의 변화를 보였다. 근육량은 대조군과 비교하여 투여군에서 투여 4주 후부터 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 투여군에서 용량 의존적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 조직학적 평가에서 ND투여 4주 후 투여군에서 골절된 골 사이에 형성된 섬유 결합조직층이 대조군과 비교하여 더 많이 형성되었다. 5주 후 투여군에서 섬유결합 조직층이 더욱 치밀해졌다. 이상의 결과로 보아 ND투여는 수술 후 외고정 등에 의한 불용성 근위축의 예방과 골절 치유에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1995

When applying FES to patients, proper evaluation must be performed prior to treating patient. Patients with thoracic lesions between $T_4{\sim}T_{12}$ are suitable for FES. However, these patients must have excitability of the leg muscles. Thus, excitability testing is an essential part of the screening program(stimulation at 80V gives a response). Before standing or walking is attempted the patients must perform restrengthening exercise, so that the Quadriceps muscle group minimum strength is 40 Nm (corresponding to a manual grade of F+ to G). After that walking and standing can be attempted. The effects of FES are as follows: prevents pressure sores; development and maintenance of muscle properties; prevents disuse atrophy and contractures.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.499-509
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• 1997

The facial nerve have a long pathway. Thus facial nerve fibers easily involved at any point along their course will lead to a facial palsy of lower motor neuron type and upper motor neuron type. The electrophysiologic examination can evaluate and anticipating that prognosis of facial nerve palsy. The electrophysiologic examination are Nerve Excitability Test(NET), Elecctroneurography(ENG), Electro-myography(EMG), Blink Reflex, and Electrogustometry et.al. The NET is very useful method for assessment of prognosis and distinguish between nerve degeneration and physiological block as early as 72 hour after onset of the facial palsy. And other examination also give objectively information of facial nerve for prognosis and treatment. Treatment goal of physiotherapy are prevent contracture and disuse atrophy of facial muscle with muscle reeducation and strengthening and maintain symmetry facial motion. The treatment better start as early as possible.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of image training and vibration on performance of vertical jumping. Methods : Subjects was classified into two groups, which were image training group(n=20) and vibration application group(n=20). The standard methods of each intervention were image training with listening recorded indication for 5 minute and vibration with speed of $1200{\pm}200\;rpm$. Muscle strength was measured using vertical jump performance. Results : The vertical jump performance was significantly increased after image training and vibration application(p<.05), however, it was more significantly after image training(p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed that image training and vibration application were effective treatment strategy on increase of muscle strength. Therefore, it could be considered as a treatment method in the patients with musculoskeletal disease including fracture, chronic degenerative disease and disuse atrophy.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-146
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• 1995

Many arthritis patients experience weakness of muscles in extremities mainly due to disuse atrophy and weight gain because of the limited activities and exercises. This study examines the effects of the 6-week aquatic-exercise program on the body fat and the muscle of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Seventeen patients in the experimental group and 18 in the control group were assigned depending on their preference and physical condition. These patients had more than 3 points of pain out of 10, deformities in knee, wrist and ankle joints. The amount of aquatic exercise increases from 35 minutes in the first week to 60 minutes in the 6th week. In the resting period they discussed their own experiences about exercise, personal and family affairs, and performed some recreation programs in order to increase the self-efficacy and promote the relationship with other patients by the group activities. Skinfold thickness and circumferences of both extremities were measured before and after experiment to compare the difference. For testing the body fat Saham Model was used. Prior to the experiment two group's body weight, skinfold thickness and skin circumferences were not significantly different which indicates the homogeneity of two groups. Body weight and most parts of skinfold thickness of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group after 6-week aquatic exercise program. Circumference was not significantly lower than the control after the program. These findings indicate the in-crease of muscle sizes and the reduction of the body fat. Therefore a more active application of aquatic exercise into a variety of clients is strongly suggested.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

Single and 28-day repeated dose toxicity studies of botulimnn toxin type A were carried out in ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. In the single dose toxicity study, botulinwn toxin was injected intraperitoneally to male and female mice at a single dose of 40, 59, 89 133 and 200 ng/10 ml saline/kg. All animals died from 59 ng/kg group. Some clinical signs, such as decrease in locomotor activity, dyspnea, prone position and ptosis, were observed in most of both sexes from 59 ng/kg group, but no signs were seen in all animals at 40 ng/kg group. The results showed that the median lethal dose of botulinum toxin might be in the range of 40-59 ng/kg in both sexes. In the repeated dose toxicity study, the test material was administered intradermally for 28 days at doses of 0 (vehicle-treated control), 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and $10.0ng/head/50{\mu}{\ell}$ saline in male and female rats. No test material-related changes were noted in survivals, clinical signs, food and water consumptions and gross finding in any group. Botulinum toxin treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain rate in male of 5.0 ng/head group and over and in female of 10.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control. One or more relative organ weights (i.e., spleen, thymus, liver and kidney) were increased significantly from 5.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control in both sexes. Serum biochemistry revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase, total protein and albumin in male, and increases in AST and ALT and decreases in $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ in female without dose-pendent manners. In the histopathological study, physical stimulation by needle caused slight inflammations of dennis. In addition, botulinum toxin treatment induced denervation of nerve cell and disuse of muscle, resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscle in both sexes from 2.5 ng/head group. When the antibodies to toxin were determined in all animals, a significant increase in serum antibodies was observed from 5.0 ng/head group. The results showed that the NOAEL of botulinum toxin might be 1.25 ng/head for 28-day repeated dose toxicity in rats.