• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2003

When making crown and bridges on anterior regions, many practitioners consider the esthetics the most. For this reason functional aspect are not considered as much as the esthetics. If the occlusion on the anterior region are not formed correctly, movement of the temporomandibular joint can be disturbed and excessive stress can be occur that pathologic condition can be under lied. On this case presentation will show the importance of the anterior guidance and suggest the appropriate protocol of using customized anterior guide table. A 45years old male had to remake both of the upper central and lateral PFM because of the porcelain fracture. The new PFM crowns were made conventional methods without considering the anterior guidance. After the temporary setting, the patient complained of discomfort and short looking upper anteriors. To solve these problems we had to restore the palatal contour and length of the new crowns by making customized anterior guide table using temporary crowns that contains patient's old anterior guidance. This procedure which is copying the pt's comfortable anterior guidance to the final prosthesis made them to be esthetic and patients to feel comfortable.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2010

The primary function of the skin is to protect the body from the unwanted environmental influences. The outermost layer of the skin is stratum corneum which consists of corneocytes surrounded by lipid regions. Ceramides covalently bound to keratinocytes are essential for the barrier function of the skin, which can be disturbed in the disease, like xerosis. Xerosis is an abnormal dryness of the skin which reduced the thickness of stratum corneum and ceramide content decreasing with age. In this study, 36 seaweed extracts have been tested for screening of xerosis inhibitory agent by in vitro HaCaT keratinocyte assay. Ishige sinicola and Helminthocladia australis induced the significant amount of ceramide-like substance I in HaCaT keratinocyte among the tested seaweed extracts. Sargassum fulvellum, Chondrus ecellatus and Gigartina tenella also induced the ceramide-like substance I whereas Helminthocladia australis and Pachymeniopsis elliptica induced the ceramide-like II from HaCaT keratinocyte.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.267-291
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• 2005

To date, many studies have been conducted for the analysis and design of reinforced concrete members with disturbed regions. However, prestressed concrete deep beams have not been the subject of many investigations. This paper presents an evaluation of the behavior and strength of three pre-tensioned concrete deep beams failed by shear and bond slip of prestressing strands using a nonlinear strut-tie model approach. In this approach, effective prestressing forces represented by equivalent external loads are gradually introduced along strand's transfer length in the nearest strut-tie model joints, the friction at the interface of main diagonal shear cracks is modeled by the aggregate interlock struts along the direction of the cracks in strut-tie model, and an algorithm considering the effect of bond slip of prestressing strands in the strut-tie model analysis and design of pre-tensioned concrete members is implemented. Through the strut-tie model analysis of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams, the nonlinear strut-tie model approach proved to present effective solutions for predicting the essential aspects of the behavior and strength of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams. The nonlinear strut-tie model approach is capable of predicting the strength and failure modes of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams including the anchorage failure of prestressing strands and, accordingly, can be employed in the practical and precise design of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2015

The occurrence of wild boars (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) and reports of wildlife-vehicle conflicts (i.e., road-kill) involving them have increased in natural forest regions of Korea. In the past few decades, many wildlife passages have been constructed to reduce vehicle collisions involving wildlife species. However, few studies have assessed the habitat suitability of target wildlife species when locating the construction sites of wildlife passages. Target species rarely use wildlife passages if built in an inappropriate location. Therefore, a quantitative habitat model is required to find suitable sites for wildlife passages that can connect the fragmented forest patches of wildlife habitats in Korea. In this study, the wild boar was selected as the target species, and six environmental variables (percentage of Quercus forest, slope aspect, distance to roads, water accessibility, forest stand age and density) were measured. The habitat model for wild boars was developed with a Delphi survey, and habitat suitability maps were delineated for the provinces of Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do. In this study, 298 and 64 boars were observed in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively. Observations of wild boars derived from the second nationwide natural environmental survey were used to evaluate the habitat model. Habitat suitability maps that superimposed existing road networks suggested that wild boar habitats were severely fragmented in both provinces, particularly in Gangwon-do. To connect the fragmented habitats and prevent wildlife-vehicle collisions, this study proposes 11 and 5 wildlife passage sites in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, respectively.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2003

