• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to analyze and suggest new online music distribution models targeted to facilitate the development of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) music market in all locations of the world. This study is conducted through a close analysis of the prevailing distribution models, the unique challenges of the K-pop market, and the trends in new technologies. Research design, data and methodology: To address the issue of how the online music distribution market could be domesticated for the Korean music industry, a systematic review of the previous studies was conducted. The use of the PRISMA approach was followed so that an accurate and transparent method for choosing the studies is ensured. Results: According to the investigation of literature analysis, the online distribution strategy may consist of four key plannings as follows, 1. Leveraging Social Media and User-Generated Content Platforms, 2. Embracing Immersive and Interactive Experiences, 3. Fostering Direct-to-Fan Connections and Monetization, 4. Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics. Conclusions: Finally, collaboration and strategic partnerships will be vital. The Korean music companies should seek to cooperate with the technology companies, social media platforms, and the global music streaming services so that they can grow their market, acquire new technologies, and to better their online distribution strategies.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The function of internal audit is to help achieve company goals and targets by minimizing the impact of business risks. The distribution of internal audit activities in carrying out control and supervision covers all aspects or activities at all levels of management. The aim of the research is to determine the distribution of risk-based internal audit effectiveness assessments in companies. Data and Research Design Methodology: Researchers examined research trends regarding things that could influence the distribution of the effectiveness of the internal audit function from 2007 to 2023.This research used a systematic literature review (SLR) research method. This research used 23 papers sourced from the Scopus database. Results: The distribution of the effectiveness of audit services provided by internal auditors is more influenced by the personal characteristics of internal auditors and has little to do with the leadership of the chief internal auditor, technology, and risk management. Conclusion: The distribution of monitoring services provided by internal auditors covers all levels of departments or divisions of the organization. The assessment of internal audit effectiveness is more influenced by the auditor's personal attributes such as independence, competence, and management support.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.19-31
• /
• 1999

In this study, we have estimated lineaments in the Euiseong area, Kyungbuk Province, from Landsat TM by applying the algorithm developed by Kim and Won et al. which can effectively reduce the look direction bias associated with the Sun's azimuth angle. Fratures over the study area were also mapped in the field at 57 selected sites to compare them with the results from the satellite image. The trends of lineaments estimated from the Landsat TM images are characterized as $N50^{\circ}$~70W, NS~$N10^{\circ}$W, and $N10^{\circ}$~$60^{\circ}$E trends. The spatial distribution of lineaments is also studied using a circular grid, and the results show that the area can be divided into two domains : domain A in which NS~$N20^{\circ}$E direction is dominant, and domain B in which west-north-west direction is prominent. The trends of lineaments can also be classified into seven groups. Among them, only C, D and G trends are found to be dominant based upon Donnelly's nearest neighbor analysis and correlations of lineament desities. In the color composite image produced by overlaying the lineament density map of these C-, D-, and G-trends, G-trend is shown to be developed in the whole study area while the eastern part of the area is dominated by D-trend. C-trend develops extensively over the whole are except the southeastern part. The orientation of fractures measured at 35 points in the field shows major trends of NS~$N30^{\circ}$E, $N50^{\circ}$~$80^{\circ}$W, and N80$^{\circ}$E~EW, which agree relatively well with the lineaments estimated form the satellite image. The rose diagram analysis fo field data shows that WNW-ESE trending discontinuities are developed in the whole area while discontinuities of NS~$N20^{\circ}$E are develped only in the estern part, which also coincide with the result from the satellite image. The combined results of lineaments from the satellite image and fracture orientation of field data at 22 points including 18 minor faults in Sindong Group imply that the WNW-ESE trend is so prominent that Gumchun and Gaum faults are possibly extended up to the lower Sindong Group in the study area.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.339-352
• /
• 2019

Long term water quality change was analyzed to evaluate the effect of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) policy. A trend analysis was performed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations data monitored at the outlets of the total 41 TMDL unit watersheds of the Nakdong River in the Republic of Korea. Because water quality data do not usually follow a normal distribution, a nonparametric statistical trend analysis method was used. The monthly mean values of BOD and TP for the period between 2004 and 2015 were analyzed by the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and the locally weighted scatterplot smoother (LOWESS). The TMDL policy effect on the water quality change of each unit watershed was analyzed together with the results of the trend analysis. From the seasonal Mann-Kendall test results, it was found that for BOD, 7.8 % of the 41 points showed downward trends, 26.8 % and the rest 65.9% showed upward and no trends. For TP, 51.2% showed no trends and the rest 48.8% showed downward trends. From the LOWESS analysis results, TP began to decrease in most of the unit watersheds from mid-2010s when intensive chemical treatment processes were introduced to existing wastewater treatment plants. Overall, for BOD, relatively more points were improved in the main stream compared to the points of the tributaries although overall trends were mostly no trend or upward. For TP, about half of the points were improved and the rest showed no trends.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.1959-1964
• /
• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from 1991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. Results: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.225-239
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 미국 조지아 주 애틀랜타와 인근 지역(이하 메트로 애틀란타)의 한인인구와 한인업체의 지역별 분포 및 특징을 살펴봄으로써 새롭게 부상하고 있는 메트로 애틀랜타 한인사회의 전반적인 성장과정을 파악하고자 한다. 특히 메트로 애틀랜타에 입지한 한인업체의 시기별 성장과정과 주요 지역 및 업종별 입지 동향 분석을 통해 한인업체의 공간적 분포의 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 애틀랜타 한인 이민의 역사를 살펴보았으며, 메트로 애틀랜타 한인업체의 입지 동향과 주요 업종별 입지 동향을 지역별로 분석하였다. 그 결과 메트로 애틀랜타 한인업체의 주요 입지는 교통의 발달, 새로운 지역의 개발, 교육 여건, 인종별 주거 비중의 변화 등으로 인해 애틀랜타 북동쪽의 외곽으로 급속히 확산되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 함께 한인업체의 주요 업종은 미국의 제도, 한인 거주민의 이주, 시장 전략 등에 따라 소매업과 음식점 및 주점업에서 부동산업과 금융업으로 전환되었고, 소매업의 입지 비중이 상대적으로 감소되었다는 사실도 밝혀졌다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.41-64
• /
• 2002