Strain-softening model is developed to characterize the interface behavior of geomembrane with geotextile and geosynthetic clay liner(GCL). The model proposed in this research is calibrated by using data from direct shear tests conducted on smooth and textured geomembrane. The research is divided into two regions, pre-peak and post-peak, to take into account of strain-softening effect. Although slight difference between measured and back calculated data is observed under high normal stress, good agreements, in general, are found from back calculations. Especially, good consistency is observed in the case of low normal stress. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proposed model can be a reasonable constitutive law to figure out the behavior of strain-softening between interfaces of geomembrane. In addition, DSC(Disturbed State Concept) model is also presented for further application in geosynthetic interfaces.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2013

Galaxies undergo various processes in the cluster environment, which could affect their evolution. In particular, ram pressure due to intracluster medium (ICM) can effectively remove HI gas, which is a relatively diffuse form of interstellar medium (ISM). On the other hand, molecular gas is not expected to get easily stripped as atomic gas since it is denser and sitting well within the stellar disk in a deeper potential well. However, cluster galaxies are found to be redder and more passive in star formation activity compared to their field counterpart. This implies that molecular gas may also get affected somehow in dense environments. In this work, we investigate molecular gas properties of a sample of galaxies undergoing HI stripping due to the ICM. We present the 12/13 CO (2-1) data of four spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster at different ram pressure stripping stages, obtained using the Sub Millimeter Array (SMA). CO morphology of the sample appears to be highly asymmetric and disturbed. Using the ratio of different lines, we probe the molecular gas temperature in different regions. We find higher gas temperature than the range normally found among field galaxies. We discuss how these distinct molecular gas properties may affect star formation and hence the evolution of the cluster galaxy population.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2016

Based on the variation of strain along the cross section, any region in a structural member can be classified into two regions namely, Bernoulli's region (B-region) and Disturbed region (D-region). Since the variation of strain along the cross section for a B-region is linear, well-developed theories are available for their analysis and design. On the other hand, the design of D-region is carried out based on thumb rules and past experience due to the presence of nonlinear strain distribution. Strut-and-Tie method is a novel approach that can be used for the analysis and design of both B-region as well as D-region with equal importance. The strut efficiency factor (${\beta}_s$) is needed for the design and analysis of concrete members using Strut and Tie method. In this paper, equations for finding ${\beta}_s$ for bottle shaped struts in concrete deep beams (a D-region) with and without steel fibres are developed. The effects of transverse reinforcement on ${\beta}_s$ are also considered. Numerical studies using commercially available finite element software along with limited amount of experimental studies were used to find ${\beta}_s$.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2013

철근콘크리트 파일캡의 설계 시 사용되고 있는 현행 설계기준의 단면법 및 스트럿-타이 모델 방법은 각각 B-영역으로 이루어진 철근콘크리트 구조부재의 거동과 2차원 응력교란영역을 갖는 철근콘크리트 구조부재의 거동에 기초한 것으로, 이를 응력교란영역(D-영역)을 갖고 3차원 거동이 지배적인 철근콘크리트 파일캡의 설계에 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않다. 이 연구에서는 3축 응력을 받는 콘크리트 스트럿 및 절점영역의 강도특성과 철근이 배치되지 않은 인장영역에서의 콘크리트 타이의 하중저항능력 등을 반영하여 철근콘크리트 파일캡을 합리적으로 설계할 수 있는 개선 3차원 스트럿-타이 모델을 제안하였다. 파괴실험이 수행된 78개 철근콘크리트 파일캡 시험체의 극한강도를 현행 설계기준의 단면법 및 스트럿-타이 모델 방법, 그리고 이 연구의 개선 3차원 스트럿-타이 모델을 이용하여 평가하였으며, 그 결과의 비교분석을 통해 스트럿-타이 모델 방법 적용 시의 3차원 거동 및 하중전달 메커니즘을 묘사하기 위한 적절한 구성요소의 필요성과 이 연구에서 제안한 개선 3차원 스트럿-타이 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-407
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• 2006