현재까지 우리 유통산업(도·소매업) 및 유통업태의 성장 추이나 예측에 대한 연구는 경제모형의 설계에 의한 계량분석 방법이 아닌, 개별 업태별 사업계획으로부터 추정하는 보톱-업(bottom-up) 방식의 자의적인 추정 방법을 이용하여 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리 유통산업 및 주요 소매 업태를 업태별 전망 모형을 구축하여 성장 패턴을 추정, 전망하고자 한다. 본 연구는 소매 업태별 성장 추세 분석을 통하여 매우 흥미로운 결과를 발견할 수 있었다. 즉 백화점, 편의점 및 전문점의 성장은 민간 소비 지출과 가장 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있고, 할인점은 소비지출의 증감과 전혀 무관하게 최근 매년 40% 이상 성장하고 있음을 보여주어 현재 우리가 할인점 전성시대에 살고 있음을 실감할 수 있었다. 한편 슈퍼마켓은 IMF이후 소비지출의 성장률에 훨씬 못 미치는 성장을 보이고 있고 이 추세는 계속될 것으로 전망된다. 마지막으로 통계청의 소매 업태 분류상, 기타의 경우, 최근 급부상하고 있는 TV 홈쇼핑 및 온라인 쇼핑몰 등과 함께, 쇠퇴업태인 재래시장을 동시에 포함하고 있어 그 통계의 유용성이나 신뢰성에서 많은 문제를 내포하고 있다. 따라서 이들 소매업태 분류의 개선 및 보완작업이 시급히 요망된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.545-557
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to estimate the trends of each pollutant using the air pollution monitoring networks data from January 2005 to December 2008 in Daegu area. Also, the spatial characteristics of each pollutant were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficients and COD (coefficients of divergence). In this study, the trends of hourly, monthly, seasonal, and total average concentrations of each pollutant for the 10 sites were analyzed. The Ihyeon site showed highest concentration for the $SO_2$, $NO_2$, and PM10}. In the case of $O_3$, the Jisan site showed highest concentration among the other sites. Also, industrial area presented highest concentration for the $SO_2$, CO, and PM10. On the other hand, $NO_2$ showed highest in commercial area. The IDW (inverse distance weighting) method was used to estimate characteristics of spatial distribution. The results provide identify spatial distribution for each pollutant. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficients and COD values provide spatial variability among the monitoring sites. The COD of each pollutant showed very low values for all of the sites pairs. On the other hand, the Pearson correlation coefficients showed high values for all of the sites pairs. Finally, analysis of spatial variability can be used to characterize the spatial uniformity and similarity of concentrations from each pollutant.

• 식품기술
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.592-597
• /
• 2010

본 내용은 2010년 4월 25일부터 2010년 5월 1일까지 이탈리아의 UNITEC, SALVI, SORMA, APOFRUIT, 농식품유통매장을 방문하여, EU의 농식품 선별 및 품질관리 센싱기술의 현장 활용실태와 농식품 이력추적관리 및 농산물산지유통센터의 품질센싱 기술을 조사한 결과이다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The study aims to synthesize research trends regarding the distribution of 'other customer perception' on 'brand experience'; concurrently, to identify the promising research directions and suggest useful for managers. Research design, data, and methodology: The paper deals with the distribution of 'other customer perception' on 'brand experience' through evaluating a systematic review combined with biological mapping analysis (VOS viewer) with 226 documents published in 142 journals from 1987 to 2021. Results: The study synthesizes and analyzes existing literature reviews on the distribution of 'other customer perception' on 'brand experience', which mainly highlights three research topic groups. Exploring the component of relationship should be considered in the brand experience scale when the research context is the social interactions surrounding the customer's purchasing process. Moreover, the presence of mindfulness in several publications has suggested a potential research direction in the consumer behavior field. Conclusions: The systematic reports can be a useful reference for managers towards building brand experience based on distribution of 'other customer perception' with moderating of mindfulness - a new finding of behavioral interaction that has just experienced the Covid-19 pandemic which is experienced directly at the store and lead to many changes in consumer psychology.