2004년 2월, 5월, 9월 11월의 총 4회에 걸쳐 거제도 남동부 연안에 총 26개의 정점을 선정하고 저서동물 군집의 특성을 파악하였다. 표층 퇴적물의 입도 조성은 대체적으로 연안에서 다소 조립하였고 외해로 갈수록 세립화 되었으며, 연구 해역의 주요 퇴적상은 mud로 구성 되었다고 볼 수 있었다. 전체 연구기간동안 평균 저서동물의 서식밀도는 1,067개체 $m^{-2}$이었다. 이 중 모든 계절에서 우점하는 동물군은 다모류로서 4계절 평균 871개체 $m^{-2}$의 서식밀도를 나타내었으며, 전체 저서동물의 출현개체수 중 $77.3{\sim}87.0%$를 차지하여 높은 우점도를 보였다. 전반적으로 다모류 서식밀도의 공간적 분포는 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 지세포항 인근 해역과 북쪽 해역에서 상대적으로 높은 서식밀도를 나타내었으나, 계절적 변동은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 4계절동안 우점한 다모류는 Magelona japonica, Ampharete arctica, Heteromastus filiformis, Lumbrineris longifolia, Tharyx sp. 등이었다. 집괴분석의 결과 본 연구 해역은 지세포항 인근 연안역의 정점군, 진해만의 입구와 인접한 북쪽 해역의 정점군 그리고 남쪽 해역의 정점군과 같이 크게 3개의 정점군으로 구분이 가능하였다. 또한 대체적으로 외해의 정점군에서는 생태그룹 II에 속하는 종들이, 연안의 정점군에서는 생태그룹 IV의 기회종들이 특징종으로 나타나 각 정점군의 유사성에 대한 높은 기여율을 보였다. 생태그룹 II와 III의 출현비율은 계절적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 생태그룹 I, IV의 각 정점별 출현 비율은 시 공간적으로 뚜렷한 변동을 보였으며 AMBI 역시 공간적, 계절적으로 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. AMBI는 대체로 지세포항 인근 해역에서 매우 높았고 외해역에서 다소 낮은 경향이었으며 지세포항 내에 위치한 정점은 '심각한 교란(heavily disturbed)'을 나타내기도 하였으나 연구 해역 전반적으로 '경미한 교란(slightly disturbed)'을 나타내고 있었다. 지세포항 인근 연안역의 저서생태계는 다소 불안정하거나 교란된 군집을 형성하고 있다고 볼 수 있으나 연구 해역 전반적으로는 계절적으로 큰 변동 없이 비교적 안정된 군집을 형성하고 있다고 보여진다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Secondary vegetation. the holistically integrated system of nature and human being, is the complicated ecosystem that is composed of natural and man-created factors. Understanding the ecological function of secondary vegetation supplies us many important informations for sustainable landscape management and ecological restoration planning. In this research, we tried to examine the shape effect of vegetation patch on early structure of populations of pine and oaks. Moreover. we also tried to clarify the ecological functions of patch edge by exploring the patch effect on germination using patch index. In addition, we present the landscape structure of man -made vegetation of our study area, and setting experimental design of research. Vegetation landscape of study area is typical human disturbed landscape mainly composed of disturbance patches. Vegetation types of graveyard and managed pine forest were controlled by periodically repeated management. However, current seedlings of pine occurred well at both vegetation types. Presence of both saplings were more controlled in managed pine forest (PDM) and graveyard (G) than those of undergrowth (PD) and forest edge (FE) with canopy trees. The number of pine seedlings increased with patch size and patch perimeter. That of oak seedlings was, however, not significantly different. Larger graveyards provided higher light availability for germination of pine seedlings. We think, however, most seedlings of both species in the large sized graveyards without shade will die more easily than that of small sized ones before rainy summer. Relationships between patch shape and germination of two woody species cannot be exactly explained enough yet in these results. More informations on spatial interaction of the total species with differently sized patches are necessary to solve the concept of patch effect on species colonization.